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1.
教育元评估是推进教育评估专业化发展的重要路径,对于实践层面教育评估活动的元评估而言,其核心要素是制订教育元评估指标。文章指出教育元评估指标的制订应遵循合目的性、科学性和可行性原则,借助理论推演、因素分解和Delphi法等方法,按照规范的流程在教育评估领域专家的指导下进行。文章还借鉴了美国教育评估标准的逻辑架构,并结合我国教育评估实践的经验,提出一套适合我国国情的教育元评估指标体系,相关的实践探索将为教育元评估的实践提供依据,也为建立我国教育评估行业规范和专业标准提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
2.
Higher education in many countries has been influenced by major factors of change due to globalization and reinforced by the development of internationalization, competition, new and different social demands, strategic importance of higher education as a business, etc. As a result of a tremendous growth in the number of students, higher education is moving towards 'mass studies'; in many cases, this is not coupled with proportional increases in expenditure on education, thus lowering the quality of education. Many countries are trying to solve this problem by developing two sectors of higher education, which may be called 'university sector' and 'vocational/non-university sector'. While the mission of the university sector is to educate intellectual élites, higher vocational education schools should, in principle, offer mass education at the undergraduate/first-stage level. Both types of higher education institutions are needed, and thus one could not speak of any subordination of one sector to another. In 1997 the Polish Parliament passed the Act on Vocational Higher Schools. The Act served as the basis for the establishment of the Accreditation Commission for Vocational Higher Schools, which has the task of laying down educational standards and defined conditions which should be met in order to establish and provide courses in specific vocational specialization as well as staff requirements for such specialization. Furthermore, standards were introduced for teaching facilities and curriculum contents. During the 3 years since the introduction of the Act, 16 public higher vocational education schools and 44 non-public higher vocational schools have been established. 相似文献
3.
在“中国式”分权背景下，地方政府对本地教育财政投入激励不足。如何发挥地方人大的预决算审查监督职能、构建有效约束机制来提高地方政府教育支出水平，对我国教育事业长远发展具有重大意义。本文以我国各地区推动预算监督法制化为制度背景，以1999—2017年间各省份预算审查监督条例立法作为准自然实验，使用双重差分法研究通过立法加强地方人大预算监督如何影响地方政府教育支出。研究发现：（1）省级预算监督条例立法能够显著增加地方政府的教育财政支出，使教育支出在财政预算支出中的比重平均上升约一个百分点，使地方教育支出占GDP的比重显著提高；（2）异质性分析显示预算监督条例立法对地方政府教育投入的促进作用主要体现在基础教育和中等教育层面，并且在财政分权程度更高或地方主政官员缺乏中央工作经历的地区更加显著。本文的研究表明，推动财政监督法制化是构建现代教育财政治理体系的重要制度基础，强化地方人大预算监督是确保地方教育支出持续稳定增长的有效制度保障。 相似文献
4.
David Hartley 《International Studies in Sociology of Education》2013,23(2):113-131
Teacher education is set within countervailing influences. On the one hand, governments seek to minimise their expenditure on the welfare state as they make their national economies competitive within global markets. This is associated with a centralising tendency which is typified by an increasing standardisation of the means and ends of education, including teacher education, especially in England. On the other hand, consumer culture, social fragmentation and intellectual ferment all combine to exert centripetal influences on teacher education. In England, the government's reaffirmation of a highly bureaucratic modernist structure for teacher education can itself be questioned on economic grounds. The emerging knowledge-based, high-value 'new' economy is ill-served by thinly-disguised Taylorist management regimes which impose conformity and engender low levels of trust. Nor will a back-to-basics pedagogy resonate with young people whose affinity for a conformist Protestant ethic may be wearing increasingly thin. The argument is theorized using Toulmin's concept of modernity. 相似文献
5.
Patricia Broadfoot 《比较教育学》2000,36(3):357-371
During the 19th and 20th centuries modern Western education systems have become so globally embedded that alternative forms of educational provision-and goals-have become almost inconceivable. The article argues the likely need for a substantial reconceptualisation in the content, organisation and evaluation of contemporary education systems in response to the profound changes currently impacting on society. Comparative education, it is argued, has a unique capacity 'to make the familiar strange' but so far, despite the advent of exciting new methodologies and the rapidly increasing prominence of comparative studies as a tool for policy-making, comparative education has largely worked within the conventional 'delivery model' conception of education. By so doing, it has arguably helped to reinforce the status quo. Thus the second half of the article offers a prospective vision for the mode, purpose and context of comparative education studies which is in tune with the emerging new educational aspirations of the 21st century and the acknowledged shortcomings of conventional forms of educational provision. Such a 'neo-comparative education', it is argued, would focus on learning and its relationship with culture; would become perhaps better conceptualised as Wa 'comparative learnology' as the means of understanding how individuals can be encouraged to engage successfully with the many new forms of learning opportunity that are likely to characterise the third millennium. 相似文献
6.
