共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
徐峰 《阜阳师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2001,(2):1-8
三价动词是指在动词基本语义结构中能够携带三个强制性语义成分的动词。结合句法平面的典型语法框架和语义平面的蕴涵测试两种判别方法,可以较为准确地确定三价动词的配价成分,从而确定其配价指数。“写”类动词由于本身并不蕴涵“给予”关系意义,因此不能认定为三价动词。兼语结构中的“使令”动词,其配价成分之一在语义平面表现为动词所支配的一个命题,句法上则映现为一个不可删除的谓词性成分,因此应是三价动词中的一个特殊小类。 相似文献
2.
The present study examined English-speaking children's tendency to make argument structure overgeneralization errors (e.g., I disappeared it). Children were exposed to several English verbs of fixed transitivity (exclusively intransitive or exclusively transitive) and then asked questions that encouraged them to overgeneralize usage of the verbs. Seventy-two children (24 in each of three age groups: 3, 4/5, and 8 years of age) experienced four actions performed by puppets. Each action had two verbs of similar meaning associated with it in the context of the experimental action: one more familiar to young children and one less familiar. Children at all ages were more likely to overgeneralize usage of verbs that were less familiar to them, supporting the hypothesis that children's usage of verbs in particular construction types becomes entrenched over time. As children solidly learn the transitivity status of particular verbs, they become more reluctant to use those verbs in other argument structure constructions. 相似文献
3.
Isabelle Dautriche Alejandrina Cristia Perrine Brusini Sylvia Yuan Cynthia Fisher Anne Christophe 《Child development》2014,85(3):1168-1180
Previous work has shown that toddlers readily encode each noun in the sentence as a distinct argument of the verb. However, languages allow multiple mappings between form and meaning that do not fit this canonical format. Two experiments examined French 28‐month‐olds' interpretation of right‐dislocated sentences (nouni‐verb, nouni) where the presence of clear, language‐specific cues should block such a canonical mapping. Toddlers (N = 96) interpreted novel verbs embedded in these sentences as transitive, disregarding prosodic cues to dislocation (Experiment 1) but correctly interpreted right‐dislocated sentences containing well‐known verbs (Experiment 2). These results suggest that toddlers can integrate multiple cues in ideal conditions, but default to canonical surface‐to‐meaning mapping when extracting structural information about novel verbs in semantically impoverished conditions. 相似文献
4.
马志刚 《暨南大学华文学院学报》2012,(2):77-86
汉语中含有非作格动词和及物动词的“V＋着”存现句都仅仅表达事物的存在状态这类单一认知行为。但文章认为,这两类存现句在如何实现存在状态方面有着本质不同,而这种差异可归因于汉语语素“着”具有的两种语义属性：持续性体态义和附着性实质义。文章基于引元结构理论的分析显示,非作格动词存现句具有高位引元结构,而及物动词存现句具有低位引元结构。基于引元结构理论的分析适切地实现了两类存现句在语义蕴含、构词形态和句法推导三方面的完美匹配,因此是兑现最简理念的更优化分析。 相似文献
5.
Two-year-olds use the sentence structures verbs appear in--subcategorization frames--to guide verb learning. This is syntactic bootstrapping. This study probed the developmental origins of this ability. The structure-mapping account proposes that children begin with a bias toward one-to-one mapping between nouns in sentences and participant roles in events. This account predicts that subcategorization frames should guide very early verb learning, if the number of nouns in the sentences is informative. In 3 experiments, one hundred and thirty-six 21- and 19-month-olds assigned appropriately different interpretations to novel verbs in transitive ("He's gorping him!") versus intransitive sentences ("He's gorping!") differing in their number of nouns. Thus, subcategorization frames guide verb interpretation in very young children. These findings constrain theoretical proposals about mechanisms for syntactic bootstrapping. 相似文献
6.
孙学章 《黄河科技大学学报》2011,13(6):97-100
日语自他动词间存在着各种对应性,这种特点有助于词汇的记忆、词义的理解和句式的掌握,但自他动词并非总是单一的对应关系,在词形、数量、词性、词义、构词等方面呈现出复杂的非对应性现象,影响到自他动词的语法化转换、复合动词的词性认知以及サ变动词的词性界定等关联用法上的理解和应用。 相似文献
7.
