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1.
全球化背景下高等教育公私属性的思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用萨缪尔森的产品概念来界定高等教育产品的公私属性,并以此来分析高等教育的全球性、浮现的世界市场和全球公共产品,那么以是否国有来界定高等教育产品的属性就行不通了.若从社会特性来区分产品的公私属性,那么全球的高等教育产品只能分为非排他性和非竞争性两类.由于公共产品往往在市场上生产不足,所以,充分认识高等教育私有产品在世界市场上的内在属性有现实意义. 相似文献
2.
Simon Marginson 《Higher Education Quarterly》2011,65(4):411-433
Policy debate about whether to maintain public subsidies for higher education has stimulated reconsideration of the public mission of higher education institutions, especially those that provide student places conferring private benefits. If the work of higher education institutions is defined simply as the aggregation of private interests, this evaporates the rationale for higher education institutions as distinctive social foundations with multiple public and private roles. The private benefits could be produced elsewhere. If that is all there is to higher education institutions, they could follow the Tudor monasteries into oblivion. But what is ‘public’ in higher education institutions? What could be ‘public’? What should be ‘public’? The paper reviews the main notions of ‘public’ (public goods in economics, public understood as collective good and Habermas' public sphere) noting the contested and politicised environment in which notions of ‘public’ must find purchase. A turn to global public goods offers the most promising strategy for re‐grounding the ‘public’ character of higher education. 相似文献
3.
Beginning by analyzing the major qualitative and quantitative changes in higher education around the world, this article examines
international trends in their financial implications. It then demonstrates the state’s inability to bear the entire rising
financial burden, and explores the role of self-financing, and of the non-profit and for-profit private sectors, in sharing
the enrolment and the cost burden. Examples of cost-sharing from around the world are given, with an analysis of the complexities
and ambiguities of the meanings of public and private in reference to financing higher educational institutions. A discussion of private–public partnerships follows, and of the
role that non-profit and for-profit cross-border higher education plays in financing. The conclusion offers eight policy themes
for coping with the underlying situation of financial strategy and the simultaneous need to supplement scarce public revenues
with private revenues, meanwhile increasing access to and participation in higher education for those not yet benefiting from
it. 相似文献
4.
Dynamics of National and Global Competition in Higher Education 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Simon Marginson 《Higher Education》2006,52(1):1-39
The paper explores the dynamics of competition in higher education. National competition and global competition are distinct,
but feed into each other. Higher education produces ‘positional goods’ (Hirsch 1976) that provide access to social prestige
and income-earning. Research universities aim to maximise their status as producers of positional goods. This status is a
function of student selectivity plus research performance. At system-level competition bifurcates between exclusivist elite
institutions that produce highly value positional goods, where demand always exceeds supply and expansion is constrained to
maximise status; and mass institutions (profit and non-profit) characterised by place-filling and expansion. Intermediate
universities are differentiated between these poles. In global competition, the networked open information environment has
facilitated (1) the emergence of a world-wide positional market of elite US/UK universities; and (2) the rapid development
of a commercial mass market led by UK and Australian universities. Global competition is vectored by research capacity. This
is dominated by English language, especially US universities, contributing to the pattern of asymmetrical resources and one-way
global flows. The paper uses Australia as its example of system segmentation and global/national interface. It closes by reflecting
on a more balanced global distribution of capacity. 相似文献
5.
公共经济视野下的高等教育产品 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据公共经济的分类,高等教育提供一部分纯公共产品,但主要提供准公共产品。纯公共产品是用于满足社会公共需要的产品和服务,准公共产品介于公共产品与私人产品之间。高等教育一方面具有公共产品受益的非排他性、效用的不可分割性和消费的非竞争性的特点;另一方面具有私人产品,可以买卖的商品性质,因此具有排他性、效用的可分割性和消费的竞争性特点;高等教育作为准公共产品,存在一系列经济和生产问题。 相似文献
6.