This paper explores Basil Bernstein's insights into education and social class, and in particular the relevance of his work for understanding the British middle class. Bernstein is one of the few sociologists of education to recognise and explore differences and tensions within the middle class. We begin by exploring some of the influences of Bernstein's theorisation of social class in general, and outline his main ideas on the relationship between the middle class and education in particular. We then examine the relevance of his work for research on education and middle-class differentiation through drawing on data from our 'Destined for Success' project. This project traced the educational biographies of 300 young men and women from the beginning of their promising educational secondary school career to their mid-twenties. We argue that the distinctive dispositions and orientations of the 'new' and 'old' middle class proposed by Bernstein are evident within parental preferences for types of school, processes of student engagement and, ultimately, differentiated middle-class identities. 相似文献
7.
Gillian L. S. Hilton 《Sex education》2013,13(1):31-41
Sex education is a contentious issue. Recently debates in the UK have tended to concentrate on the need to reduce teenage pregnancy rates and on the 'promotion of homosexuality'. This article examines the issues that need to be addressed if boys are to receive the sex education they require. These issues include the characteristics and gender of the teacher needed; methodologies to which boys will respond; the perception of boys as problems in school; the content of sex education programmes, the need for separate classes and the ongoing concern of boys' literacy standards. Added to these are issues such as homosexuality and pornography, areas which are avoided in many schools. The culture related to boys' attitudes to education in general and sex education in particular are examined. The author calls for a change in approach and attitude by government in order to achieve the desired lowering of teenage pregnancy rates and for the adoption of a more positive attitude to sex education by government, parents and teachers. 相似文献
8.
Geoff Teece 《British Journal of Religious Education》2005,27(1):29-40
This paper discusses aspects of Andrew Wright's version of a liberal, critical religious education and his criticisms of some other views of modern religious education. This is attempted not by examining these ‘other views’ as such but by concentrating on the work of John Hick. The reason for this is that Wright, like Cooling (in his book A Christian Vision for State Education: Reflections on the Theology of Education) identifies Hick as a significant influence on forms of religious education to which he objects. In a number of his writings Wright identifies Hick's work as an example of universal theology informed by romanticism. This runs counter to a comprehensive reading of Hick, and to Hick's own account of his work. Hick, like Wright, is a critical realist but by identifying Hick as a romantic, Wright is in danger of not only polarising views on religious education but also closing down a debate to which Hick's work has much to contribute. The latter part of the paper illustrates how a nuanced understanding of Hick's religious pluralism can make a contribution to discussions about critical religious education. 相似文献
9.
《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(5-6):99-111
Higher education is one of the most crucial indicators for national overall competitiveness. But the issue of education equity has remained a concern throughout the world. Many studies in Taiwan show that family income, parents' education level, and place of origin impact children's higher education enrollment opportunities. This paper analyzes the question of education equity during Taiwan's higher education massification process, based on equity from the start, during the process, and in the outcome. The research findings indicate that the education equity issue remains the same in Taiwan as higher education expands. The author further concludes three possible solutions for equity assurance: to enforce positive differential treatment among different social groups to reduce the impact of background inequality, to encourage beneficiaries of higher education, including individuals and businesses, to share educational expenses, and to increase linkage between university and job market. 相似文献
10.
Michael A. Peters 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2003,1(2):153-168
Higher education has become the new star ship in the policy fleet for governments around the world. The public policy focus on higher education, in part, reflects a growing consensus in macroeconomics of 'new growth' or 'endogenous growth' theory, based on the work of Solow, Lucas and Romer that argues that the driving force behind economic growth is technological change (i.e. improvements in knowledge about how we transform inputs into outputs in the production process). Knowledge about technology and levels of information flow are now considered critical for economic development and can account for differential growth patterns. In short, universities are seen to be a key driver towards the knowledge economy. Accordingly, higher education institutions have been encouraged to develop links with industry and business in a series of new venture partnerships. This emphasis in higher education policy also accords with initiatives to promote greater entrepreneurial skills and activity within so-called national systems of innovation. This paper focuses upon the economic importance of higher education as a key component of the knowledge economy. It discusses the genealogy and contributing strands to the newly emerging discourse and considers universities in the knowledge-driven economy by reference to the UK White Paper Our Competitive Future. It also considers the arguments advanced by Joseph Stiglitz (ex-Chief Economist of the World Bank) for the 'analytics of the knowledge economy' and discusses universities in terms of 'knowledge cultures'. Finally, the paper provides a critique of the policy discourse of the knowledge economy as a basis of the new challenges facing universities under knowledge capitalism. 相似文献
11.
