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小学生课外阅读兴趣的培养具有重要的意义。为了增加学生的阅读积累量,使其能在学习中发挥自己的能力,激发阅读兴趣,本文阐述了小学生课外阅读现状,提出了培养小学生课外阅读兴趣的方法。有效引导学生进行课外阅读,对学生的语文学习有着重要的意义,能使学生在今后的学习中具备完善的知识基础。 相似文献
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对全国4461名本科生的问卷调查显示,在控制相关变量的情况下,学习环境的不同维度对本科生专业知识、学科前沿成果、实践能力、表达能力、信息素养、批判性思维、问题解决以及未来规划能力等有显著正向作用。总体而言,高校学习环境对大学生能力发展的影响大于学生背景因素。具体来看,学习环境的不同维度对本科生能力发展影响存在显著差异。其中学习空间对学生专业知识的提升作用较大,学术讲座和科研兴趣支持对学科前沿成果影响最大,任课教师的帮助对学生8项能力均有较大影响,辅导员的帮助在学生未来规划能力提升上具有较大作用。研究认为,应建立和完善高校学习环境支持体系,重视学习环境不同维度的作用,为不同背景的学生能力发展提供差异化的环境支持。 相似文献
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Prior knowledge state is an important determinant in the future learning process of adult students. Research on the prior knowledge state has focused on its structure along a set of dimensions. In the theoretical part of this article a distinct approach towards the analysis of the prior knowledge state is outlined. This analysis is based on the idea of the ‘structure of knowledge’. This base is further exploited to define a set of dimensions that are helpful to construct ‘knowledge profiles’ by using different parameters along those dimensions. Two dimensions are distinguished: the behavioural dimension, consisting of the parameters know, insight and apply; the knowledge dimension, formed by the parameters concepts, relations, structures and methods. It is argued that the assessment of the prior knowledge state needs to be done by dedicated prior knowledge state tests. The relevance of using prior knowledge profiles is especially important in a context of independent, distance learning. Student groups that take courses within this context can be characterised as very heterogeneous (e.g. age, education, profession, interest and prior knowledge), but they often have to deal with fairly standardised instruction materials and learning environments. The view is defended that the determination of prior knowledge profiles can be helpful to enhance a student's learning process, to design more flexible learning environments and to provide instructional support. 相似文献
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The main purpose of this study was to concurrently investigate Taiwanese high-school students' and their science teachers' conceptions of learning science (COLS) and conceptions of science assessment (COSA). A total of 1,048 Taiwanese high-school students and their 59 science teachers were invited to fill out two questionnaires assessing their COSA and COLS. The main results indicated that, first, although a handful of different patterns occurred, students and teachers were found to have similar COLS–COSA patterns. In general, students and teachers with COSA as reproducing knowledge and rehearsing tended to possess lower-level COLS, such as learning science as memorizing, testing, and calculating and practicing. In contrast, if students and teachers viewed science assessment as improving learning and problem-solving, they would be prone to regard science learning as increase of knowledge, applying, and understanding and seeing in a new way. However, the students' conceptions did not align with those of the teachers' in certain aspects. The students tended to regard science learning and assessment at a superficial level (COLS as ‘memorizing’, ‘testing’, and ‘calculating and practicing’ and COSA as ‘reproducing knowledge’), while the teachers’ conceptions were at a more sophisticated level (COLS as ‘application’ and ‘understanding and seeing in a new way’ and COSA as ‘improving learning’). It is evident that a dissonance exists between the students' and teachers' COLS and COSA. Based on the results, practical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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This study examines the relationship between the learning motivation and conceptual change of 127 eighth graders, after they have learned the acid, base, and salt concept in a digital learning context, designed according to the dual‐situated learning model (DSLM). Two instruments—the students’ motivation towards science learning (SMTSL) questionnaire and the acid‐base‐salt concept diagnostic test (CDT)—were used in the study. The questionnaire and the test were given to students in pre‐test, post‐test, and delayed post‐test. Based on their motivation questionnaire scores, 18 students were selected from various scoring ranges for semi‐structural interviews. Results showed that, after experiencing DSLM digital learning, students’ post‐CDT and delay‐CDT scores were significantly higher than pre‐CDT scores (p < 0.001, p < 0.01). Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis indicated that students’ conceptual change (ΔCDT) was significantly correlated with motivational factors such as self‐efficacy (SE), active learning strategy (ALS), science learning value (SLV), achievement goal (AG), and learning environment stimulation (LES) (p < 0.05). Interviews also supported students’ motivational correlation to ΔCDT, particularly for SE, ALS, and AG. 相似文献
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Rola Khishfe 《International Journal of Science Education》2019,41(9):1159-1180
