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1.
The aim of this research is to characterize the development of fatigue damage by means of stress-strain hysteresis. Experiments were conducted on 14 specimens made of cold-finished unannealed AISI 1018 steel. Results demonstrate that the mechanical hysteresis loop areas, when plotted as a function of the number of loading cycles, show significant variations and demonstrate the three principal stages concerning the progress of the fatigue failure--initial accommodation, accretion of damage and terminal failure. These three stages of fatigue are marked by the transitions at cycles N2 and N3. Experimental results show that although fatigue life Nf ranges from 2644 cycles to 108 992 cycles, the ratios of N2/Nf and N3/Nf tend to be stable: N2/Nf=I 0.7%, N3/Nf=91.3%. 相似文献
2.
5-羟甲基糠醛是一种重要的生物质平台化合物,可以通过炭水化合物的脱水制备.制备了具有磺酸基的炭质固体酸催化剂,并研究制备方法,反应条件对果糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛的影响.通过优化催化剂的制备和反应条件,5-羟甲基糠醛的产率可以达到80%以上.与此同时,作为催化剂的磺化炭的稳定性也得到了证实.与纯水相反应溶剂相比,这种两相反应体系不仅能提高5-羟甲基糠醛的产率,同时也有助于其有效分离,减少了环境危害. 相似文献
3.
JIANG Xiao-yuan DU Feng ZHANG Xu JIA Yan-rong ZHENG Xiao-ming 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(11):1839-1845
Using SnxTi1-xO2 as carriers, CuO/Sn0.9Ti0.1O2 and CuO/Sn0.7Ti0.3O2 catalysts with different loading amounts of copper oxide (CuO) were prepared by an impregnation method. The catalytic properties of CuO/Sn0.9Ti0.1O2 and CuO/Sn0.7Ti0.3O2 were examined using a microreactor-gas chromatography (GC) NO CO reaction system and the methods of BET (Brun- auer-Emmett-Teller), TG-DTA (themogravimetric and differential thermal analysis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and H2-temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The results showed that NO conversions of Sn0.9Ti0.1O2 and Sn0.7Ti0.3O2 were 47.2% and 43.6% respectively, which increased to 95.3% and 90.9% at 6 wt% CuO loading. However, further increase in CuO loading caused a decrease in the catalytic activity. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm and pore-size distribution curve of Sn0.9Ti0.1O2 and Sn0.7Ti0.3O2 represented type IV of the BDDT (Brunauer, Deming, Deming and Teller) system and a typical mesoporous sample. There were two CuO diffraction peaks (2θ 35.5° and 38.7°), and the diffraction peak areas increased with increasing CuO loading. TPR analysis also detected three peaks (α, β and γ) from the CuO-loaded catalysts, suggesting that the α peak was the reduction of the highly dispersed copper oxide, the β peak was the reduction of the isolated copper oxide, and the γ peak was the reduction of crystal phase copper oxide. In addition, a fourth peak (δ) of the catalysts meant that the SnxTi1-xO2 mixed oxides could be reductive. 相似文献
4.
In this paper, an experimental study on the sulphate attack resistance of high-performance concrete (HPC) with two different water-to-binder ratios (w/b) under compressive loading is presented. The sulphate concentration, compressive strength, and the mass change in the HPC specimens were determined for immersion in a Na2SO4 solution over different durations under external compressive loading by self-regulating loading equipment. The effects of the compressive stress, the w/b ratio, and the Na2SO4 solution concentration on the HPC sulphate attack resistance under compressive loading were analysed. The results showed that the HPC sulphate attack resistance under compressive loading was closely related to the stress level, the w/b ratio, and the Na2SO4 solution concentration. Applying a 0.3 stress ratio for the compressive loading or reducing the w/b ratio clearly improved the HPC sulphate attack resistance, whereas applying a 0.6 stress ratio for the compressive loading or exposing the HPC to a more concentrated Na2SO4 solution accelerated the sulphate attack and HPC deterioration. 相似文献
5.
The adsorption of CO2 can be enhanced through loading amines on adsorbents, therefore, the separation of CO2 from other gases is promoted. Water plays an important role in this process. Water increases both the adsorption amount of CO2 and the separation coefficient with N2 for all amines loaded. However, the effect of loading trialkylamines is not remarkable in the absence of water. The effect of loading dialkylamine does not depend on water, but the adsorbent cannot be regenerated at ambient temperature. In comparison, an adsorbent loading trialkylamine can be regenerated at ambient temperature even in the presence of water with fairly good stability. 相似文献
6.
