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1.
作为实用主义哲学思想的鼻祖,杜威课程观本质上反映了实用主义思想。陶行知继承和发展了杜威的教育思想,提出了具有中国特色的"生活教育"理论,这是中国教育家学者将外国教育理论进行创新研究和本土适应性改造的典范。陶行知课程观,根植于"生活教育"理论,又是其生活教育理论的有机组成部分。陶行知课程观主要包括课程目标观、课程内容观、课程实施观三个方面的内容。深入分析这些内容,对我国当今课改不乏有益的启示。 相似文献
2.
Kelvin Beckett 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2018,50(4):380-389
John Dewey adopted a child-centered point of view to illuminate aspects of education he believed teacher-centered educators were neglecting, but he did so self-consciously and self-critically, because he also believed that ‘a new order of conceptions leading to new modes of practice’ was needed. Dewey introduced his new conceptions in The Child and the Curriculum and later and more fully in Democracy and Education. Teachers at his Laboratory School in Chicago developed the new modes of practice (1896–1903). In this article, I explore Dewey’s new conception of education and compare it with the apparently opposed views of R. S. Peters and Paulo Freire. In doing so, I show that, despite their criticisms of Dewey, whether explicit (Peters) or implicit (Freire), these influential philosophers, representing quite different traditions in philosophy of education were in substantial agreement with him. I also show that, despite our own differences, as important as they are, seeing teachers and learners at work in a rapidly changing society, now on a global scale, in classrooms which are also changing, driven largely by new technologies, the conception of education Dewey, Peters, and Freire developed can provide us with the foundation we need to understand the changing teacher–learner relationship and the purposes their shared activities serve. 相似文献
3.
以杜威的《民主主义与教育》为基本参照,概览杜威的教育思想:民主主义的社会是杜威的理想国;教育即生活、即生长、即经验的改造。杜威强调儿童中心,做中学等,反映出他独特的哲学视界,从中可追溯杜威教育思想的哲学根源。 相似文献
4.
Neil Hopkins 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2014,48(3):416-427
Dewey continues to offer arguments that remain powerful on the need to break down the divisions between ‘academic’ and ‘vocational’ in terms of his specific theory of knowledge. Dewey's writings are used to argue that a democratic curriculum needs to challenge such divisions to encompass the many forms of knowledge necessary in the contemporary classroom. Gandin and Apple's investigation of community participation (Orçamento Participativo or Participatory Budgeting) in the curriculum of the Citizen School in Porto Alegre, Brazil, will be explored as an example of democratic structures informing educational planning. The work of Paul Hirst, Atli Har?arson and Chris Jane Brough is analysed regarding the issue of curriculum aims and student negotiation. Dewey's emphasis on learning as a collective enterprise will resonate here. Brough offers innovative research on student‐centred curriculum integration that suggests even very young children are able to participate in debate over their own learning. Hirst and Har?arson provide contrasting views on the issue of curriculum aims—Hirst arguing that a curriculum cannot exist without definable aims while Har?arson challenges the very notion of settled aims if students are to be reflexive regarding their education. The article also refers to the work of Alexander on the use of dialogic questioning in the classroom. Such questioning, it is suggested, enhances and encourages collaborative forms of enquiry necessary for a democratic curriculum through discussion between teachers, students and other stakeholders. 相似文献
5.
本文以杜威创办的芝加哥实验学校中的手工训练课程为讨论对象，集中解析其中蕴含的教育原理与文明关怀。由于过分突出语言学习课程，美国镀金时代的基础教育丧失了根本的生命力和行动力。杜威以手工训练取代语言学习，开启了进步主义教育改革。从心理学层面看，手工训练解放了儿童的自然力量，让儿童恢复积极的行动力。从社会学层面看，手工训练实现了“去社会的社会化”，让个体沿着特定的社会方向成长。而在更普遍的意义上，手工训练充当了个体与文明之间的教育中介，为整全人格的塑造和现代公民教育奠定了坚实基础。对于手工训练的解读，有助于我们更加深入地理解杜威的教育思想与现实关怀，同时反思中国当前的教育状况与课程改革。 相似文献
6.
