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1.
The aims of the study were to investigate whether children showing a low nonverbal/high verbal (LNV) WISC-R profile are more likely to exhibit behaviors conducive to school failure than children with a low verbal/high nonverbal (LV) profile, and to examine the relationships among these behaviors, the LNV/LV profiles, and reading ability. The 65 subjects included 27 LNV and 38 LV children, aged 5 to 11 years. Results confirmed earlier findings (Badian 1986) that LNV children are perceived by their teachers as significantly poorer than LV children in many behaviors associated with school success. There was a dichotomy, however, between LNV good and poor readers. All LNV subjects displayed problems in organizational skills, but those who were dyslexic were poorer in social behavior (e.g., acceptance of criticism and peer relationships) than either LNV good readers or LV good or poor readers. It was concluded that children with a low nonverbal/high verbal profile and a probable right hemisphere dysfunction, who appear to be dyslexic in the early school years, are at high risk for both social behavior problems and school failure, and that these children are a more high-risk group than poor readers with a low verbal/high nonverbal profile.  相似文献   

2.
The verbal and nonverbal communication behaviors of consultants and consultees were examined in this study. The problem identification interviews (Bergan, 1977) of two consultants and 20 consultees were videotaped as they discussed school problems being experienced by the consultees. A modified version of the Message Process category of Bergan's (1977) Consultation Analysis Record was employed to measure verbal behavior. Nonverbal behaviors (Facial, Voice, and Body) were assessed as either positive, negative, or neutral following the coding scheme employed by Gottman, Markman, and Notarious (1977). Consultant and consultee verbal and nonverbal behaviors were coded each 10 sec using a system of momentary time sampling. Preliminary mapping of consultation communication behaviors are presented. A more complex behavior code is suggested to better understand the nature of communication interactions during consultation sessions. Limitations of the' current study are examined and results are discussed in terms of implications for consultation practice and future research.  相似文献   

3.
非言语行为在教学中的应用研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
人类的交际分言语交际和非言语交际。然而,在大多情况下,人们更倾向于相信非言语交际行为所传递的信息。而在课堂教学环境中,教师的非言语行为直接影响学生对讲授内容的理解。因此,有必要了解影响教学效果的主要非言语行为及其作用,以便在教学活动中有的放矢,取得事半功倍的教学效果。文章首先论述了非言语交际的定义、分类与功能;继而探讨了外语课堂教学中非言语行为的作用,在此基础上,提出提高学生非言语交际能力的方法。  相似文献   

4.
To investigate social exclusion, 146 dyads of close friends (N = 292, ages 10, 12, and 14) were observed as they played a board game with a same-gender confederate actor, trained to be a difficult play partner. Verbalizations and gestures were coded for verbal and nonverbal social exclusion, verbal aggression, and verbal assertion. The results indicated few developmental differences. For verbal responses in the presence of the actor, boys were more socially exclusive and verbally aggressive than were girls. Girls engaged in more nonverbal social exclusion in the presence of the actor than did boys. Girls' socially exclusive behaviors were unrelated to other negative behaviors and more strongly related between friends in the actor's absence.  相似文献   

5.
We compared the extent to which the long-term influence of family socioeconomic status (SES) on children's school performance from age 7 through 16 years was mediated by their preschool verbal and nonverbal ability. In 661 British children, who completed 17 researcher-administered ability tests at age 4.5 years, SES correlated more strongly with verbal than nonverbal ability (.39 vs. .26). Verbal ability mediated about half of the association between SES and school performance at age 7, while nonverbal ability accounted for a third of the link. Only SES, but not verbal or nonverbal ability, was associated with changes in school performance from age 7 to 16. We found that SES-related differences in school performance are only partly transmitted through children's preschool verbal abilities.  相似文献   

6.
In a longitudinal genetic study we explored which factors underlie stability in verbal and nonverbal abilities, and the extent to which the association between these abilities becomes stronger as children grow older. Measures of verbal and nonverbal IQ were collected in Dutch twin pairs at age 5, 7, 10, 12 and 18 years. The stability of both verbal and nonverbal abilities was high, with correlations over time varying from .47 for the 13-year time interval up to .80 for shorter time intervals. Structural equation modeling showed increasing heritability with age, from 48% (verbal) and 64% (nonverbal) at age 5 to 84% and 74% at age 18. Genetic influences seemed to be the driving force behind stability. Stability in nonverbal ability was entirely explained by genes. Continuity in verbal abilities was explained by genetic and shared environmental effects. The overlap between verbal and nonverbal abilities was fully accounted for by genes influencing both abilities. The genetic correlation between verbal and nonverbal IQ increased from .62 in early childhood to .73 in young adulthood.  相似文献   