根据李子果实成分和干制温度条件,设置果糖、柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液反应体系,探讨不同浓度绿原酸在不同pH环境下对5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)及其中间产物3-脱氧奥苏糖(3-DG)形成的影响。结果表明,绿原酸影响HMF和3-DG形成,且受pH的影响。当pH为2.80、3.70时,添加绿原酸抑制HMF和3-DG的形成,pH越低,抑制率越高。当pH为4.70、5.70时,添加绿原酸显著促进HMF的形成,pH越高,促进率越高,产生的3-DG越多,但在同一pH下绿原酸对3-DG的促进作用不显著。当pH为6.0时,高剂量(42μmol/mL)的绿原酸显著增加HMF的形成速率,在90℃下反应48 h后,HMF的产生量增加了1.14倍。可以得出结论:在低pH值下,果糖倾向通过果糖呋喃阳离子途径形成HMF,绿原酸的作用机理可能是抑制3-DG的形成而降低HMF含量;在高pH值下,果糖主要通过3-DG途径生成HMF,绿原酸的作用机理可能是促进3-DG转化为HMF而提高HMF含量。 相似文献
7.
In this paper, we report a new catalytic system for realizing the rapid and efficient oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF). First, we used 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1]nonan-3-one-N-oxyl(keto-ABNO) as a catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) to 2,5-diformylfuran(DFF) in acetic acid. Then, we systematically studied the important reaction parameters, including the solvent, co-catalyst, and temperature. The results demonstrate that the acidic solvent used is crucial for the efficient oxidation of HMF to DFF. Under optimal conditions, we achieved a 93.4% yield of DFF within half an hour at room temperature. We also proposed the possible mechanism for this system. 相似文献
8.
In this study, the effects of ZrO_2 carrier precursors, MoO_3 loading, and washing treatment on the catalytic performance of Mo O_3/ZrO_2 toward sulfur-resistant methanation were investigated. All the catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method and further characterized by N_2 adsorption–desorption, H_2-temperature-programmed reduction, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The prepared MoO_3/ZrO_2 catalysts were tested in a continuous-flow pressurized fixed bed reactor for CO methanation. The results revealed that the carrier precursors, MoO_3 loading, and washing treatment affected not only the crystalline phase of Mo species but also the grain size of ZrO_2 carrier and consequently influenced the MoO_3/ZrO_2 activity toward sulfur-resistant methanation. The 25 wt% MoO_3/ZrO_2 catalyst prepared using Zr(NO_3) 4 ·5 H_2O as the precursor and treated by water washing displayed the best activity for sulfur-resistant methanation due to its greater number of octahedral Mo species and smaller ZrO_2 grain size. 相似文献
9.
Study on hydrogen sulfide removal based on bench-scale experiment by bio-trickling filter 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
TIAN Shu-lei ZHANG Lan-he WANG Qun-hui WANG Xu-ming XIE Wei-min 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(7):1141-1148
A bench-scale experiment for control of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions was carried out continuously for nearly four months by using bio-trickling filter packed with ZX01 stuffing. The results suggested that the bio-trickling filter had proven excellent performance over substantial operational periods. Removal efficiency of H2S was nearly 100% when volumetric loading of the bio-trickling filter varied from 0.64 g/(m3·h) to 38.20 g/(m3·h) and metabolism products of H2S were mainly composed of SO42–. When inlet concentration of H2S was 250 mg/m3, the optimum gas retention time was 30 s and the optimum spray water flow rate was 0.005 9~0.012 L/(cm2·h). The bio-trickling filter had good ability to resist shock of high volumetric loading, and was not blocked during experiments for nearly four months during which resistance was maintained at relatively lower value, so that the bio-trickling filter need not carry out back washing frequently and can be operated steadily for long-term. 相似文献
10.
Conclusion In this study, it was found that 70% of the students understood the meaning of chemical kinetics, and it helped them analyse
the data. The experimental yield of CO2(g) obtained by the students and the yield calculated were found to match. The exercise is a good example for constructive
teaching of several aspects of chemical kinetics. 相似文献
11.