Atli Harðarson 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2012,46(2):223-235
The dominant model of curriculum design in the last century assumed that school education could be organized around aims, defined primarily in terms of students' behaviour. The credentials of this model were questioned by, among others, Lawrence Stenhouse, who pointed out that education serves purposes that cannot be stated in terms of behavioural objectives. In this article, I offer support for Stenhouse's conclusion and go beyond it, showing that if education aims at critical understanding of its own value, then it is even more radically open‐ended than Stenhouse argued. My argument is based on two premises. One of them is that the reason why people disagree about what education involves is that they have less‐than‐perfect knowledge of what human characteristics are worth cultivating. This premise is supported by a theory of meaning advanced by Hilary Putnam. The other premise is that one of the aims of education is intellectual independence. From these premises, I conclude that a successful course of education serves purposes that cannot be completely stated in advance. 相似文献
7.
社会民主与学校重建的关系是杜威教育思想中的一个核心主题。工业革命以及随之引起的在科技、交通、政治、经济、文化等社会诸领域的全面变革,对美国民主构成了严峻挑战。从哲学高度,深入反思学校如何重建和变革,以在美国社会的民主进程中扮演更为积极、有为的角色,成为一个重大而紧迫的时代课题。杜威从教育的角度,重构了民主概念,主张学校应超越旧个人主义的狭隘性,通过主动作业培养未来公民的民主意识和社会精神。20世纪20年代前后,杜威的教育思想发生转向,对制度化教育在社会民主进程中的功能的有限性的认识更为清晰,但终其一生,杜威都未曾放弃对学校重建问题的关心。杜威有关民主和学校重建关系问题的思想十分深刻,超越了杰斐逊和贺拉斯·曼等前人,影响了克伯屈和拉格等社会改造主义教育家。在美国教育史中,杜威是一位继往开来的大师。 相似文献
8.
仇虹豪 《上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2010,(4):26-29
杜威经典的的教育哲学思想,“学校即社会”、“教育即生活”、“儿童中心论”以及“从做中学”是基础教育改革需借鉴的宝贵财富。文章在阐述杜威教育哲学思想的基础上,作者认为当代差异教学思想的核心内涵是学生之间的不同差异,即作为教学活动起点的学生之间的基础性差异,作为教学活动终点或目标的学生之间的目标性差异,以及作为学生发展主要推动力量的学生之间的课堂活动性差异。同时,提出“自主选择、差异共享、动态生成性”是当前差异教学的主要特征。 相似文献
9.
Flexible pedagogies [Ryan and Tilbury 2013. Flexible Pedagogies: New Pedagogical Ideas. York: Higher Education Academy] place learner empowerment at the centre of curriculum development. Learner empowerment requires students to feel that they belong and are active in the learning process. This paper illuminates how, through the adoption of flexible pedagogies, belonging and trust were created in a cohort of 52 international postgraduate students, and the impact that this had on student learning. A qualitative interpretative approach captures students’ perceptions of aspects of curriculum design and delivery that aided their transition, promoted belonging, and empowered them as learners, leading to transformational change. This paper uses Ryan and Tilbury’s Flexible Pedagogies Framework [2013. Flexible Pedagogies: New Pedagogical Ideas. York: Higher Education Academy] to exemplify practice and discuss principles for curriculum design. Themes include; learner empowerment, future-facing education, decolonising education, crossing boundaries, transformational capabilities, and social learning. Recommendations highlight the need to challenge institutional constraints, employ creative teaching practices, embed assessment that promotes reflective practice, and create belonging through social learning. 相似文献
10.
AbstractAgency, understood as the capacity to act independently and to make one’s own choices, is considered central to children’s development. Thus, education, and hence education curricula, have a role in the development of learner agency. While curriculum development is a key focus for educational theory, research, policy, and classroom practice, the potential implications of curriculum content selections for learner agency remain underexplored. Theoretically, this paper engages with critical realism, explaining how it can provide theoretical foundation for a more comprehensive view of learner agency and, by implication, more balanced curricula. Empirically, the paper draws on the findings from a content analysis of the national curriculum documents of four countries with relatively high scores in international comparative tables, England, Australia, Hong-Kong, and Canada, to develop a new typology of primary curricula. Based on the extent of emphasis placed on knowledge versus skills, values, and attitudes, three types of curricula were identified: knowledge-based, skills-oriented, and learner-centred. Due to its significant theoretical and practical influence globally, we focus on the knowledge-based model and its likely impact on students’ agency. We conclude by highlighting the importance of making learner agency a key orientation of the curriculum and suggesting directions for future research. 相似文献
11.