7.
在跨文化交际中,除了语言行为之外,非言语行为也发挥着相当重要的作用,它包括身势语、空间语、目光语等等,具有很强的民族文化特征。非言语交际教学是外语教学的一个重要组成部分,在外语教学中介绍有关非言语交际的文化内涵,培养学生跨文化非言语交际能力,使学生具备较为全面的跨文化交际素质,是培养进行国际交流与合作所需人才的需要,也是外语教学面临的一个新任务。  相似文献   

8.
作为言语交际的重要补充形式，非言语交际能传递言语交际难以表达的事物、意念和情感。外语教学的最终目的是培养语言的交际能力，这就需要教师和学生调动语言知识和非语言知识去参与理解并作出语言的和非语言的反馈。在教学中，教师恰当运用体态语、手势语、副语言和空间语非语言交际，对提高外语教学的效果具有十分重要的作用。  相似文献   

9.
Book Reviews     
Abstract

The verbal and nonverbal behaviors of sixth grade children tutoring third grade children were analyzed. Results showed that when the tutee was doing well there was a greater proportion of positively toned affective statements made by the tutor, and when the tutee was doing poorly there were more negatively toned affective statements. Similarly, the nonverbal behavior of tutors tended to reflect the performance of the tutee. The relationship between verbal and nonverbal behavior was examined.  相似文献   

10.
文章以言语和非言语交际为基础,对跨文化语用失误进行重新界定和分类,使广大英语教师意识到在对学生进行言语语用能力培养的同时,也应该注重学生非言语语用能力的培养。  相似文献   

11.
Ⅰ　　Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｓｎｏｔａｎｏｂｊｅｃｔｗｅｃａｎｈｏｌｄｉｎｏｕｒｈａｎｄ -ｉｔｉｓａｎａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｎｗｈｉｃｈｗｅｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｅ (Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ ,1991) .Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉ ｃａｔｉｏｎｉｓｕｓｕａｌｌｙｄｅｖｉｄｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｗｏｐｒｉｍａｒｙｃａｔｅｇｏｒｉｅｓ :ｖｅｒｂａｌａｎｄｎｏｎｖｅｒｂａｌ(Ｂｒｏｏｋｓ ,1974 )ｉｎｔｅｒｍｓｏｆｉｔｓｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ.Ｖｅｒｂａｌｃｏｍｍｕ ｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ(ＶＣ)ｍｅａｎｓｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｌａｎｇｕａｇ…  相似文献   

12.
Verbal and quantitative reasoning tests provide valuable information about cognitive abilities that are important to academic success. Information about these abilities may be particularly valuable to teachers of students who are English‐language learners (ELL), because leveraging reasoning skills to support comprehension is a critical aptitude for their academic success. However, due to concerns about cultural bias, many researchers advise exclusive use of nonverbal tests with ELL students despite a lack of evidence that nonverbal tests provide greater validity for these students. In this study, a test measuring verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal reasoning was administered to a culturally and linguistically diverse sample of students. The two‐year predictive relationship between ability and achievement scores revealed that nonverbal scores had weaker correlations with future achievement than did quantitative and verbal reasoning ability scores for ELL and non‐ELL students. Results do not indicate differential prediction and do not support the exclusive use of nonverbal tests for ELL students. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

13.
Despite cognitive neuroscience's emphasis on the modularity of cognitive processes, multivariate genetic research indicates that the same genetic factors largely affect diverse cognitive abilities, at least from middle childhood onward. We explored this issue for verbal and nonverbal cognitive development in infancy in a study of 1,937 pairs of same-sex 2-year-old twins born in England and Wales in 1994. The twins were assessed by having their parents use a measure of productive vocabulary (the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory) and a novel measure of nonverbal cognitive abilities (Parent Report of Children's Ability). Verbal and nonverbal development correlated .42. A multivariate genetic analysis indicated that genetic factors were responsible for less than half of this phenotypic correlation. Moreover, the genetic correlation between verbal and nonverbal abilities was only .30, which indicates that genetic effects on verbal and nonverbal abilities are largely independent in infancy. These multivariate genetic results suggest that genetic effects on cognitive abilities are modular early in development and then become increasingly molar. The implications of this result for theories of cognitive development are discussed.  相似文献   

14.
This study investigated whether a group of children with reading disabilities (RD) were slower at processing visual information in general (compared to a group of children of comparable age and a group of children of comparable reading level), or whether their deficit was specific to the written word. Computerized backward masking and temporal integration tasks were used to assess the speed of visual information processing. Stimulus complexity (simple, complex) and type (verbal, nonverbal) were varied, creating a 2 x 2 matrix of stimulus conditions: simple nonverbal, complex nonverbal, simple verbal, and complex verbal. Adolescents with RD demonstrated difficulties in processing rapidly presented verbal and nonverbal visual stimuli, although the effect was magnified when they were processing verbal stimuli. Thus, the results of this study suggest that some youth with reading disabilities have visual temporal processing deficits that compound difficulties in processing verbal information during reading.  相似文献   