政府管制的两个限度与高等教育市场化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
高等教育接近于私人物品,但具有公共性;这种公共性为政府的管制奠定了合法性的基础.公共性与管理方式奠定了政府管理高等教育的两个限度.两个限度的实质是政府、市场、社会与高校间的权力分割、责任分担的界线问题.所谓市场化就是要解决界线问题.但仅有市场化是不够的,非政府组织的存在是解决权力分割与责任分担界线问题的必要准备.此外,高等教育市场化的要旨应在于实现公私之间、公立内部之间的充分竞争. 相似文献
7.
Carlo Salerno 《Higher Education》2004,48(1):101-130
A rich body of literature has emerged that seeks to shed further light on how concepts like globalization and internationalization shape higher education systems and their institutions. This paper examines how the rise of private higher education in various national contexts has engendered global patterns of public financial support for private institutions and particularly the various ways in which public funding is channeled to such providers. A cross-national typology of public/private higher education sectors and a system-level map of how public funding is directed to institutions are both used to explain why different patterns may emerge. This framework is then used to examine the policies and practices in four representative systems: England, Germany, New Zealand, and the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. The available evidence suggests that in systems with weak or newly emerging private sectors, unclear regulations and concerns about quality implies that public funding tends to be channeled into private institutions indirectly (e.g. through tax-abatements and student financial aid). In systems where private institutions play a more substantial role, public funding is channeled to privates using a mix of indirect and direct mechanisms. 相似文献
8.
曹夕多 《高等师范教育研究》2013,(6):6-12
从经济学角度来讲,教师教育作为服务类产品既包括直接产品,又包括间接产品。教师教育提供的直接产品主要指对学生和教师进行的教育和培训;间接产品主要指受教育者个人和全社会效用的增加。依据经济学的公共产品理论,教师教育属于准公共产品范畴,其中教师教育直接产品的属性偏向于私人产品,教师教育间接产品的属性偏向于公共产品。在教师教育的提供中,政府需要发挥主体责任。政府提供教师教育的方式主要是政府生产、政府购买和政府补贴。我国政府一直是教师教育的主体提供者,但其作用还需进一步加强和拓展。 相似文献
9.
In recent years, closing down private higher education institutions (HEIs) has become a serious problem in China. It seems
that doubt is cast on the rationality of private HEIs and severe competition contributes a lot to their development. Many
problems in the process of self-development are caused by both internal and external factors. From the perspective of sustainable
development and the healthy development of students, priority should be given to the evolution of an idea to provide a positive
environment for the development of private HEIs. This paper is an effort to deal with the statement that higher education
in China is a seller's market and aims to do an objective estimate of the development space for private HEIs. In addition,
it shows a clear understanding of establishing the prediction system for relevant issues of private higher education to guarantee
the sound development of private HEIs.
Translated from Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 高等教育研究 (Journal of Higher Education), 2006, (5): 46–53 相似文献
10.
Public and private sectors in higher education: A comparison of international patterns 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Roger L. Geiger 《Higher Education》1988,17(6):699-711
This paper seeks to extend understanding of the varying nature and varying forms of private higher education. Three basic structural divisions between private and public sectors of higher education are compared: mass private and restricted public sectors; parallel public and private sectors; and, comprehensive public and peripheral private sectors. The private sectors are then contrasted in terms of such functional characteristics as state authority, financial constraints and dominant orientation toward either academic goals, the student marketplace or external patrons. The highly diverse American private sector is viewed in this context. A consideration of mass private sectors then suggests that parameters of public policy are set by structurally derived characteristics of higher education systems.An earlier version of this paper was delivered to the Third International Seminar on Higher Education in Asia, sponsored by the Research Institute for Higher Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, January 28–29, 1987. This version has benefited from the comments of the Conference participants, as well as those of Paul DiMaggio. 相似文献
11.
Harvey A. Silverglate 《Academic Questions》2007,20(3):235-238
In weighing free speech versus harassment, university administrators and lawyers tend to exert controls more suitable for
commercial institutions, where the pursuit of truth is not preeminent. Harvey Silverglate cites examples of egregious restrictions
that went “poof” in the bright light of exposure to the public.
