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1.
A major challenge for learning theories is to illuminate how particular kinds of learning experiences and environments promote
the development of expertise. Research has been conducted into novice-expert differences in various domains, but few studies
have examined the processes involved in learners’ expertise development. In an attempt to understand the development of expertise
in instructional design (ID) among graduate students, this study aimed to investigate (1) the patterns of expertise development
among ID learners over an extended period; (2) the roles of expert modelling, peer feedback, self-reflection and participation
in a supportive learning community in learners’ expertise development; and (3) the interactions of individual differences
and the learning environment in learners’ expertise development. A qualitative design was used to investigate students’ expertise
development across a range of dimensions. The participants were two cohorts of 11 graduate students in a program on instructional
psychology and design. Data, including observations, interviews, design documents, metacognitive essays and peer feedback,
were collected for triangulation and in-depth analysis. The results showed that the two cohorts exhibited similar patterns
in their ID expertise development. These development processes were influenced by both self-processes and social influences.
Self-processes are determined by the perceptions, motivation and prior knowledge that students bring into the learning environment.
Social influences are characterised by a learning community that encourages peer interactions and feedback and is supported
by expert modelling and scaffolding. 相似文献
2.
Philippe C. Duchastel 《Instructional Science》1990,19(6):437-444
There is strong interest in the field of instructional design in building expert systems that can provide advice to inexperienced instructional designers. This paper questions whether the expert systems model to advice-giving is in fact appropriate for a design process such as instructional design. An alternate approach based on case-based reasoning and the critic approach to advice-giving is considered to be better adapted to the cognitive needs of this task. The cognitive constraints of the task are used to orient the design of an instructional design workbench. The concept of an ID workbench illustrates the direct application of cognitive science to a complex practical task in the area of design. 相似文献
3.
Neal Shambaugh Susan Magliaro 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2001,49(2):69-92
Although there are numerous models to practive instructional design (ID), few instructional models to teach instructional
design have been documented. This article documents a five-year study of two instructors who collaborated on formally studying
their teaching of a master's level instructional design course. A reflexive instructional approach was used, in which the
teachers examined their teaching while students were being prompted to reflect on their learning of instructional design through
a course-long ID project. In this article we summarize our views on learning, teaching, and instructional design. A design
and development framework from developmental research (Richey & Nelson, 1996) was used to describe our teaching in terms of
the design decisions, model implementation, and model evaluation across six deliveries of the ID course from 1994–1998. 相似文献
4.
Gerald S. Edmonds Robert C. Branch Prachee Mukherjee 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1994,42(4):55-72
Instructional design (ID) professionals typically employ models that guide their practice. However, it is unclear how a specific
model is selected for an instructional situation. Andrews and Goodson (1980) provided a valuable procedure for comparing instructional
design models, but because of the proliferation of variations in instructional design applications during the past decade,
the introduction of instructional design into new learning contexts and the emergence of alternative approaches to instructional
design, there has emerged a need for a new framework which assesses the potential success of any instructional design model.
A framework is presented here which is intended to provide a conceptual tool for determining appropriate instructional design
applications. 相似文献
5.
Mable B. Kinzie M. Elizabeth Hrabe Valerie A. Larsen 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1998,46(1):53-71
Cases have been recommended as an important instructional tool for developing professional knowledge across disciplines. In this paper, we begin by defining case methods, a potentially valuable instructional tool for encouraging authentic, active learning. We describe our approach to the design and use of instructional design (ID) cases, and go on to report on the design and use of a Web-based ID case in a team case competition involving six universities. Students and most officials were enthusiastic about the use of ID cases and about this event. Team collaboration and competition were noted as motivating factors for students. The findings are being used to inform ongoing research and development, which is also described.A previous version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Educational Communications & Technology (AECT), Albuquerque, NM, February 1997.The authors may be contacted at the Department of Educational Leadership, Foundations, and Policy, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2495. Phone (804) 924-7471; fax (804) 924-0747; e-mail: Kinzie@Virginia.edu. 相似文献
6.