15.
人类交际体系是由语言交际和非语言交际构成的,非语言交际是整个交际过程中不可缺少的组成部分。非语言交际的系统知识是大学英语教学中的一个重要内容。分析非语言交际的功能,阐明非语言行为在英语教学中对学生的语言学习产生的重要影响,教师把非语言交际手段应用到英语教学中,都有助于提高教学效果。  相似文献   

16.
We investigated in a pilot study the effects of various types of visual mediation (photos, written words and self‐paced syllabic segmentation of written words displayed on a touchscreen tablet) that are thought to facilitate the oral production of nonverbal and minimally verbal children with autism, according to the participants’ level of oral language development and, more specifically, their ability to produce delayed echolalia. We also sought to identify the cognitive characteristics that need to be taken into account when seeking to develop the oral production of nonverbal children with autism. Results showed that the nonverbal and minimally verbal children with autism were able of using written words to produce them orally. Their performance was largely dependent on their level of language development. Tasks combining written and oral modalities prompted some of them to engage in oral production for the first time (isolated syllables for nonverbal children) and allowed others to produce non‐random strings of syllables (minimally verbal children).  相似文献   

17.
This study examined the relationship between lecture notetaking behaviors and academic ability and the relationship among lecture notetaking behaviors, information-processing ability, and more global measures of ability (i.e., GPA and ACT scores). Previous research had not investigated working-memory ability and specific notetaking behaviors. Four types of information were gathered from the 32 undergraduate students participating in this experiment: (a) score on a test of information-processing ability, (b) analyses of notes taken during a designated lecture, (c) score on a test pertaining to that lecture, and (d) score on a course exam covering several other lectures. In addition, GPA and ACT scores were drawn from each student's records. Results confirmed that amount of notetaking is related to academic achievement and established that ability to hold and manipulate prepositional knowledge in working memory is related to the number of words, complex propositions, and main ideas recorded in notes. In fact, stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that this information-processing ability was a more significant predictor of complex propositions and words recorded in notes than were global measures of ability such as GPA or ACT scores. This research is of practical importance because pedagogical activities may reduce cognitive strain associated with notetaking and because information-processing ability is, in part, controllable.  相似文献   

18.
人类的交际包括语言和非语言交际,其中非语言交际在交际中起着十分重要的作用。由于非语言行为不能与文化分割,所以交际双方在跨文化交际中可能会因文化背景的差异而导致非语言语用失误。本文试图从身势语。副语言,客体语以及环境语等方面来探讨非语言语用失误行为及其在不同文化中的表现差异,并对如何培养和提高跨文化非语言交际能力提出一些建议。  相似文献   

19.
In two studies, we compared young children's performance on three variations of a nonverbally presented calculation task. The experimental tasks used the same nonverbal mode of presentation but were varied according to response type: (1) putting out disks (nonverbal production); (2) choosing the correct number of disks from a multiple-choice array (nonverbal recognition); and (3) giving a number word (verbal production). The verbal production task required children to map numerosities onto the conventional number system while the nonverbal production and nonverbal recognition tasks did not. Study 1 showed that the performance of 3-, 4- and 5-year-old middle-income children (N = 72) did not vary with the type of response required. Children's answers to nonverbally presented addition and subtraction problems were available in both verbal and nonverbal forms. In contrast. Study 2 showed that low-income children (3- and 4-year-olds; N = 48) performed significantly better on both nonverbal response type tasks than on the verbal response type task. Analysis of individual data indicated that a number of the low-income children were successful on the completely nonverbal calculation tasks, even though they had difficulty with verbal counting (i.e., set enumeration and cardinality). The findings suggest that the ability to calculate does not depend on mastery of conventional symbols of arithmetic.  相似文献   

20.
To determine whether differential levels of anxiety and recall occur during vicarious modeling or self-observation, six counselor trainees were shown five videotaped segments of counselor-client interactions—two of a different counselor and client and three of themselves counseling (one of which was viewed in the presence of the trainees' supervising professor). Anxiety was measured by self-reports and hand temperature and recall was assessed by several questions regarding the verbal and nonverbal behaviors demonstrated in each segment. Although a significant negative correlation was found between the physiological measure of anxiety and recall (ρ = –.90), no significant differences were revealed in the amount of anxiety relative to other-model versus self-observation. Trainees recalled a significantly greater amount of verbal behaviors during other-model observation than in self-observation conditions, whereas the reverse was found for nonverbal behaviors. Additionally, the presence of the supervising professor effected a dramatic increase in anxiety and decrease in recall.  相似文献   

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