刘天宇 《荆门职业技术学院学报》2004,19(1):51-54
许多不及物实义动词与形容词搭配，构成复合谓语句型。一部分不及物实义动词与形容词搭配构成主动形式被动意义句型。部分及物实义动词与形容词搭配构成固定词组，相当及物动词，其后可接宾语，也可用于被动语态。 相似文献
8.
杨作玲 《河北北方学院学报(社会科学版)》2012,(4):18-20,24
先秦趋向动词的句法表现复杂,其差异主要表现在两个方面:一是是否必须带处所宾语;二是是否有使动交替形式。根据这两方面的表现以及非宾格动词的判断式,趋向动词中的一部分可归为非宾格动词,一部分归入及物动词或非作格动词,少数动词还可以两属。先秦趋向动词并不是典型的非宾格动词语义类,影响非宾格性的主要因素为客体论元在语义上是接近施事还是接近受事。 相似文献
9.
王莉莉 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2012,(5):365-366
日语动词"スル"和"ナル"作为他动词和自动词,意义特征明显。所以"スル型表现"和"ナル型表现"也被称为"他动词性表现"和"自动词性表现"。就"スル型表现"和"ナル型表现"具体的语用场合而言,分别对它们在说话人行为表现中的使用情况、惯用表现中的使用情况、以及敬语构造下的使用情况三个方面进行相关考察并作出结论。 相似文献
10.
英汉“切断”事件动词的语义特征与句法行为对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
＂切断＂事件指使构成物体的完整材料被分离或破坏且不可还原的日常事件。作为人类社会重要而普遍的日常活动,＂切断＂事件对人类语言与认知具有重要的影响。依据词典释义和语料库语料对比分析英汉＂切断＂事件动词的语义特征、词化模式、论元转换和体特征之异同。结果显示两种语言的＂切断＂事件动词具有共享的范畴化特征和主要义素,但在次范畴化、语义场结构和词化模式方面存在差异。同时,两种语言间这些动词在论元转换和体特征方面的相似性和差异表明此类动词的句法行为对其语义具有敏感性,丰富了跨语言的动词语义与其句法行为关系方面的研究,并为动词语义决定其句法行为的理论提供了进一步的支持。 相似文献
11.
Previous research has revealed that novel nouns highlight category relations at superordinate and basic levels but, paradoxically, make subordinate classification more difficult for preschool children. In Experiment 1, we provide additional evidence that novel nouns put 3-year-old children at a disadvantage in subordinate classification. We suggest that this reflects young children's inclination to label and classify objects at the basic level. In Experiments 2 and 3, we identify 2 circumstances under which 3-year-old children alter their basic level expectation. In Experiment 2, we provide children with specific information to distinguish the relevant subclasses. In Experiment 3, we introduce the novel nouns in conjunction with the familiar basic level labels. Under each of these circumstances, novel nouns do not present an obstacle to subordinate classification. Children's linguistic biases (e.g., the noun-category bias) and their existing knowledge and vocabularies jointly influence early conceptual development. 相似文献
12.
副词“保不住”由能性述补结构“保住”的否定式演变而来。“保不住”连用最早始于明代的《剪灯新话》中,但数量很少,清中期“保不住”连用的用例增多,并发展出动词和副词的用法。动词用法的“保不住”的形成源于线性序列上的紧邻、高频的使用以及“保”和“住”较低的动词义特征。副词用法的“保不住”在动词用法的基础上发展而来,其中句法位置的改变,双重否定的句法环境在其语法化和情态义形成的过程中起到了重要的作用。 相似文献
13.
Naomi Havron Alex de Carvalho Anne-Caroline Fiévet Anne Christophe 《Child development》2019,90(1):82-90
Adults create and update predictions about what speakers will say next. This study asks whether prediction can drive language acquisition, by testing whether 3- to 4-year-old children (n = 45) adapt to recent information when learning novel words. The study used a syntactic context which can precede both nouns and verbs to manipulate children's predictions about what syntactic category will follow. Children for whom the syntactic context predicted verbs were more likely to infer that a novel word appearing in this context referred to an action, than children for whom it predicted nouns. This suggests that children make rapid changes to their predictions, and use this information to learn novel information, supporting the role of prediction in language acquisition. 相似文献
14.