杜威认为命题没有真值,它只是获得判断的工具,只能从命题与探究之间的关系来理解命题;罗素认为命题有内在的真值,并以此标准来考察杜威的命题理论。两人的分歧集中于对信念的诠释。杜威的命题取向应当引起关于逻辑学研究与教学分工的思考。 相似文献
12.
Ronald B. Meyers 《Environmental Education Research》2005,11(3):309-320
A critical review of the epistemological foundations of free‐choice learning (FCL) theory was undertaken to evaluate how this theory treats knowledge, whatever importance we might attach to it. It is argued here that free‐choice learning has great promise yet would benefit from theoretical adjustments that modify Vygotsky’s learning theory by using Dewey’s pragmatic epistemological theories. It is suggested that the concept of intramental knowledge in free‐choice learning needs to be grounded on Dewey’s pragmatic conceptions of knowledge, in order to valorise the learner’s own knowledge, and their volitional activity in choosing their beliefs, and to provide a more robust foundation for the conceptualization of knowledge. It is further argued that the notion of intermental knowledge needs significant adjustment, as it seems implausible that knowledge actually exists between people. However, in order to keep the focus of free‐choice learning on the importance of social exchanges in learner construction of knowledge, Dewey’s compatible notion of the importance of the learning exchange is proposed as a substitute for intermental knowledge. It is also suggested that there is a need for additional guidance to educators on how most effectively and sensitively to mediate learner values and interests, given that educators working with learners have interests, aims, and values of their own. I suggest a solution based on pragmatic epistemological and learning theories. 相似文献
13.
鲍东明 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2022,(6):129-132
目前在教育实践中对教学领导力的认识还存在理念不清、内涵不明的情况。通过对以美、英为主的国外教学领导力研究文献梳理,从教学领导力内涵建构与演进角度深入认识其内在机理,厘清其将目标从单一的校长个体中解放开来,逐渐关注到不同层级领导者在教学领导力中的聚合作用,强调教学领导力的监督功能和教学领导力中不同因素、人员之间交互作用的聚合价值。基于对教学领导力内涵和概念框架的理解,梳理其对校长发展与教师、学生、课程改革实践建构的价值,提出教学领导力的实施与发展取向,有助于人们全面客观地看待教育的发展和实践方向,助力于中国的教育教学变革。 相似文献
14.
李小丽 《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012,39(3):250-253
美国哲学家、教育家社威提出了“教育即生活”“学校即社会”和“从做中学”的实用主义教育观点.陶行知立足于中国国情和所处的社会时代背景,批判地吸收并发展了杜威的教育思想,提出“生活即教育”“社会即学校”和“教学做合一”等一系列更符合中国实际的生活教育理论.两者的教育思想既有紧密联系,又有明显区别,并具有现实的启示作用. 相似文献
15.
Ruyu Hung 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(10):1130-1142
This article takes Vandenberg’s critique of Ream and Ream’s view on the Deweyan learning environment as a departing point to explore the educational meaning of place. The divergence between Vandenberg and the Reams reminds us that the place is not merely a physical site for learners to be located in but also a horizon to be engaged with. Vandenberg and the Reams provide readers with inspirational understandings of Dewey in different aspects. Yet they both seem to give little attention to the point implied in Dewey’s view that learning is a process of existential—embodied and affective—engaging with the place. Drawing on the philosophy of Merleau-Ponty, this article aims to retrieve and to highlight the significance of existential engagement of place as an element in the Deweyan process of learning. 相似文献
16.