Peggy A. Ertmer Donald A. Stepich Cindy S. York Ann Stickman Xuemei Wu Stacey Zurek Yuksel Goktas 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2008,21(1):17-42
This study examined how instructional design (ID) experts used their prior knowledge and previous experiences to solve an ill‐structured instructional design problem. Seven experienced designers used a think‐aloud procedure to articulate their problem‐solving processes while reading a case narrative. Results, presented in the form of four assertions, showed that experts (1) narrowed the problem space by identifying key design challenges, (2) used an amalgam of knowledge and experience to interpret the problem situation, (3) incorporated a mental model of the ID process in their problem analyses, and (4) came to similar conclusions about how to respond to the situation, despite differences in their initial conceptualizations. Implications for educating novice instructional designers are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Albert W.M. Hoogveld Fred Paas Wim M.G. Jochems Jeroen J.G. Van Merriënboer 《Instructional Science》2002,30(4):291-305
Curricular changes in higher vocationaleducation have rendered teachers' instructionaldesign activities increasingly important. Usinga repertory grid technique, this paper sets outto analyse current design activities of tenteacher trainers. Their actual approach iscompared with an instructional systems design(ISD) approach and related to innovativeteacher roles. Teachers' activities show animbalance in two ID phases, that is problemanalysis and evaluation. The results suggestthat they attempt to translate curricular goalsdirectly into concrete lessons and they payrelatively little attention to evaluation. Inline with this finding, they underrate the twoinnovative teacher roles of the `diagnostician'and the `evaluator'. It is argued thatimbalanced or incomplete design approaches andperceived roles may hinder innovation ineducation. Implications for the support ofteachers' design activities are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Ahn-Sook Hwang 《Instructional Science》1996,24(5):343-356
Constructivism has been an influential theoretical persuasion in recent years in the field of instructional design and development. Yet the theoretical tenets and applications of constructivism in instructional development (ID) have been often discussed outside the context of the long-standing paradigmatic pursuits from which constructivism stems. Efforts to continue an intellectual journey, exploring how different theoretical bases lead to different implications for ID, must be based on a clear understanding of different paradigms. Hence, constructivism is discussed here in the context of the underlying paradigm debate involving the old positivist paradigm and the new constructivist paradigm. This article explores how these different paradigms have shaped different theories and practices in ID. Specifically, three versions of constructivism and how they have influenced ID are critically examined. Finally, it is recommended that the two paradigms, positivism and constructivism, can be applied in a complementary way in ID. 相似文献
9.
Jihyun Lee Seonyoung Jang 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2014,62(6):743-765
Instructional design (ID) models have been developed to promote understandings of ID reality and guide ID performance. As the number and diversity of ID practices grows, implicit doubts regarding the reliability, validity, and usefulness of ID models suggest the need for methodological guidance that would help to generate ID models that are relevant and appropriate to the ever-changing design challenges in our world. Because the construction of an ID model involves an intricate externalization of unique sets of design experiences as well as a logical synthesis of relevant research, the purpose of this study was to formulate a methodological framework for ID model development. Through the analysis of 20 selected studies, four critical dimensions and ten synthesized procedures for constructing ID models were formulated. The resulting framework is intended to provide a useful theoretical and practical contribution to the field of ID. 相似文献
10.
Michele D. Dickey 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2007,55(3):253-273
During the past two decades, the popularity of computer and video games has prompted games to become a source of study for
educational researchers and instructional designers investigating how various aspects of game design might be appropriated,
borrowed, and re-purposed for the design of educational materials. The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of
how the structure in massively multiple online role-playing games (MMORPGs) might inform the design of interactive learning
and game-based learning environments by looking at the elements which support intrinsic motivation. Specifically, this analysis
presents (a) an overview of the two primary elements in MMORPGs game design: character design and narrative environment, (b)
a discussion of intrinsic motivation in character role-playing, (c) a discussion of intrinsic motivational supports and cognitive
support of the narrative structure of small quests, and (d) a discussion of how the narrative structure of MMORPGs might foster
learning in various types of knowledge. 相似文献
11.