It is important to question the generalizability of the knowledge about the nature of science (NOS), and thus know whether the knowledge about NOS can be transferred to various contexts. As such, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether students were able to transfer their acquired NOS understandings into contexts that vary in their similarity to the context of learning. Thirty-eight 7th grade students in two intact sections participated in the study. The treatment extended over seven weeks and involved teaching a unit about plate tectonics, earthquakes, and volcanoes. Only one of the two groups was explicitly taught about NOS in relation to the topics under study. To assess the change in students’ understandings of NOS and their ability to transfer these acquired understandings, a five-topic open-ended questionnaire and individual semi-structured interviews were used. Some of the questionnaire topics focused on scientific issues and were considered similar to the context of learning, while other topics were socioscientific and were considered less similar. Results showed that the transfer of participants’ acquired NOS understandings occurred when the context was similar to the context of learning and when the context was more familiar based on prior knowledge. Interpretations related to knowledge base schema, the distance between contexts, as well as the explicit teaching about transfer were discussed. 相似文献
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Constanta Olteanu Lucian Olteanu 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2012,10(4):803-826
The research study this article is based on aims to implement research knowledge to teaching, that is, the concept of critical aspects and dimensions of variation used in the variation theory. To do this, the researchers worked with willing teachers to explore how to make mathematics teaching more effective. This paper illustrates how teachers make use of a learning theory, the variation theory, as well as their own professional expertise and collaboration to help students improve their mathematical understanding of subtraction as well as their learning of it. The students’ tests, examinations of students’ mathematical work, the teachers’ lessons plan and reports of the instructions for lessons form the data base for the article. The analysis indicates that one of the critical aspects in the process of implementation of the variation theory in the teachers’ practice was to identify the critical aspects in students’ learning. Another critical aspect in the implementation of the variation theory was to open up dimensions of variation in the identified critical aspects of the students. By giving teachers the possibility to develop the ability to identify critical aspects in students’ learning, dimensions of variation are opened up in these aspects, and by applying this knowledge in the daily teaching, they have the possibility to improve students’ learning. The findings suggest that developing an understanding of the students’ critical aspects can be a productive basis in helping teachers make fundamental changes in their instructions and improve students’ learning. 相似文献
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Eric Pardede 《Teaching in Higher Education》2013,18(6):636-651
This paper describes the design of teaching and learning activities (TLAs) in an entrepreneurship subject offered to Information Technology (IT) students. We describe the challenges that we have encountered. Within one teaching semester, the students are expected to achieve a high level of applied knowledge in an area where they have little theoretical knowledge. We introduce TLAs that are not common in an IT curriculum. These TLAs use experience as the basis of knowledge, collaboration as the focus of learning and a reflective approach to structuring knowledge. We identify our rationale for using these new TLAs to achieve the intended learning outcomes for the subject based on the existing literature. To evaluate the effectiveness of our design, we conducted an annual survey. The results of the survey support our design. Student feedback surveys and end of course assessment results indicate that the new TLAs have enhanced the students’ learning. 相似文献
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Lung-Sheng Lee Yunn-Horng Guu Liang-Te Chang Chih-Chien Lai 《Environmental Education Research》2013,19(5):620-638
Energy saving and carbon-emissions reduction (ESCER) are widely regarded as important issues for progress towards ensuring sustainable forms of economic development. This Taiwanese study focuses on the effects of a series of educational activities about ESCER on students’ knowledge, attitudes and behavior. Sixty fifth-grade students from two elementary school classes were assigned to an experimental group, and 59 from two others to the control. Covariance and qualitative data analysis were conducted after 14 lessons on the topic in both ‘treatments.’ The following key findings emerged. First, hands-on ‘energy-saving house’ learning activities seemed to have positive effects on students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward ESCER, even as the design of authentic learning activities was recognized as not being as closely aligned to the students’ daily lives as they could have been for achieving behavior-related outcomes. Second, students demonstrated slight gains in conceptual knowledge and procedural knowledge via the hands-on activities, but some ESCER misconceptions persisted. We conclude that students’ learning processes, prior learning and authentic contexts for ESCER-related work should not be ignored in the attempt to link knowledge to action in teaching and learning activities. 相似文献
