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1.
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is the most rapidly growing chronic metabolic disorder in the world. With advancement in the age and duration of diabetes there is a gradual tendency for the level of blood sugar to rise along with a subsequent increase in the HbA1c as well as in the fasting insulin level. Whether this is an aging process or increased frequency of diabetes is still controversial. The correlation between glucose and insulin sensitivity is consistent with the idea that the degree of chronic hyperglycemia is a cause of excessive insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, i.e. the insulin resistance which characterizes type 2 diabetes but not nondiabetic subjects matched for age, gender, family history and duration of diabetes. The study comprised a total of 76 subjects out of which 30 were normal, non-diabetic persons and the rest 46 were diabetics with different duration of time in years, after being diagnosed diabetic. Data was analyzed after dividing the subjects into four groups—Group 1 comprised of one year old diabetics, Group 2 was made up of those, who had diabetes, for the past 2–5 years, Group 3 included patients who were diabetic since more than 5 years and Group 4 included non-diabetics as the normal control group. The results obtained indicated that the HbA1c levels showed a significant increase with the duration of diabetes as well as the insulin level showed a significant correlation after adjustment for age, sex and duration of diabetes.  相似文献   

2.
Nineteen subjects of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) between the age group of 30–60 yrs were studied to see the effect of specific yoga asanas on fasting and postprandial blood glucose (FBG, PPG), serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) in addition to drug treatment and diet control. The duration of diabetes ranged from 1–10 years. Patients with renal, cardiac and proliferative retinal diseases were excluded from the study. The same patients served as their own control. Subjects were called in the morning to the cardio-respiratory laboratory and were given training by a yoga expert. Yoga asanas included Suryanamskar, Tadasan, TriKonasan, Padmasan, Pranayam, Paschimottanasan, Ardhmatsyendrasan, Pavanmukthasan, Sarpasan and Shavasan. The asanas were done every day for 40 days for 30–40 min. FBG, PPG, serum MDA and HbA1 were estimated before and after 40 days of yoga asanas regimen. Significant reduction was seen in FBG from 220 mg/dl to 162 mg/dl, PPG from 311 mg/dl to 255 mg/dl, MDA from 6 nmol/l to 3 nmol/l and HbA1, from 8.8% to 6.4%. Subjects felt better and were relieved of their stresses and had an improvement in their day to day performance. The decrease was statistically significant (p<0.0001 for FBG and PPG, p<0.001 for MDA and for HbA1).  相似文献   

3.
Elevated plasma triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations may cause insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a rate-determining enzyme in lipid metabolism. A variant in the LPL gene has been identified which alters the penultimate amino acid Serine at 447 to a stop codon (S447X), and results in a truncated LPL molecule lacking the C-terminal dipeptide Ser–Gly. The present study was designed to evaluate the frequency of S447X variant in the LPL gene and its effect on the lipid and lipoprotein levels in type 2 diabetic subjects. The genotype frequency distributions of type 2 diabetes patients and controls were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Comparison of the genotype and allelic frequencies of S447X in subjects with type 2 diabetics compared to controls demonstrated no significant difference. In subjects with type 2 diabetics having hypertriglyceridemia (TG ≥ 150 mg/dl) compared to diabetics with TG level <150 mg/dl, significant difference in genotype frequency was found among these groups, while allelic frequency of X was significantly differed. Logistic regression analysis showed the negative association of LPL S447X variant with TG and VLDL cholesterol, while no association with total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was found. The lipid levels except for HDL cholesterol were found to be significantly lower in carriers for S447X than wild type in diabetes group. The decreased level of TG and TG rich lipoprotein in subjects with SNP S447X in LPL, predicts anti-atherogenic activity of carriers for S447X variant in general population as well as type 2 diabetic patients.  相似文献   