The papers that constitute this symposium are adapted from remarks delivered on 18 November 2006 in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
as part of NAS’s 12th general conference. The overall theme of the conference was “What Works in Higher Education Reform:
A Report from the Front.” The panelists in this symposium presented strategies for effecting reform of higher education through
legal mechanism and by airings before the general populace. 相似文献
12.
Francine Menashy 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2009,7(3):307-320
This paper addresses a growing literature on global public goods theory, in particular the use of this framework to promote the equitable provision of goods and social services, such as basic education, on an international scale. Due to a lack of research into this theory’s applicability to education, the author aims to discern how such a framework might be applied, and its possible policy implications, focusing on universal access initiatives and the debate on private provision of schooling. The paper further questions the appropriateness of using global public goods theory given certain critiques. 相似文献
13.
Four financial models of massification of higher education are discussed in this essay. They are American model, Western European
model, Southeast Asian and Latin American model and the transition countrie’s model. The comparison of the four models comes
to the conclusion that taking advantage of nongovernmental funding is fundamental to dealing with financial difficulty faced
by higher education. As a result, it can be argued that the declining of higher education quality does not necessarily have
to do with schooling system. On the contrary, the development of private higher education helps the activation mechanism of
competition so as to cultivate talents needed by the society.
__________
Translated from Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 高等教育研究 (Journal of Higher Education), 2007, 28(3): 1–8 相似文献
14.
《Higher Education in Europe》1977,2(6):12-14
We give below current information on higher education in Greece based on the report presented by Mrs. Lina Cantifaris, the Undersecretary of State for Higher Education of the Greek Ministry of Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs, during the 35th meeting of the Council of Europe's Committee for Higher Education and Research (CHER), which was held in Athens from 27 to 29 April 1977. (For a report on this meeting see page 3 in this issue). 相似文献
15.
Some proposals for change to the role of the catholic sector in the Australian school funding policy process 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Michael Furtado 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2006,33(3):55-90
This paper is set against a history of school funding policies in Australia that begins with the first public policy recognition
of the disadvantages experienced by government and non-government schools in the 1973 Schools in Australia (Karmel) Report.
The paper traces a history of school funding policy linking it with the current backlash against public education and retaliatory
backlash constructions of public schools as the new disadvantaged in an increasingly competitive and deregulated school funding
policy environment. These backlashes, argued to be against the indiscriminate funding of independent schools policy by several
protagonists of public education, are framed in terms equivalent to what Lingard and Douglas (1999) have called ‘recuperative’
politics. From the kind of recuperative statist politics considered in this paper, construing the backlash effects of public
and private schools as damaging and unproductive as those emerging from the gender wars in education policy, I propose a move
to an Australian school funding arrangement in which all schools, both public and private, are integrated into one deregulated
and equally funded sector, as typify diverse school provisions in several OECD polities (Caldwell 2004, FitzGerald 2004).While
briefly tracing a school funding policy chronology, this paper also concentrates on the current policy moment in relation
to school funding, that signals the end of distinctive public and private education sectors, and in the context of which it
argues that private schools should be funded equally to state schools, a trend in evidence since 1996. The focus on the current
policy moment entails an abbreviated analysis of the Fitzgerald Report (‘Governments Working Together: A Better Future for
All Australians’ 2004), which makes a number of recommendations to the Victorian and other governments in relation to the
public funding of all Australian schools1. The paper addresses the impact of this trend especially on the funding of Australian Catholic schools. 相似文献
16.
Morshidi Bin Sirat 《Higher Education》2010,59(4):461-473
In Malaysia, the national government has seen fit to steer higher education policy in a direction that is in the ‘national
interest’. This notion of ‘national interest’ is best exemplified by the changing relationship between the State, higher education
institutions and the market. Since the late 1960s, we saw the gradual but steady erosion of university autonomy with the increasing
dominance of the State. The recently launched National Higher Education Strategic Plan 2020 and the National Higher Education
Action Plan, 2007–2010, which operationalised the Strategic Plan, promises greater autonomy for the universities. While this
increased autonomy for universities could be regarded as Malaysia’s response to deal with emerging issues in higher education
management and governance, the amendments to the University and University Colleges Act, 1995 have not resolved the issue
of wider autonomy from the Malaysian treasury regulations for public universities. For the State, in the present climate of
political and economic uncertainty, giving full autonomy to the public universities is seen to be inappropriate and untimely.