Conceptual perspective taking: children's ability to distinguish what they know from what they see 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
M Taylor 《Child development》1988,59(3):703-718
15.
Linguistic contrast of the form "It's not X; it's Y" is often used by adults to correct children's naming errors. The present studies examined whether such linguistic contrast could help preschoolers learn a novel color name. In Experiment 1, a novel color term was contrasted only once with 1 or 2 familiar color names. Contrasting a new color term with children's own label for the stimulus color helped 5-year-olds learn the new term, but contrasting the new term with randomly chosen familiar color terms did not. For 4-year-olds, neither kind of contrast helped much. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that when the contrastive information was presented more than once, even 3- and 4-year-olds performed much like the 5-year-olds in Experiment 1. Together, these findings suggest that contrasting a new term with a child's own term facilitates the acquisition of the new term, perhaps because it gives the child specific information about how two terms are related in meaning. 相似文献
16.
马慧 《宁波教育学院学报》2006,8(5):20-23
先秦时期“得”从及物动词转化为助动词,是“得”字发展史上的第一次重要演变。在这一语法化过程中,“得+谓词”语境是“得”语法化的句法条件;从“行域”到“知域”的隐喻作用是重要的认知基础;在语法格式“主语+助动词+谓词”的强大类推作用下,“得”语法化为助动词。 相似文献
17.
巩华锋 《太原教育学院学报》2013,(3):82-85
语法分析和语义分析是语意研究层面相互关联的两个概念,对文本语意的分析和推进起着至关重要的作用,导致英语单词的文本意义发生变化的原因多种多样,总体可以归纳为语法因素和语义因素,尤以单词所在句子成分、及物与不及物、词义兼容、词义互选和施动制约等因素最为多见. 相似文献
18.
Young Children's Comprehension of Pretend Episodes: The Integration of Successive Actions 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In 3 experiments, children's comprehension of successive pretend actions was examined. In Experiment 1, children (25–38 months) watched 2 linked actions (e.g., a puppet poured pretend cereal or powder into a bowl, and then pretended to feed the contents of the bowl to a toy animal). Children realized that the pretend substance was incorporated into the second action. In Experiment 2, children (24–39 months) again watched 2 linked actions (e.g., a puppet poured pretend milk or powder into a container, and then pretended to tip the contents of the container over a toy animal). They realized that the animal would become "milky" or "powdery." In Experiment 3, children (25–36 months) drew similar conclusions regarding a substitute rather than an imaginary entity. The results are discussed with reference to children's causal understanding, their capacity for talking about objects and events in terms of their make-believe and real status, and the processes underlying pretense comprehension. 相似文献
19.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the time course of semantic and phonological access in naming kanji and kana words. Japanese adults quickly named single words written in kanji and the same words written in kana in one session, and translated them into English in another session. In both experiments using nouns (Experiment 1) and verbs (Experiment 2), words were named faster in kana than in kanji but were translated faster in kanji than in kana. These findings were interpreted to suggest that kana words are closer to phonology while kanji words are closer to meaning. The optimum solutions obtained by the simplex method showed that semantic access takes place 10 to 19 msec earlier in kanji words than in kana words, whereas phonological access takes place 27 to 31 msec earlier in kana words than in kanji words. A possible difference between kanji nouns and verbs is briefly discussed in terms of phonological access time. 相似文献
20.
以100名4-5岁中班幼儿为研究对象,采用任务分离范式考察内隐学习条件下象形文字(东巴文、甲骨文)对幼儿汉字字形记忆的影响。该篇研究包括两个实验,幼儿均通过颜色判断任务进行学习,实验1采用再认任务考察象形文字对幼儿汉字字形外显记忆的影响,实验2采用偏好判断任务考察象形文字对幼儿汉字字形内隐记忆的影响。研究发现,在内隐学习条件下,甲骨文比东巴文更能够促进汉字字形的外显记忆,象形文字可以成为幼儿汉字学习的良好辅助材料。 相似文献