4.
Increased oxidative stress is a widely accepted participant in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus and effect of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress. In all 120 subjects were enrolled in the present study, 40 subjects are age and sex matched controls. Test group comprised of clinically diagnosed (n = 80) type 2 diabetic patients. Biochemical parameters like serum MDA, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, erythrocyte reduced glutathione and platelet aggregation were analyzed in control and diabetic group. Test group is further categorized as Group I (n = 40) diabetics were treated by only hypoglycemic drugs and Group II (n = 40) diabetics were treated by hypoglycemic drugs with vitamin E supplementation. All above biochemical parameters were again reassessed after 3 months follow-up in both group and its values were compared with its respective baseline levels. The study shows, reduction of oxidative stress, improvement in antioxidant enzymes and endothelial dysfunction in group II, those were on treatment of hypoglycemic drugs along with vitamin E supplementation. Hence the present study may conclude that vitamin E supplementation along with hypoglycemic drugs may be beneficial to type 2 DM patients to minimize vascular complications.  相似文献   

5.
There is scanty information on the role of genetic factors, especially those relating to haptoglobin (Hp) phenotypes in the expression of complications among diabetes mellitus patients in Ghana. In this study, we investigated whether there is any association between Hp phenotypes and diabetic complications and to determine if association of the Hp phenotypes with diabetic complications in Ghanaian diabetics differ from those in Caucasians. A total of 398 participants were randomly recruited into the study. These comprised diabetic patients numbering 290 attending a diabetes Clinic in Ghana and 108 non-diabetic controls from the same community. Analyses of the results indicate that most of the diabetics with complications were of the Hp 2–2 (35%) and Hp 2–1 (23.9%) phenotypes. Fewer diabetics were found to be of the Hp 2–1 M phenotype. The controls were mostly of Hp 1–1 and Hp 2–1 M phenotypes. The odds ratio of having complications in a diabetic with an Hp 2–2 phenotype was 18.27 times greater than that for Hp 0–0. Hp 2–2 phenotype with its poor antioxidant activity may therefore be a useful predictor for the propensity of an individual to develop diabetes complications.  相似文献   

6.
Asian Indians are known to be at a higher risk of developing T2DM, but the underlying genetic factor in this population is still not well understood. T2DM is a complex genetic trait and assessment of disease related intermediate phenotypic traits is an important initial step towards any systematic genomic study. Therefore, in the present study we have assessed diabetes related intermediate phenotypic traits of insulin secretion and insulin resistance in the patients belonging to this population. The study included 157 T2DM patients of either sex ranging in age from 45–80 years and 84 non-diabetic subjects with no family history of diabetes, ranging in age from 45 to 75 years served as controls. Intermediate phenotypic traits studied were BMI, W: H ratio, fasting free fatty acid level and Insulin resistance and secretion. Diabetics were found to have significantly higher W: H ratio (p<0.001), FFA (p<0.001) and HOMA-R (p<0.001) as compared to non-diabetics. However, there was no significant difference in their BMI and HOMA-β. There was a positive correlation between FFA level and HOMA-R among diabetics, but not among controls. These findings suggest that in abdominal obesity FFA mediated insulin resistance is an important causative factor underlying T2DM in this population. Moreover, comparable HOMA-β in diabetics reflects compensatory insulin hyper secretion in these subjects. There is a need to examine relative contribution and precise nature of genetic factor in their tendency for central obesity, free fatty acidemia and insulin resistance.  相似文献   

7.
This study was carried out to see the effect of the aqueous extract ofOcitum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) with Vitamin E on biochemical parameters and retinopathy in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino male rats. Adult albino male rats weighing 150–200 gm were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in the dose 60 mg/kg in citrate buffer (pH 6.3). The diabetic animals were left for one month to develop retinopathy. Biochemical parameters like plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance and glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c, were measured along with lipid profile, and enzymes like glutathione peroxidase (GPX), lipid peroxidase (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in normal, untreated diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated withOcimum sanctum L extracts and vitamin E. Fluorescein angiography test was done for assessing retinopathy. Results on biochemical parameters were analyzed statistically by using ANOVA followed by Dunnet's ‘t’-test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Evaluation of biochemical profile in treated groups showed statistically significant reduction in plasma levels of glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile and LPO, and elevation of GPX, SOD, CAT and GST. Treatment of the diabetic animals withOcimum sanctum and Vitamin E, alone and in combination for 16 weeks showed reversal of most of the parameters studied including plasma glucose levels. Angiography showed improvement in retinal changes following combined antidiabetic treatment.  相似文献   

