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1.
This article considers the challenge of sustainable change and development in education from the perspective of complexity theory. Complexity theory’s concept of emergence implies that, given a significant degree of complexity in a particular environment, new properties and behaviours emerge that are not necessarily contained in the essence of the constituent elements, or easily able to be predicted from a knowledge of initial conditions. These concepts of emergent phenomena from a critical mass, associated with notions of lock-in, path dependence, and inertial momentum, contribute to a perspective on continuity and change that indicates what conditions might need to be in place for the emergence of sustainable, positive, system-wide change and development in education. 相似文献
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《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(1):130-143
The disavowal of positivist science by many educational researchers has resulted in a deepening polarization of research agendas and an epistemological divide that appears increasingly difficult to span. Despite a turning away from science altogether by some, and thus toward various forms of poststructuralist inquiry, this has not held back the renewed entrenchment of more narrow definitions by policy elites of what constitutes scientific educational research. The new sciences of complexity signal the emergence of a new scientific paradigm that challenges some of the core assumptions of positivism, while offering the potential to develop a new kind of social science that demands both rigour and imagination in coming to understand the emergence and behaviours of social systems and the subsystems that comprise them. The language, concepts and principles of complexity are central to the development of a new science of qualities to complement the science of quantities that has shaped our understanding of the physical and social worlds. Accomplishing this task promises to 1) open up new investigations that have thus far been beyond the purview of scientific study, 2) allow the study of social phenomena as fully embodied, or at least as more robust models than those represented in the abstracted empiricism upon which the sciences of quantities are predicated, and 3) allow for more coarse‐grained explanations and predictions of social phenomena to be legitimated as scientific. Both educational research and educational practice stand to gain from this expansion of the scientific repertoire to include rigorous and imaginative investigations of phenomena characterized by change and transformation. 相似文献
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《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(1):177-189
Judgements concerning proper or appropriate educational endeavour, methods of investigation and philosophising about education necessarily implicate perspectives, values, assumptions and beliefs. In recent years ideas from the complexity sciences have been utilised in many domains including psychology, economics, architecture, social science and education. This paper addresses questions concerning the appropriateness of utilising complexity science in educational research as well as issues relating to the ways in which complexity might be engaged. I suggest that, just like all human endeavour, approaches to research emerge out of discursive communities and can be understood as self‐organising, dynamic and emergent over time. In this formulation, complexity represents one such newly emergent approach. I argue that it is important that researchers partake in critical and reflective discourse about the nature of education and conceptual frameworks, as well as about impacts and legacies of utilising complexity, so as to participate in and influence the ongoing emergence of educational endeavour. I conclude by suggesting a series of caveats for researchers considering using complexity in educational research. 相似文献
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《Studying Teacher Education》2013,9(3):255-271
This article examines the learning by a dean of education through the process of executive coaching. In adopting a self-study approach to explore the experience of executive coaching, we draw on the notion of critical friendship as a way of interrogating the experience and the response to that experience in terms of leadership development and professional growth. We used data from audio-recordings of individual coaching sessions to construct vignettes designed to capture the essence of particular themes and issues germane to the learning through the coaching experiences. The major findings pertain to the notion of default behaviours and show how recognition of one's own default behaviours is important in shifting personal practice. The study opens up for scrutiny important aspects of the nature of the personal side of leading a faculty of education and offers insights into what it means to be a learner as a leader and how productive self-study can be in facilitating that learning process. 相似文献
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Social Histories of Educational Change 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Ivor F. Goodson 《Journal of Educational Change》2001,2(1):45-63