Giulia A. Borriello Amanda Grenell Nicholas A. Vest Kyler Moore Emily R. Fyfe 《Child development》2023,94(2):e103-e118
This study examined repeating and growing pattern knowledge and their associations with procedural and conceptual arithmetic knowledge in a sample of U.S. children (N = 185; Mage = 79.5 months; 55% female; 88% White) and adults (N = 93; Mage = 19.5 years; 62% female; 66% White) from 2019 to 2020. Three key findings emerged: (1) repeating pattern tasks were easier than growing pattern tasks, (2) repeating pattern knowledge robustly predicted procedural calculation skills over and above growing pattern knowledge and covariates, and (3) growing pattern knowledge modestly predicted procedural and conceptual math outcomes over and above repeating pattern knowledge and covariates. We expand existing theoretical models to incorporate these specific links and discuss implications for supporting math knowledge. 相似文献
12.
The effect of fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on chloride migration through concrete subjected to repeated loading was examined. Portland cement was replaced by three percentages (20%, 30%, and 40%) of mineral admixtures. Five repeated loadings were applied to concrete specimens using a WHY series fully automatic testing machine. The maximum loadings were 40% and 80% of the axial cylinder compressive strength (f′c). Chloride migration through concretes was evaluated using the rapid chloride migration test and the chloride concentration in the anode chamber was measured. The results showed that the replacement percentages of mineral admixtures, the curing time and repeated loading had a significant effect on chloride migration through concrete. The transport number of chloride through concrete cured for 28 d increased with increasing FA replacement and markedly decreased with extension of the curing time. 20% and 30% GGBFS replacement decreased the transport number of chloride through concrete, but 40% GGBFS replacement increased the transport number. Five repeated loadings at 40% or 80% f′c increased the transport number of chloride for all mixes. 相似文献
13.
Positively charged composite nanofiltration (NF) membranes with good stability were prepared by dopamine (DA) assisted poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) deposition on a polysulfone ultrafiltration (UF) substrate followed by a cross-linking step. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, and atom force microscopy were employed to characterize the surface chemistry and morphology of the obtained composite membranes. The DA and PEI co-deposition conditions were optimized based on knowledge of the co-deposition mechanism. The effects of the cross-linker concentration, cross-linking time, and reaction temperature on the permeation and separation properties of the prepared composite membranes were investigated in detail. Under optimized conditions, the MgCl2 rejection and permeation flux of the composite membrane reached 80.4% and 19.6 L/(m2·h), respectively (the feed was 0.01 mol/L of MgCl2 solution under a test pressure of 0.4 MPa). The rejection of various salts followed the order MgCl2≈CaCl2>MgSO4>NaCl>Na2SO4, suggesting the membranes were positively charged. The composite membranes showed good durability under alkaline aqueous conditions. This study provided new insights into the fabrication of mussel-inspired thin-film composite nanofiltration membranes. 相似文献
14.
Tea polyphenols have been shown to have anticancer activity in many studies.In the present study,we investigated effects of theaflavin-3-3'-digallate(TF3),one of the major theaflavin monomers in black tea,in combination with ascorbic acid(AA),a reducing agent,and(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG),the main polyphenol presented in green tea,in combination with AA on cellular viability and cell cycles of the human lung adenocarcinoma SPC-A-1 cells.The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay showed that the 50% inhibition concentrations(IC50) of TF3,EGCG,and AA on SPC-A-1 cells were 4.78,4.90,and 30.62 μmol/L,respectively.The inhibitory rates of TF3 combined with AA(TF3+AA) and EGCG combined with AA(EGCG+AA) at a molar ratio of 1:6 on SPC-A-1 cells were 54.4% and 45.5%,respectively.Flow cytometry analysis showed that TF3+AA and EGCG+AA obviously increased the cell population in the G0/G1 phase of the SPC-A-1 cell cycle from 53.9% to 62.8% and 60.0%,respectively.TF3-treated cells exhibited 65.3% of the G0/G1 phase at the concentration of its IC50.Therefore,TF3+AA and EGCG+AA had synergistic inhibition effects on the proliferation of SPC-A-1 cells,and significantly held SPC-A-1 cells in G0/G1 phase.The results suggest that the combination of TF3 with AA or EGCG with AA enhances their anticancer activity. 相似文献
15.
WAN Xian-kai ZOU Xue-quan SHI Hui-xiang WANG Da-hui 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(5):707-711
Nitrogen doping of activated carbon loading Fe2O3 was performed by annealing in ammonia, and the activity of the modified carbon for NO reduction was studied in the presence of oxygen. Results show that Fe2O3 enhances the amount of surface oxygen complexes and facilitates nitrogen incorporation in the carbon, especially in the form of pyridinic nitrogen. The modified carbon shows excellent activity for NO reduction in the low temperature regime (<500 °C) because of the cooperative effect of Fe2O3 and the surface nitrogen species. 相似文献
16.