The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) claims that behaviour can be predicted by behavioural intention and perceived behavioural control, while behavioural intention is a function of attitude towards the behaviour, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control. This study aims at providing explanation and prediction of teachers' inclusive education intentions and behaviour under TPB. The main components of TPB were implemented in a survey of 841 teachers from Hong Kong schools in the context of inclusive education. The structural equation modelling results show that TPB fitted the data well (χ2/df?=?2.84; RMSEA?=?0.054; GFI?=?0.92; CFI?=?0.92; and TLI?=?0.91). Identified attributes, including teachers' attitude towards inclusive education, feeling social pressure from important others to carry out inclusive education, and confidence on professional training for involved staff, were found to exert significant predictive power on teachers' intention to implement inclusive education. This intention, together with the confidence on professional training for involved staff, predicts their actual inclusive practice. Teachers' perception of social pressure and adequacy of professional training greatly contribute to predict their intention and behaviour towards inclusive education, respectively. TPB appears to be a sound theoretical framework for understanding teachers' inclusive practice. The results have strong implications for teacher empowerment and professional training in inclusive education. 相似文献
12.
铂金斯系列法案是美国联邦规制职业教育的重要法律。法案的最新修订主要集中在职业教育项目设计与参与、项目质量控制、资金拨付与问责三大方面。法案以衔接协议为核心，强化中等、高等职业教育衔接，多途径加强项目质量控制，明确资金使用方案并加强监管问责。其中，提升职业教育项目吸引力是基础，加强项目质量控制是核心，严格资金使用与问责是关键。法案修订所映射出的纵向上加强过程管理、提升中高职间衔接的顺畅性，横向上多部门法协同运作、综合规制的大职业教育观对完善我国职业教育法律治理体系具有启示意义。 相似文献
13.
Jürgen Oelkers 《课程研究杂志》2013,45(6):679-698
The concept of 'modern education' is directly connected with Rousseau's theory of education. It is often said that Rousseau 'founded' modern education, or at least was its most influential predecessor. The paper argues that 'modern learning' or 'experimental education' was discussed within the late-17 th century 'quarrel of the ancients and moderns'. After this historically important debate, education and learning could be connected with the open experience of modern science. When compared to this tradition, Rousseau was not a modern writer. His concept of education has been far too paradoxical to serve as a groundwork for what was considered to be 'modern' or 'progressive education' at the end of the 19 th century. The image of progressive education was strengthened by child psychology, especially by theories of learning and development. Rousseau's stoic concept of 'negative education' is in many respects the opposite to such a viewpoint. 相似文献
14.
ROBERT COWEN 《比较教育学》1996,32(2):151-170
Comparative education, as a university field of study, has been late in addressing issues of post-modernity. The first argument, through an analysis of the history of comparative education, indicates why this is so. The second argument, construed through ideal-typical models of 'modern' and 'late-modern' educational systems, suggests one way to think about changing patterns of formal education in a globalising world. The third argument, notably through a stress on 'transitology', identifies some difficulties in such an ideal-typical approach. The conclusion suggests that we should recover some of our less publicised ways of thinking comparatively and sketches a contemporary research agenda that might assist both specialists and non-specialists to work together on a 'new' comparative education. 相似文献
15.
提升教育服务于经济高质量发展和产业升级的能力，既是教育内涵式发展的重要内容和根本要求，也是提升教育治理能力现代化的主要路径。通过分析高端人才在中国制造业向全球价值链中高端攀升的贡献及实现路径发现：高等教育通过培育高质量人才，显著促进了中国制造业全球价值链的升级；高等教育显著促进了中低技术、高技术行业以及资本、技术密集型行业价值链攀升，同时理工科领域以及经管法领域的高等教育人才在价值链攀升中贡献较为突出；高等教育可以通过促进技术进步这一路径对价值链向中高端攀升产生正面影响。本研究证实了高等教育对中国产业全球价值链升级的贡献，对未来优化高等教育层级、类型和专业结构，完善人才培养规格，具有一定的决策参考价值。 相似文献
16.