Aesthetic principles for instructional design 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article offers principles that contribute to developing the aesthetics of instructional design. Rather than describing
merely the surface qualities of things and events, the concept of aesthetics as applied here pertains to heightened, integral
experience. Aesthetic experiences are those that are immersive, infused with meaning, and felt as coherent and complete. Any
transformative learning experience will have significant aesthetic qualities, and all instructional situations can benefit
from attention to these qualities. Drawn from aesthetics theory and research and informed by current ID and learning theories,
a set of five first principles and twelve guidelines for their application are described. The principles are not only compatible
with existing ID theory bases but can complement and support that theory by offering ways to embody it in engaging learning
experiences.
相似文献
| Patrick E. ParrishEmail: |
12.
ABSTRACT For the past two decades, there has been persistent debate around whether there is a difference between the fields of instructional design (ID) and learning design (LD). While differences in the two approaches are certainly apparent, there are cross-over points that can provide ID and LD researchers and practitioners with opportunities for dialogue about the purposes and remit of research-based practices for optimal design. Though potentially disruptive, initiating dialogues among learning and instructional designers could lead to more thorough and critical analyses of both ID and LD repertoires. Should boundary crossings occur, there is a potential for a third space for the contemplation, research, and practice of design. A goal of this article is to use the notion of Van Gogh’s Yellow House as an anchoring metaphor for the third space – a location for shared discourse, inspiration, collaboration, and challenge for a community of designers of/for learning. Using the impressionist and expressionist terminology to help elucidate the ways of thinking of designers of both traditions, this article examines the history, underlying philosophical approaches, methodologies, and design goals of ID and LD. We conclude that the emergence of a third space for design can help us move beyond the LD and ID dichotomies. We suggest that a socio-materialist perspective alleviates issues of incommensurability by acknowledging ontological multiplicity. 相似文献
13.
At the heart of the social cognitive theoretical approaches common to all papers in this special issue is a recognition that the contexts in which teachers live and work affect their level of motivation, how they feel, and what they do. Teacher motivation, in turn, can affect students’ perceptions and behaviors. This commentary addresses the major contributions made by the papers in this special issue toward advancing a more contextualized understanding of teacher motivation. Contextual considerations include theoretical and practical interpretations, sampling, the teaching and learning setting, measurement, and study design and analyses. Recommendations are offered for how researchers can better account for the role of context in all aspects of teacher motivation research. 相似文献
14.
Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer Rob Martens 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2002,50(4):5-9
Modern instructional theories are characterized by their focus on rich, multidisciplinary and often collaborative learning
tasks that are somehow representative for authentic, real life tasks. This new view on learning heavily increases the complexity
of the design process and the resulting instructional systems. It is argued that computer-based instructional design (ID)
tools may help to deal with this growing complexity. A framework to distinguish different kinds of ID tools is presented.
This framework is then used to introduce the contributions to this special issue. 相似文献
15.
The purpose of this exploratory study was to make better connections between what is professed in instructional design degree programs and what happens in the workplace. Findings from the study of how three corporate instructional designers navigated and made sense of their daily practice included the factors that mostly influence their instructional design (ID) decisions, their perspectives on ID theories and models, how they compensated for any deficits in their knowledge or skills, and their hiring preferences. 相似文献
16.
Stephen C. Yanchar Bruce W. Gabbitas 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2011,59(3):383-398
This paper presents the concept of critical flexibility as an alternative to eclecticism in instructional design. Eclecticism is often viewed as a persuasive alternative to theoretical
orthodoxy (i.e., rigid use of a single perspective or process) due to the openness and flexibility it purports to offer. In
contrast, the authors argue that eclecticism ignores or discourages critical reflection regarding background understanding
(e.g., implicit assumptions and values) and perpetuates the lack of openness and flexibility commonly associated with orthodoxy.