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A critical assumption made in Kapur’s (Instr Sci 40:651–672, 2012) productive failure design is that students have the necessary prerequisite knowledge resources to generate and explore solutions to problems before learning the targeted concept. Through two quasi-experimental studies, we interrogated this assumption in the context of learning a multilevel biological concept of monohybrid inheritance. In the first study, students were either provided or not provided with prerequisite micro-level knowledge prior to the generation phase. Findings suggested that students do not necessarily have adequate prior knowledge resources, especially those at the micro-level, to generate representations and solution methods for a multilevel concept such as monohybrid inheritance. The second study examined how this prerequisite knowledge provision influenced how much students learned from the subsequent instruction. Although the prerequisite knowledge provision helped students generate and explore the biological phenomenon at the micro- and macro-levels, the provision seemingly did not confer further learning advantage to these students. Instead, they had learning gains similar to those without the provision, and further reported lower lesson engagement and greater mental effort during the subsequent instruction. 相似文献
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《Learning and Instruction》2003,13(1):73-92
Recent research suggests that early in learning, students primarily use episodic memory when recalling information, but as learning develops and schematisation occurs, students’ knowledge is likely to be dominated by semantic memory. This shift has been examined through student’s memory awareness; ‘remembering’ is linked to episodic memory and ‘knowing’ is linked to semantic memory. This paper explores the effect of different review opportunities on students’ memory awareness and schematisation, and reports on findings that indicate students are more likely to shift from ‘remembering’ to ‘knowing’ if they have the opportunity to review the learning material, but regularly and in different formats. 相似文献
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对大一新生学习成绩的分析发现,新生成绩存在着性别和城乡差异,不存在明显的生源地差别。影响新生成绩不良的主要原因为个人认知、个人兴趣、学习基础和环境适应;影响大学生学习成效的主要因素是学习动机不强和社会环境支持不够。应从提高大学生认知水平和提供相应的社会、环境支持来帮助改善大学生的学习效果。 相似文献
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Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environments provide learners with multiple representational tools for storing, sharing, and constructing knowledge. However, little is known about how learners organize knowledge through multiple representations about complex socioscientific issues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate learners’ knowledge organization (KO) through multiple representations in a CSCL environment. We designed a learning unit on nuclear energy and implemented it with a group of 20 college students. The participants used a web-based hypertext KO platform that incorporated three representational modes: textual, pictorial, and concept map. The platform interlinked learners’ knowledge entries based on similar keywords. Utilizing mixed methods research we analyzed the individual entries and the knowledge base to determine KO both at the individual and the collective levels. We found that the density of the knowledge base was high; the learners mostly benefited from their text- and concept map-based entries, though the picture-based entries were also an important means for connecting entries with similar content and hence creating a dense knowledge base. Our results suggest that KO with multiple representations can create a more comprehensive knowledge base. Using distinct analytical approaches will allow CSCL researchers to better identify KO both at the individual and collective levels. 相似文献
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Milagros Castillo-Montoya 《Teaching in Higher Education》2017,22(5):587-603
Educational research indicates that teachers revealing and utilizing students’ prior knowledge supports students’ academic learning. Yet, the variation in students’ prior knowledge is not fully known. To better understand students’ prior knowledge, I drew on sociocultural learning theories to examine racially and ethnically diverse college students’ sociopolitical prior knowledge, a component of sociopolitical consciousness. In this qualitative study, I interviewed 18 first-generation college students in the U.S. who were enrolled in two introductory undergraduate sociology courses. Study participants identified as African-American, Latino, and/or White. The study reveals that students’ sociopolitical prior knowledge is comprised of awareness and understanding and it varies by topic of discussion. Further, college students’ sociopolitical prior knowledge is informed by lived experiences and can relate to subject-matter content. Implications for teaching and learning include having a deepened sense of novice learners’ modes of thinking. 相似文献
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Lilia Halim Sharifah Intan Sharina Syed Abdullah T. Subahan Mohd Meerah 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2014,23(2):227-237
Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is a type of teacher knowledge to be developed by a teacher. PCK is said to contribute to effective teaching. Most studies investigated the development of PCK and its influence on students’ learning from the teachers’ perspectives. Only a limited number of studies have investigated the components of science teachers’ PCK that helped students’ learning from the perspective of students. Thus, it is the aim of this study to investigate the level of science teachers’ PCK from students’ perspective, in particular whether or not students of different achieving ability had different views of teachers’ PCK in assisting their learning and understanding. Based on the PCK research literature, six components of PCK have been identified, which were as follows: (1) subject matter knowledge, (2) knowledge of teaching strategies, (3) knowledge of concept representation, (4) knowledge of teaching context, (5) knowledge of students, and (6) knowledge of assessment in learning science. A questionnaire consisting of 56 items on a five-point Likert-type scale were used for data collection from 316 Form Four students (16 years old). One-way analysis of variance revealed that the differences in science teachers’ PCK identified by students of different achieving abilities were statistically significant. Overall, students of various academic achieving abilities considered all the components of PCK as important. The low-achieving students viewed all the components of PCK as being less important compared to the high and moderate achievers. In particular, low-achieving students do not view ‘knowledge of concept representation’ as important for effective teaching. They valued the fact that teachers should be alert to their needs, such as being sensitive to students’ reactions and preparing additional learning materials. This study has revealed that PCK of science teachers should be different for high and low-achieving students and knowledge of students’ understanding plays a critical role in shaping teachers PCK. 相似文献
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词汇在英语学习和教学中非常重要,它是学习英语的基础,但许多学生反映词汇难记,今天背明天忘,导致对英语缺乏信心。在词汇教学课堂上,大多数教师以自身为主向学生灌输词汇知识,没有调动学生自身的主动性和积极性,导致词汇教学的沉闷和低效率。笔者通过探索学习策略,根据研究者对学生学习策略的调查研究及对学生词汇学习的观察,发现学生在词汇学习上存在的问题,并在此基础上提出教师应调整学生学习策略,开展以学生为中心的词汇教学,从而减少词汇教学的盲目性,提高学生学习词汇的积极性和效率,进一步提高学生的英语成绩。 相似文献
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Although ubiquitous learning is a novel and creative teaching approach, two key issues inhibit its success overall: a lack of appropriate learning strategies regarding learning objectives, and ineffective learning tools for receiving knowledge regarding the chosen subjects. To address these issues, we develops and designs a game-based educational app and an object-linked knowledge environment in order to help learners learn about Taiwan’s Austronesian culture. 70 fifth-grade students are split into experimental and control groups to determine whether there are significant learning differences. For the experimental group, we use a questionnaire survey to assess students’ learning condition and to measure their willingness to continue to use this app. The questionnaire examines mobile learning from the perspectives of service quality, hedonic value,and certain control variables. Service quality reliability is found to be the key factor driving learners’ willingness to use the system. The perception of hedonic value also has significant influence on learners’ willingness. The control variable of subjective norm is found to be beneficial in encouraging learners to use the system, thus affecting and increasing learners’ willingness. We conclude that in an outdoor object-linked knowledge environment, students learn more effectively when the activities involve the use of an educational app. 相似文献
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The present study was the first in Greece in which educational effectiveness theory constituted a knowledge base for investigating the impact of chemistry classroom environment in 10 Grade students’ enjoyment of class. An interpretive heuristic schema was developed and utilised in order to incorporate two factors of teacher behaviour at classroom level, namely, ‘content coverage’ and ‘cognitive teaching processes’, with the patterns of a typology of classroom environments. The latter was drawn from data collected in Attica (a region in Greece) using a new and valid instrument, the How Chemistry Class is Working, while the Enjoyment of Chemistry Lessons scale was used to measure students’ attitudes. A two-step cluster analysis revealed four patterns of the typology that were adaptable to the heuristic schema. The relationship between the patterns and students’ gender, as well the variation in the level of students’ enjoyment among the patterns, were explored. The traditional chemistry classroom environments were found to prevail and to be less enjoyable for the students, especially for the girls. It was found also that students enjoy chemistry lessons more when their goals are taken into account and they have an active role in learning process. 相似文献
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尹瑞雪 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2012,(6):428+431
目的——研究分析在康复教学中使用案例分析法的有效性。方法——将我校2011年1月～2011年6月进行康复医学学习的学生120名随机分为两组。对照组教学方法为常规教学方法,实验组教学方法为案例教学。观察比较两组学生的考试结果,并将结果进行统计学分析。结果——实验组学生采用案例教学方法后,对学习的兴趣更高,考试成绩更高,与对照组学生比较有显著差异,p<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论——采用案例教学方法对大学康复教学具有较好的效果,可以提高学生的学习主动性,将临床知识与理论知识相结合,进而提高学生学习成绩,值得在教学工作中应用。 相似文献