In this paper we map out the debate concerning a new mandate for European education policy based on recent socio-economic, political and educational developments, seen from the perspective of educational researchers located on the European (semi)periphery. The first part of the paper looks at the category 'preparation for the labour market', while the second part concerns itself with the category 'citizenship'. With regard to the former, it is argued that a new mandate for European education policy finds itself inextricably linked to the new education mandate of the new middle class, in a setting of globalisation and, closer to home, European construction. The latter attempts to conceptualise the emergence of new forms of citizenship at a time when the modern social contract suffers a process of transformation (or, what we term, reconfiguration). Based on the distinction between 'attributed citizenship' and 'demanded citizenship', we analyse changes taking place in state regulation as well as explore some of their implications for schooling. 相似文献
17.
全面实施依法治国和推进依法治教要求完善教育法治建设。新颁布的《民法典》丰富了我国的立法实践,以法典化引领教育立法为我国教育法提供了新的立法思路。教育法的法典化是针对教育领域内所有法律关系而制定一部具有基础性和权威性的《教育法典》。编纂《教育法典》应当加强全国人大的主导性,发展“一揽子修法”的立法思路,并参考借鉴域外教育法典的有益经验,探索编纂适合中国国情和实际的《教育法典》。此外,编纂《教育法典》需要加强关于立法原则、法典设计价值、法典编纂技术、法典体例编排、法典与其他法律和国际规范的衔接的理论研究。 相似文献
18.
Mervyn Romans 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2004,23(3):270-277
There is a ‘dominant’ history of art and design education in Britain. This has been established by five books published in the 1960s and 1970s. They are Quentin Bell's The Schools of Design (1963), Gordon Sutton's Artisan or Artist?(1967), Richard Carline's Draw They Must(1968), Stuart Macdonald's The History and Philosophy of Art Education (1970), and Clive Ashwin's Art Education: Documents and Policies 1768–1975 (1975). They all offer a substantially corroborative account of the history of art and design education based on their predecessor. This is particularly evident in their explanation of the origin of public art and design education in Britain in the early nineteenth century. After a gap of thirty years Stuart Macdonald's book is to be republished. The news is a cause for celebration but also for concern, in that its reappearance may well further entrench the dominance of the collective voice of these five books. In an attempt to keep historical research alive and kicking in the field of art and design education, this article challenges the explanation offered by these authors for the introduction of public art and design education in the 1830s. 相似文献
19.
负担和竞争是义务教育的正常现象,而负担过重和过度竞争才是要解决的真问题。其根本原因,一方面在于教育具有产品标准化、信息不对称等易引发过度竞争的一般特征,另一方面在于教育具有公共资源的属性。由国家承担主要的教育成本且资源分布不均,促使个体通过牺牲式教育抢占更多公共教育资源以实现个人利益最大化,却导致国家集体利益的损失。其直接原因在于,代理人缺乏对儿童健康成长的认识,把额外争取到的公共教育资源视为牺牲式教育的补偿,而且为防止孩子年龄增长导致的控制能力减弱,代理人更加倾向于在儿童学业初期就施加过重的负担以“打好基础”。“双减”政策与《家庭教育促进法》可以全空间约束过度教育竞争,但也随之产生了约束有效性和约束成本的问题,需要进一步提高学校教育的质量,防止“双减”政策产生限制竞争却抑制发展的效果。 相似文献
20.
Guoping Zhao 《Educational theory》2012,62(6):659-675
The current educational discourse on Emmanuel Levinas's concept of subjectivity has focused on the pure openness and subjection of the self to the other. Based on such an understanding, some educational theorists hold that Levinas's work has given us new hope for the mission of education, while others deny its relevance. I suggest that this interpretation of Levinas has missed the complete structure of his account of subjectivity, and, as a result, a full appreciation of its potential for education is yet to be realized. Offering a different account of Levinas's subjectivity, I join Gert Biesta and Sharon Todd in seeing Levinas as essentially important in providing new inspiration, a new way out of both the humanist trap of a fixed essence, where education inevitably becomes socialization, and the posthumanist impasse, where education loses its ground and its orientation. Levinas's subjectivity has made it possible for us to forge a pedagogy that is different from socialization and interruption — a pedagogy of becoming — and allows a genuine educational mission of subjectification, albeit toward a new, much different subjectivity. 相似文献