8.
12hrs fasting samples of 1485 apparently healthy, Assamese population in the age group of 20–80 yrs., mostly from the urban area of Assam were tested for serum lipid profile that includes total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) over a period of three years. The values (median and range in mg/dl) obtained were 170 (93–263); 110 (40–256); 40 (23–73); 103 (40–173) and 22 (8–51) respectively. After grouping these subjects according to the age and sex no significant difference were observed between most of the groups. Median and upper range of total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C were found to be higher in women than in men in all the age groups. But triacylglycerol and VLDL-C concentrations were observed to be higher in the men than women except in age group of 61–70 yrs. It can be suggested that lipid values obtained in this study can be used as the reference value, based on which clinical correlation can be made.  相似文献   

9.
A study was undertaken for evaluating the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of an ayurvedic medicine “Rajanyamalakadi” containing Curcuma longa, Emblica officinalis and Salacia oblonga in type II diabetic patients over a period of 3 months. Ethical committee consent for the study was given by the Director, Indian Systems of Medicine, Kerala. A total of 43 patients with established diabetes mellitus as adjudged from clinical features and FBS values, appeared for the camp (Age group 35–75 yrs). An informed consent for the study was obtained from each patient. The clinical proforma was given to each patient to collect data such as height, weight, diet pattern, previous history of illness etc. The ongoing antidiabetic medications were stopped under medical supervision and the patients were provided with ‘Rajanyamalakadi’ tablets (dose 1–2 tablets each weighing 500mg). The dosage of the drug was decided by the supervising medical officer on a case to case basis, taking note of the clinical conditions and responsiveness of the patients. The patients were monitored for three months, who were divided into 6 groups based on their age and again into two groups, 5 & 6, based on their mean FBS values. ie; Normal Persons, Diabetics of age groups 35–45yrs, 46–55yrs, >55yrs and those with FBS < 145.9 mg% and > 145.9 mg%. The Ayurvedic medicine “Rajanyamalakadi” has showed significant antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects. In addition to that significant ameliorating effects on the elevated serum AST and ALT activities were also demonstrated by the treatment. The nutraceuticals present in the drug like Terpenoids, Polyphenols, Curcumin etc are responsible for the medicinal effects.  相似文献   

10.
Serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid (FFA) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were studied in 10 undernourished and 10 better nourished diabetic patients at different periods of insulin treatment and in non-diabetic controls. Serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride and FFA were significantly higher in untreated diabetic patients than in control but the elevated lipid levels gradually shifted towards normal on insulin treatment. The HDL cholesterol, on the other hand, was significantly lower in untreated diabetic subjects than those in controls and the HDL cholesterol also gradually modified on insulin therapy. However, the improvement of all the lipid parameters on insulin treatment was somewhat delayed in undernourished compared to those of better nourished diabetics. These results, therefore, suggest that malnutrition interferes with the serum lipid improvement in diabetics on insulin treatment and may make them more prone to develop vascular complications.  相似文献   

11.
Aqueous extract of the wood ofPterocarpus marsupium, commonly known as ‘bijasar’, is used in Indian Ayurveda system of medicine for treatment of diabetes. The active anti-diabetic principle in its aqueous extract has been found to be (-)epicatechin, a flavonoid. The present work was undertaken to study the effect of (-)epicatechin on erythrocyte membrane Ca++-ATPase from type 2 diabetic patients. The activity of erythrocyte Ca++-ATPase was significantly lower in type 2 diabetics.In vitro insulin treatment of erythrocyte ghosts, resulted in the increase of Ca++-ATPase activity in diabetic patients. Treatment with (-)epicatechin (1mM) resulted in an increase in the activity of erythrocyte Ca++-ATPase in both normal individuals and type 2 diabetic patients. The insulin like effect of (-)epicatechin on erythrocyte membrane Ca++-ATPase in type 2 diabetics is an interesting finding. Further work is needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of (-)epicatechin on modulation of erythrocyte membrane bound enzymes.  相似文献   