This article sets out new directions for thinking about educational change theory. In particular, a number of different segments in educational change processes are examined – the internal, the external and the personal.In analyzing the importance of these different segments of educational change, a socio-historical approach is adopted. It is noted that in the expansionist period of the 1960s and 1970s internal change agentry was dominant and, as a result, modernist change theory located in that period stressed the importance of the internal processes which had become central in orchestrating the change process. In the 1980s and 1990s external change mandates have become dominant, with a number of downsides related to internal and personal missions.In the new millennium it is argued that, as well as internal and external segments, increasing attention will need to be paid to the personal missions and purposes which underpin commitment to change processes. Without a fully conceptualized notion of how the internal, external and personal will interlink, existing change theory remains underdeveloped and of progressively less use.In the final sections, a tentative model of change processes is defined. In this model, the internal, external and personal are integrated in ways that seek to provide new momentum for change processes and their study. 相似文献
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复杂性理论改变了人们原有简单、线性思考问题的方式,将事物间的关系与内部的本质呈现了出来。教育技术学作为一门交叉学科迫切需要复杂性理论提供理论支持与方法支撑。通过梳理国内现有研究文献,对教育技术的设计、开发、利用、管理和评价五大领域中复杂性理论的研究现状进行分析与评述,发现在教育技术各个领域中都有复杂性理论的研究。在设计领域,复杂性适应系统、混沌理论以及复杂性思维被应用于教学设计中;在开发、利用与管理领域,研究大多基于复杂网络视角进行的研究;在评价领域,综合模糊评价法的应用较广。在分析复杂性理论在教育技术学中的现有成果的基础上,通过建立复杂性系统科学与教育技术新的研究关系,以促进复杂性理论在教育技术领域更深入的研究。 相似文献
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“以人为本”是科学发展观的本质、核心和基本价值取向,探索“以人为本”的实践路径是贯彻科学发展观重要的理论问题和现实问题。文章认为,与时俱进、更新观念是实践“以人为本”的思想基础;发展社会生产力是实践“以人为本”的现实内容和现实基础;社会制度的创新是实践“以人为本”的制度保障。 相似文献
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论科学发展观的实现条件 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
强调科学发展观的内涵、意义固然重要，但更重要的是落实科学发展观。其前提是观念的转变特别是领导干部观念的转变，关键是转变政府职能、建立新的干部考核标准，根本是建立全面的监督机制，而完善相应的法律体系、依法行政是基本保障。 相似文献
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杨文臣 《廊坊师范学院学报》2013,(5):14-17
集体无意识理论的价值并不局限于精神分析领域,它蕴涵着巨大的变革力量,关联到一种新的世界观,一种新的思维方式,以及对现代文明的尖锐批判,对人类存在和命运的深刻洞察.在精神实质上,集体无意识理论和当代的生态哲学有相通之处,对后者的发展可以起到一定的推动作用;对于我们的很多生命体验和文化现象,集体无意识理论也可以给出新的、极富深度的阐释.对于荣格的这一天才思想,我们应该给予充分的重视. 相似文献
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数学文化观念下的数学素质教育 总被引：50，自引：11，他引：50
在数学文化的基本观念中，数学被赋予了广泛的意义，数学不仅是一种科学语言，一门知识体系，而且还是一种思想方法，一种具有审美特征 的艺术。在此基础上，数学素质的含义应予以新的阐述，数学素质的本质是数学文化观念、知识、能力、心理的整合。而实现数学素质教育目标的关键在于充分体现数学文化的本质，把数学文化理论贯穿到数学教育的全过程中。 相似文献
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Maria Inês Mafra Goulart Wolff-Michael Roth 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2010,5(3):533-562
In this study we investigate how 5-year-old children in Brazil and their teachers collectively design science curriculum.
More specifically, we develop an agency|structure dialectic as a framework to describe this collective praxis in which science
curriculum may emerge as the result of children–teacher transactions rather than as a result of being predetermined and controlled
by the latter. We draw on a cultural-historical approach and on the theory of structure and agency to analyze the events showing
the complexity of the activity inside a classroom of very young children by science education standards. Data were collected
in the context of a science unit in an early-childhood education program in Belo Horizonte. Our study suggests that (a) throughout
the movement of agency|passivity || schema|resources one can observe participative thinking, a form of collective consciousness
that arises in and from lived experience; (b) learning is a process in which a group is invested in searching for solutions
while they create schemas and rearrange resources to evolve a new structure; and (c) the emergent curriculum is a powerful
form of praxis that develops children’s participation from early childhood on. 相似文献
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We make the case for an emergent notion of authenticity of science based on systems theory and neo‐Piagetian thought. We propose that authentic science is an emergent property of a dynamic system of learning precipitated by the interactions among students, teachers, and scientists that occur within the contexts defined by the internal and external constraints of the cultures of the schools and communities within which they operate. Authenticity as an emergent property of the learning process challenges the basis for many science curricula and current pedagogical practices that take scientists' science as their norm and that assume a priori that such is authentic, i.e., it practices preauthentication. We argue that what constitutes authentic science can be taught neither in the traditional didactic modes nor through simulations of scientists' science in the classroom. Instead, authenticity needs to be seen as emergent and as diverse in meaning. To illustrate this point, we draw from two different face‐to‐face, teacher/student–scientist partnership programs. Both studies support a notion of authenticity that emerges as teachers, students, and scientists come to interact, make meaning of, and come to own the activities they engage in collaboratively. We conclude by considering the implications of such an analysis for science education. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 737–756, 2003 相似文献
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理论是人们在实践中,借助一系列概念、判断、推理表达出来的关于事物本质及其规律的知识体系。教育生活离不开教育理论的引领和指导,教育理论源于对教育现象的理性思考和对教育规律的理性追求,是人们在对教育活动和教育实践抽象、概括和总结基础上形成的专门化、系统化的理性认识。当前,面对纷繁复杂的教育生活,教育界特别是中小学教师普遍存在漠视教育理论的心理。为此,有必要进一步思考教育理论的内涵、形成和发展,从而理解教育理论的重要性。 相似文献