Critical flexibility, as an alternative to eclecticism, emphasizes an awareness of background understanding, but construes
it as capable of being explicated, critically examined, adjusted in specific contexts, and refined or developed over time
to facilitate increasingly flexible and effective design practices. The authors clarify the nature of critical flexibility
as a general way of being involved in the design process, suggest how it helps overcome the traditional theory–practice split,
and discuss several of its implications for scholarship and training. 相似文献
17.
Game-based learning has been a popular development and recommended as an effective pedagogy in educating new generations of learners. Few studies, however, have demonstrated the efficacy of game-based learning on learners’ academic performance with empirical data. The described learning outcomes of game-based pedagogy within the limited available research are diverse. One prominent explanation is the lack of established guidelines. This paper addresses the issues of game design guidelines through a qualitative phenomenographic perspective of the experience of a group of students designing an educational game utilizing an adapted instructional design (ID) model – the gentry model. The results revealed the participants benefited from the process primarily in two capacities: a significant growth in their knowledge of game design and content knowledge; and great enjoyment and high motivation in the learning process. We conclude ID models with proper adaption and adjustment are effective to provide guidance and improve the efficacy of game-based learning if more ID models will be examined. 相似文献
18.
Workplace motivation historically has been an HR function, with ID as a training function. This division produces a split between motivation and training, leaving them isolated from one another. Intervention design needs to include motivation throughout its phases, to maximize motivating opportunities for performance improvement. The current models included in instructional design texts and resources are important, but tend to lack some characteristics that would make them more useful and productive for designers. The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical and conceptual framework for the devel‐opment of a new model of motivation for intervention design that is current, comprehensive, integrative, and flex‐ible. To that end, we (1) review the key points of the call for such a model; (2) present a framework for such a model; (3) offer a conceptual prototype for a model to meet designer's needs and include perspectives from experts in instructional design and performance technology, including how it fills out an integrative theoretical base of motivation for the field; and (4) present future development implications for the field. 相似文献
19.
ABSTRACT This paper addresses three basic questions about moral motivation. Concerning the nature of moral motivation, it argues that it involves responsiveness to both reasons of morality and the value of persons and everything else of value. Moral motivation is thus identified as reason-responsive appropriate valuing. Regarding whether it is possible for people to be morally motivated, the paper relies on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to show how moral motivation is a likely product of education that is need-supportive in modeling appropriate valuing and engaging students in the kinds of reasoning that are essential to moral motivation. Virtuous motivation that inclines people to engage in morally motivated acts is equated with being morally self-determining or achieving the right kind of integrated motivation. SDT shows how people come to be morally motivated, and the paper concludes that an identified aspiration to be virtuous may play a significant role. 相似文献
20.
Kit‐ling Lau 《Journal of Research in Reading》2019,42(3-4):523-540
Previous studies comparing teacher‐centred (TC) and learner‐centred (LC) instruction have presented a mixed picture of the effectiveness of these two instructional approaches. By examining the effectiveness of different types of instruction on students' Classical Chinese (CC) reading comprehension and motivation, this study aims to contribute to instructional research by elucidating the positive and negative aspects of TC and LC instruction when they are applied in the context of teaching CC reading. A total of 454 Secondary 4 students between the ages of 15 and 17 years agreed to participate in this study on a voluntary basis. They completed a CC reading comprehension test and a questionnaire that measured their CC reading motivation and perceived CC reading instruction. Relationships between students' perceived CC reading instruction, reading motivation and reading comprehension were examined by correlation and path analyses. The findings of the correlation analyses indicated that traditional TC instruction positively and significantly correlated with students' CC reading performance and extrinsic motivation. Motivating tasks, one type of LC instruction, positively and significantly correlated with all types of motivation but did not significantly correlate with CC reading performance. In the path analysis, TC instruction exhibited a significant positive effect on reading comprehension, whereas motivating tasks continued to exhibit a significant positive effect on intrinsic motivation after the effect of the examined schools' achievement level was controlled for. The findings highlight the essential role of teachers in instructing students who are weak in particular subjects. Instead of viewing TC and LC instruction as two contradictory approaches, the findings indicate that a combined approach of TC and LC instruction can more effectively facilitate students' learning in a difficult school subject. 相似文献