12.
The study was planned to assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders in type 2 diabetes in North Indian population and to correlate the serum insulin and glycosylated haemoglobin levels with thyroid hormones. It is a case control study. One hundred and twenty patients of type 2 diabetes were included in the study along with 117 adults of the same age group and normal glucose levels as controls. All blood samples were taken from subjects who fasted for at least 12 h before the blood collection. Glycosylated hemoglobin was determined by ion exchange chromatography and serum insulin and thyroid hormones were assessed through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in diabetics showing a poor glucose control. Serum tri-iodothyronine values were significantly lower in diabetics. There was a significant correlation between glycosylated haemoglobin and thyroid hormones. There was no correlation between serum insulin and thyroid hormones.  相似文献   

13.
The study was designed to find out the correlation between lipid peroxidation, lipoprotein levels to severity and complication of diabetes mellitus. Degree of lipid peroxidation was measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) along with lipid profile and blood glucose in diabetes mellitus. It is categorised into insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and diabetes mellitus(DM) with complication. Total 112 known diabetic patients and 52 non-diabetic controls were studied. These patients were grouped as per the concentration of fasting blood glucose level i.e. controlled, poorly controlled, and uncontrolled group. There are significant increase in the lipid peroxide (MDA) and lipid profile except HDL cholesterol which is decreased, has been found in all groups as compared to controls In NIDDM group lipid peroxidation was markedly increased than IDDM group and it was higher in DM with complications. Other finding observed was that the level of lipid peroxide increased as per the increase in concentration of blood glucose. The increase lipid peroxidation in the hyperglycemic condition may be explained, as the superoxide dismutase enzyme which is antioxidant becomes inactive due the formation of superoxide radical within the cell. Maximum lipid peroxidation leads to the damage of the tissue and organs which results into complication in diabetic patients. High levels of total cholesterol appear due to increased cholesterol synthesis. The triglyceride levels changes according to the glycemic, control. The increase may be due to overproduction of VLDL-TG. It is concluded that good metabolic control of hyperglycemia will prevent in alteration in peroxidation and the lipid metabolism, which may help in good prognosis and preventing manifestation of vascular and secondary complication in diabetes mellitus.  相似文献   

14.
In order to determine whether the screening of lipid profile is justified in patients with hypothyroidism we estimated serum lipids in cases having different levels of serum TSH. 60 patients of hypothyroidism in the age group of 20 to 60 yrs were studied for thyroid profile over a period of one year. On the basis of serum TSH level the cases were divided into three groups: In the first group TSH concentration was 8.8±2.99 μlU/ml, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 8.8±1.07, whereas serum total cholesterol and LDL-chol levels were 196±37.22 and 126±29.17 mg/dl respectively. The statistical analysis of these two groups showed a significant correlation between raised TSH levels and serum total cholesterol and LDL-chol (P<0.05 & P<0.01) respectively. We conclude that hypothyrodism is associated with changes in lipid profile.  相似文献   

15.

Introduction:

Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes. Genetic factors, lipid profiles, hypertension are potential risk factors for diabetes mellitus. Adenosine binding cassette transporter proteins 1 (ABCA1) plays a role in cholesterol metabolism, especially high density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol). There are multiple mechanisms by which HDL-cholesterol can be atheroprotective, it is clear that the relative activity of ABCA1 plays a major role. We aimed to investigate association of ABCA1 C69T gene polymorphism with lipid levels in Turkish type 2 diabetic patients.

Materials and methods:

After isolation of DNA by ethanol precipitation we determined ABCA1 gene polymorphism by using polimerase chain reaction - restriction fragment lenght polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in 107 type 2 diabetic patients and 50 healthy controls.

Results:

We have observed that the frequency of TT genotype is significantly higher in healthy controls compared to patients (14% vs. 3%; P = 0.008). Also frequency of T allele was higher in controls than in patients (34% vs. 21%; P = 0.020; OR (95% CI) = 0.52 (0.30–0.88)). There was no association of lipid levels and ABCA1 C69T polymorphism subgroups.