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MARK HARDMAN 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2019,53(2):273-292
Contemporary curricula specify the conceptual understanding that will be important for pupils in the world that they will soon inhabit. In so doing, concepts are characterised as representing the essential qualities of phenomena, the knowledge of which will be applicable in future contexts. Yet such a characterisation divorces concepts from the here and now, and from the detail of the activities and problems presented to learners in classrooms. I argue that there is a category error inherent in the way that the spectres of conceptual understanding are assumed to emerge from the unique circumstances of educational practice. This error has a long heritage which spans from Aristotle's essentialism to cognitivist theories of learning. I will show that this category error is sustaining an unnecessary separation between knowledge and learning in contemporary debates about curriculum, pedagogy and assessment. Deleuze's notion of multiplicity offers an alternative characterisation, making a single curricular concept synonymous with the many, unique manifestations of that concept in the world. Seeing concepts as multiplicities allows us to recognise that curricular concepts themselves, and the conceptual understandings of individuals, are in a process of continual becoming. Concepts are dynamic and emergent from unique circumstances, yet allow shared understanding and assessment. Exorcising the supernatural view of concepts from contemporary debates in education is an affirmative first step in developing a more specific account of learning. 相似文献
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Lana T. Rappoport 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(12):1585-1603
Chemical phenomena can be described using three representation modes: macro, submicro, and symbolic. The way students use and connect these modes when solving conceptual problems was studied, using a think‐aloud interview protocol. The protocol was validated through interviews with six faculty members, and then applied to four graduate and six undergraduate chemistry students. We used a ‘levels of complexity’ framework to analyse responses: the macro and symbolic modes were considered system‐level representations, and the submicro mode a component‐level representation. We found that faculty members thought of system‐level properties as emerging from mechanistic interactions between particles on the component level—an emergent perspective. In many cases, the students either failed to connect the system and component levels, or thought of system‐level properties as guiding the behaviour of particles on the component level—a ‘submergent’ perspective. Some students used their familiarity with a symbolic equation describing the behaviour of a substance as the starting point of a thought process that leads them to impose mechanistically unwarrantable behaviour upon its particles. We concluded that a submergent perspective inhibits students from confronting their misconceptions regarding particle behaviour, and explains why students are often able to correctly solve algorithmic problems while failing to solve conceptual ones. It is suggested that the directionality of connecting particle behaviour to system‐level properties should be emphasized in teaching. 相似文献
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通过科氏惯性力与洛仑兹力的类比,并引入广义坐标、广义动量、广义能量等概念,采用广义动量-能量原理等若干非传统方法,讨论有关转动非惯性参考系中的相对运动学与动力学问题. 相似文献
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通过理论结合实例分析,就内力对系统动量和角动量的作用作了初步探讨。认为在一些情况下,内力可通过改变外力能够改变系统的动量和角动量,这种作用是间接的。直接参与或最终改变系统动量和角动量的仍然是外力。 相似文献
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This paper presents findings from a 2010 evaluation of Victoria University's Student Rover program, an on-campus work-based learning program in which mobile student mentors are employed and deployed within the university's Learning Commons to provide ‘just-in-time’ and ‘just-in-place’ learning support to other students. Student Rovers are paid not to perform a quasi-staff role, but to be students who help other students learn and, in this process, to model both learning to learn and collaborative learning behaviours. Drawing on specific findings from a large-scale student survey, a small-scale staff survey and focus groups conducted with Student Rovers themselves relating to perceptions of the socio-institutional status of Student Rovers, the paper is concerned with exploring the anomalous nature of the Student Rover role and speculating as to the potential for change inherent within this situation. Reworking Billett's conceptualisation of co-participatory workplace practices, we propose that by framing the work of Student Rovers as ‘learningful’ workers operating within the liminal institutional contact zone between staff and students, the program may prove to be not simply a successful strategy for helping new students engage in campus life – while simultaneously preparing Student Rovers themselves for negotiating contemporary organisational circumstances of change, complexity and contingency – but also a precursor to an emergent, institutionally recognised, educational role of students paid to support the learning of other students. 相似文献
20.
求证现代教育方程的约定解——试论复杂性理论的教育学应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
现代教育系统是一个开放的复杂巨系统,更为重要的是,它内在地容涵于特殊复杂巨系统———社会系统之中。现代教育系统愈来愈呈现出非线性、复杂性、自组织性(涌现)、分形与分岔等特质。复杂性理论不仅对现代教育具有方法论和认识论意义,同时具有对现代教育的本体论解释功能。建立中国特色的“教育集成研讨厅,发挥人与人、人与物的多重因素的效果,综合地解决现代教育的种种问题,并对教育理论与复杂性理论的关系进行理性反思,可以使我们在辩证法的层面上,达到武器的批判和批判的武器二者的对立统一。 相似文献