Malcolm Thorburn 《牛津教育评论》2017,43(2):242-254
Interest in progressive education ideas has often been accompanied by advocacy for greater use of interdisciplinary and holistic learning approaches, as these are considered beneficial in conceptual, curriculum, and pedagogical terms. The paper reviews the possibilities for progress on this basis and contextualises the paper around three concurrent watershed moments in Scottish education: the end of the five-year programme implementation phase of a Curriculum for Excellence; the half-century anniversary of comprehensive schooling (1965–2015); and the centennial anniversary of the publication of Democracy in Education by John Dewey. Following a brief outlining of the Scottish policy context, the paper analyses the influence of Dewey on conceptions of curriculum integration and interdisciplinary learning and their connections with curriculum planning, effective pedagogical practices, and whole school reforms. Analysis describes the areas of conceptual clarity required and reviews how exactly versions of interdisciplinary learning might operate in practice. It is argued that the learner-led ideals championed by Dewey can still provide guidance and traction to help ensure that policy and practice gains are more than modest and variable. However, progress is likely to be greatest if school organisational changes accompany alterations to the curriculum and pedagogical culture in schools. 相似文献
17.
Recent research on Civic and Ethical Education (CEE) in Ethiopia has revealed a need for improvement in a number of areas with regard to the current CEE curricula. These materials are currently oriented to a conservative form of civic education than on citizenship education, whose aims are more progressive. The essential problem identified in the present study is that CEE content does not match the Ethiopian Ministry of Education’s stated goals for CEE, including the promotion of global citizenship. An inductive method was used to categorize themes found in the CEE curricula and textbook, which were analyzed with reference to Tawil’s (2013) framework for education for global citizenship. A concept in textual analysis known as ‘internal critique’ was also utilized to identify inconsistencies in the materials between the stated aims of the CEE program and the textbook content itself. The analysis revealed three main characteristics of the CEE textbooks, namely, an emphasis on sovereignty, patriotism, and responsibility; ambivalence to Ethiopia’s independence from/dependence on wealthier nations, and abstraction in CEE content. This content does only partially match the Ethiopian government’s stated aims for CEE. The findings of this study suggest that the content of the ethical dimension of Ethiopia’s CEE curriculum could be greatly improved through the inclusion of content that reflects an emphasis on citizenship education. Such an approach is more progressive than civic education and promotes a more learner-centered and critical orientation to ethical issues on the part of students within the framework of Global Citizenship Education (GCE). 相似文献
18.
This paper aims to explore and develop a theoretical approach for children’s rights research in education formed through an encounter between the sociology of childhood and John Dewey’s educational theory. The interest is mainly methodological, in the sense that the primary ambition of the investigation is to suggest a fruitful and useful theoretical base for formulating research problems and undertaking research in children’s rights in education. The paper argues that, particularly in educational settings, research into children’s rights can and must be attributed to children both as full-status humans in a socio-politically contextual present, and as continually growing and changing, immature and dependent humans. From the theoretical encounter suggested in the paper, the much-used distinction of the child as either ‘being’ or ‘becoming’ can be reconsidered, and another point of departure for the study of children’s rights issues in education can be discerned. 相似文献
19.
杨天霞 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2011,30(12):46-47,53
杜威和蒙台梭利作为20世纪前半期著名的教育家,都非常重视儿童教育。他们都在批判传统教育的基础上提出了自己的观点。他们都认为教师是引导者,强调教师要尊重儿童的天性。但杜威体现的是"教育即生活"的思想,而蒙台梭利体现的是"生活即教育"的理念。 相似文献
20.
Gert Biesta 《课程研究杂志》2013,45(1):13-16
This is the second of four essays discussing John Dewey's short essay, ‘Education as engineering’. Dewey's views are remarkably timely against the background of recent discussions about the role of evidence in educational practice and a call for research that tells us ‘what works’. Dewey's view is nuanced and helps one to see what one should and should not expect from an engineering approach to education. However, Dewey pays little attention to the role of normative judgement in engineering and does not address the question of whether engineering in education might be fundamentally different from engineering in other domains. This paper provides some suggestions for how one may want to articulate this difference and argues that it is important to bear in mind that there are differences between the building of bridges and the ‘building’ of human beings. 相似文献