Lysozyme refolding at high concentration by dilution and size-exclusion chromatography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study of renaturation by dilution and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) addition of urea to improve yield as well as
the initial and final protein concentrations showed that although urea decreased the rate of lysozyme refolding, it could
suppress protein aggregation to sustain the pathway of correct refolding at high protein concentration; and that there existed
an optimum urea concentration in renaturation buffer. Under the above conditions, lysozyme was successfully refolded from
initial concentration of up to 40 mg/mL by dilution and 100 mg/mL by SEC, with the yield of the former being more than 40%
and that of the latter being 34.8%. Especially, under the condition of 30 min interval time, i.e. τ>2(t
R2−tR1), the efficiency was increased by 25% and the renaturation buffer could be recycled for SEC refolding in continuous operation
of downstream process.
Project supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 201099) and the Local-Lab Project by Korean
Institute of Science and Technology Evaluation and Planning, Korea 相似文献
17.
Hydroxyapatite bioceramics is simulated by using finite element method (FEM).The influences of porosity,hole shape,angle of crack and other parameters on the ceramics are analyzed.The results show that with the increase of the angle between crack and horizontal direction,the stress intensity factor KⅠdecreases gradually,but stress intensity factor K II increases at first and then it decreases.The value of K Ⅱ reaches maximum when the angle between crack and horizontal direction is 45°.KⅠ and K Ⅱ rise with the increase of porosity,and they are almost the same for the circular and hexagonal holes.For elliptical holes,KⅠand KⅡreach maximum when the long axis of ellipse is perpendicular to the loading direction and they reach minimum when the same axis is parallel to the loading direction.Moreover,with the increase of the angle between the long axis and loading direction,KⅠ and KⅡ increase gradually. 相似文献
18.
Jian Liu Jian-zhong Shentu Li-hua Wu Jing Dou Qi-yang Xu Hui-li Zhou Guo-lan Wu Ming-zhu Huang Xing-jiang Hu Jun-chun Chen 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2012,13(5):348-355
In order to comply with the requirements for a drug listed in China, the study was developed to compare the pharmacokinetics
and relative bioavailability of two different enteric formulations of omeprazole (OPZ) in healthy Chinese subjects. A total
of 32 volunteers participated in the study. Plasma concentrations were analyzed by nonstereospecific liquid chromatography/tandem
mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method. After administration of a single 40-mg dose of the two OPZ formulations, the comparative
bioavailability was assessed by calculating individual AUC0−t
(the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration), AUC0−∞ (the area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity), C
max (the maximum observed concentration), and T
peak (the time to C
max) values of OPZ, 5-hydroxyomeprazole (OH-OPZ), and omeprazole sulfone (OPZ-SFN), respectively. The 90% confidence intervals
(CIs) of AUC0−t
, AUC0−∞, and C
max were 85.4%–99.0%/88.8%–98.6%/87.6%–99.4%, 85.5%–99.2%/89.0%–98.6%/88.5%–101.3%, and 72.3%–87.6%/79.6%–91.1%/88.4%–99.1% for
OPZ/OH-OPZ/OPZ-SFN, respectively, and T
peak values did not differ significantly. In this study, the test formulation of OPZ in fasting healthy Chinese male volunteers
met the Chinese bioequivalance standard to the reference formulation based on AUC, C
max, and T
peak. 相似文献
19.
Improved yield and Zn accumulation for rice grain by Zn fertilization and optimized water management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yu-yan WANG Yan-yan WEI Lan-xue DONG Ling-li LU Ying FENG Jie ZHANG Feng-shan PAN Xiao-e YANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2014,15(4):365-374
研究目的:在生产高度集约化体系下,研究节水灌溉措施及锌肥对水稻产量及锌积累量的影响。创新要点:目前关于干湿交替能否对水稻增产仍存在争议,对锌含量及生物有效性也鲜有报道。因此,针对这些问题,本文系统地研究影响水稻产量及品质的两大限制性因素,即锌肥和灌溉方式对稻米锌生物有效性的影响。研究方法:采用盆钵试验模拟大田锌肥及水分管理方式,两种基因型、两种锌肥种类、两种水分管理,三个重复控制误差。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定微量元素锌含量,以精米中植酸含量表征锌生物有效性。重要结论:干湿交替在增加了稻米产量、锌含量及积累量方面效果显著。干湿交替结合土施硫酸锌肥可以作为水稻生产体系中获得高产、高锌、高生物有效性的农艺措施。 相似文献