Conclusion:

We have found significantly higher frequency of both T allele and genotype in control group when compared to patients that made us think that T allele may be a protective factor against diabetes mellitus. But, we could not find a relationship between genotypes and lipid concentrations in our two groups. Larger studies will help us to understand the relationship between ABCA1 C69T genotype and lipid parameters in diabetes mellitus.  相似文献   

16.
In this study, differences in lipid levels amongst diabetics with and without complications were assessed to determine lipid disorders that are associated with diabetic complications other than cardiovascular diseases. A Cross sectional study design was employed. The study included 288 diabetics and 108 non diabetics with different types of complications such as hypertension, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. The mean serum total cholesterol was higher in patients with complications compared to those without complications and the non-diabetic controls. The normotensive diabetic patients had the lowest total cholesterol among the diabetic patients’ groups (4.65 ± 0.17 mmol/l) compared to the diabetics with hypertension (6.051 ± 0.20 mmol/l), retinopathy (6.26 ± 0.29 mmol/l), neuropathy (5.80 ± 0.17 mmol/l) and nephropathy patients 5.74 ± 0.26 mmol/l (P < 0.05). The prevalence of dyslipidaemia among diabetic subjects was between 19.2 and 84.0%. The study shows that, in addition to macrovascular complications, dyslipidaemia is common in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with microvascular complications.  相似文献   

17.
Abnormal lipid profile is often found in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. To assess the impact of abnormal lipid profile on atherosclerosis in young Polycystic Ovary Syndrome women, carotid intima-media thickness as judged by B-mode ultrasonography were done in 30 young (18–35 yrs) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome women and in similarly age-matched 30 apparently healthy controls. Compared to controls, young Polycystic Ovary Syndrome women had significantly elevated serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C levels and carotid intima-media thickness. HDL-C level did not differ significantly between two groups of women. In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome women carotid intima-media thickness was positively correlated with serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C and negatively correlated with serum HDL-C. Our study suggests that even young Polycystic Ovary Syndrome women are prone to atherosclerosis from early age.  相似文献   

18.
To examine the effect of “DeepaniyaVati”, a herbal formulation in the management of hyperlipidemia, a randomized group pre-test post-test study trial was carried out on fifty male (30 to 70 yrs) hyperlipidemic volunteers who were asked to follow their normal routine diet and activity pattern throughout the investigation period. The formulation, prepared by mixing nine plant products in equal proportion, when given in a daily dose of 2g, twice a day for a period of one month, brought about an observable improvement in all the lipid parameters by significantly reducing total cholesterol (10%), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (12.76%), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (27.4%), triglycerides (34.7%) and bringing these values much nearer to the normal levels. In control group, no such effect was noticed. A concomitant significant increase in the HDL-C levels suggests the possible utility of “Deepaniya Vati” in the management of hyperlipidemia and the need for further detailed study.  相似文献   

19.
There was increase in erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in red blood cells (RBC's), white blood cells (WBC's) and plasma, in 30 patients of confirmed diabetes mellitus, 10 each of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM or type I), non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM or type II) and diabetes with ketoacidosis when compared with 20 healthy individuals (controls). Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c%, plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol levels were also elevated in all the cases when compared with controls. The increase was more in diabetic ketoacidosis group. Significant positive correlations were seen between erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and ADA activities in RBC's, WBC's and plasma. It is suggested that decreased tissue adenosine levels due to increase in ADA activity, is related to the severity of hyperglycemia and lipid peroxidation in diabetes mellitus.  相似文献   

20.
A number of factors are linked with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), a condition that ranges from clinically benign fatty liver to its more severe form, non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, we evaluated the role of cytokines secreted from adipose tissue in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. We also compared anthropometric profile, lipid profile and insulin resistance data in 105 NAFLD patients with 77 normal subjects. These subjects showed a normal serum albumin level, prothrombin time and renal function but elevated aminotransferases. Predisposing factors were diabetes mellitus (35%), overweight (56%) and hyperlipidemia (44%). Insulin resistance (IR), determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was confirmed in 70% patients with NAFLD and 42% patients fulfilled the minimum criteria for insulin resistance syndrome (IRS). NAFLD patients showed elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6, while anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 level decreased and IL-10 level remain unchanged; however, TGF-β1 level elevated significantly compared to normal subjects. While insulin level and HOMA-IR both were significantly positively correlated with BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and TGF-β1; glucose, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly positively correlated with HOMA-IR only. In conclusion, pro-inflammatory cytokines play an important link between metabolic and liver disorders in the fat accumulation, and thereby cause IR, inflammation and liver fibrosis.  相似文献   

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