The State considers public universities as still heavily dependent on the State for resources, and thus the need for regulation
and supervision. 相似文献
17.
Daniel Levy 《欧洲教育》2014,46(3):7-30
With the fall of communism in 1989, Eastern and Central Europe would quickly become part of an already strong global tide of privatization in higher education. Nowhere else did private higher education rise so suddenly or strongly from virtual nonexistence to a major regional presence. A fresh database allows us to analyze the extent and dimensions of that presence, including various national and subregional quantitative dimensions. Yet the private sector is strongly challenged on several fronts, including paradoxically by the public sector’s own partial privatization, sometimes closely linked to the private-sector growth. Nonetheless, private higher education has continued to grow thus far into the new century, with shifting national and subregional patterns. Higher education privatization remains a noteworthy reality in Eastern and Central Europe but it is an evolving reality. 相似文献
18.
Andrés Bernasconi 《Higher Education》2006,52(2):303-342
The expansion of private sectors of higher education has usually been regarded as a factor of diversification in higher education
systems. Some of this differentiation has been found to arise from the affiliation of private institutions with organizations
outside the field of higher education. This article reports the results of a study of this form of interorganizational relationship
in private universities in Chile. Cases include universities founded or sponsored by religious, business and military organizations.
A typology of private universities is proposed, on the basis of the forms affiliation (or its absence), was observed to take
in the cases examined. Weak and strong forms of affiliation are described, and affiliated universities are compared to “proprietary”
universities, i.e., those owned by individuals who govern them from their positions in the board of directors, and “independent”
universities, in which governance lies with internal – academic or administrative – constituents. Albeit derived from the
case of Chile, the typology could be applied to the analysis of private higher education in other national systems. The second
part of the article seeks to ascertain whether affiliation operates as a source of differentiation in Chilean private higher
education. Results show that, compared to the other types of private universities, the affiliated ones possess distinctive
mission statements and declarations of principles, consistent with the orientations of their sponsor institutions, they tend
to be smaller, and to have more full-time and better qualified faculty. Some receive financial support from their sponsor
organization or its members. Distinctiveness was not found in indicators of prestige and student selectivity, nor in tuition
levels, program offerings, curriculum design, the weight of research and graduate programs in their functions, student socioeconomic
profile, and faculty involvement in governance. This is not to say that there are no differences in these dimensions among
private universities: much diversity exists, but most of it cuts across all categories of interest for our study. Overall,
affiliation does not appear to be a strong factor behind the diversification that exists in the Chilean private university
sector. 相似文献
19.
Do Costs Differ Between For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Producers of Higher Education? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In theory, not-for-profit organizations will be characterized by higher production costs per unit of output than for-profit producers of otherwise-identical goods/services, since profit maximization implies cost minimization per unit of output; breaking even does not imply cost minimization and, indeed, may imply inflated costs. We explore the empirical validity of this hypothesis in the context of higher education. Using 1996 data, we estimate multiproduct cost functions for 1,450 public, 1,316 private, not-for-profit, and 176 private, for-profit institutions of higher education in the United States. We fail to find a statistically significant difference between for-profit and not-for-profit private providers, but do find a statistically significant difference between private, not-for-profit institutions and public institutions. 相似文献
20.
公私合作伙伴关系产生于新公共管理浪潮,该关系致力于充分发挥公共部门与私营部门的优势,从而提高公共产品服务的质量与效率。作为准公共产品服务,我国民办高等教育领域已经出现了公私合作伙伴关系的多种形式,主要表现在产权、融资和运营三个方面。随着我国政府公共服务职能的日益凸显,公私合作伙伴关系对破解我国民办高等教育发展中的难题,乃至探索高等教育发展的第三条道路,均将发挥积极作用。 相似文献