共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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在普物实验教学中,我们通常必须对实验的测试数据进行恰当处理,用一定的方式表现其结果,作出正确的误差分析和评价,一般来说,误差常被分为系统误差,偶然误差(随机误差)和过失误差(粗差).本文仅结合当前实验教学,对实验结果的随机误差估计问题进行讨论. 相似文献
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随机误差统计规律研究实验是<大学物理实验>课程中的重要实验之一.光电门装置的使用,使该实验的测量精度得到了很大的提高,同时也缩短了实验时间,但实验过程中出现的由于单摆的异常摆动等情况所引入的随机误差却并没有因此而得到很好的避免或减小.本文采用双线摆装置、狭缝装置和三角锥装置在一定程度上减小了测量结果的不确定度,提高了该实验的测量精度. 相似文献
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研究了随机误差为p混合序列的线性模型,获得了回归参数估计的强相合性,推广了独立情形相应的结果. 相似文献
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用线性模型模拟线性-对数问题,残差序列会表现出自相关性.从线性-对数模型的参数取值大小、随机误差项方差大小、样本范围大小等三个方面,对用线性模型模拟线性-对数问题产生的自相关情况进行了统计分析,结果表明,当半对数模型的参数取值较大、随机误差项较小、样本范围较大时,残差序列的自相关性的百分比较大,此时不易误用线性模型.该研究对加深认识线性-对数模型,避免误用线性模型有一定的参考意义. 相似文献
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《赤峰学院学报(自然科学版)》2017,(22)
在用线性回归方法进行建模时,如果随机误差项存在序列自相关时,会产生"伪回归"现象.用误差修正模型能很好地消除这一影响.并用我国的教育投入和经济增长之间的依存关系进行了实证分析. 相似文献
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等值误差理论与我国高考等值的误差控制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
戴海崎 《江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》1999,(1)
测验等值误差有随机误差和系统误差两种。随机误差的产生来自于抽样,其大小主要受样本容量影响,有两种估计等值随机误差的方法。系统误差产生的原因比较复杂,有些系统误差可采用一定的办法予以估计,有些系统误差是无法估计的。我国高考等值的前期工作已经在方案设计、数据采集、锚题编制、等值关系计算等方面努力贯彻了误差控制思想,取得了较好效果。建议今后应采用预估样本容量,有计划更换锚题、精心设计等值路径、选择适当的平滑曲线次数等技术措施更有效地控制高考等值误差 相似文献
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在普通物理实验中 ,已理想地消除了产生系统误差的原因 ,但在相同条件下多次重复测量同一物理量时 ,还会发现各次测量值之间有差异 ,由此而产生的误差的绝对值和符号以不可预定的方式变化着 ,这就是随机误差 (又称偶然误差 ) ,因此对误差的计算主要是随机误差的计算 相似文献
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N. K. Srinivasan 《Resonance》2001,6(4):69-77
Most systems involve parameters and variables, which are random variables due to uncertainties. Probabilistic methods are powerful in modelling such systems. In this second part, we describe probabilistic models and Monte Carlo simulation along with ‘classical’ matrix methods and differential equations as most real situations are complex (with several variables) and involve uncertainties. 相似文献
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Yu-geng Tang 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2011,12(10):737-746
This study employs the random finite element method (RFEM) to analyze the wall deflection caused by excavation. The RFEM combined
random fields of material properties with the FEM through the Monte Carlo simulation. A well-documented excavation case history
is employed to evaluate the influence of uncertainty of analysis parameters. This study shows that RFEM can provide reasonable
estimations of the exceedance probability of wall deflection caused by excavation, and has the potential to be a useful tool
to account for the uncertainties of material and model parameters in the numerical analysis. 相似文献
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用电位差计检定电压表的不确定度分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
浦天舒 《实验室研究与探索》2000,19(4):31-33
分析了用电位差计检定电太表时的不确定度。说明不确定度的Ａ、Ｂ分量并不与误差的“随机的”、“系统的”分量之间存在简单的对应关系,以及能用误差传递公式表示的误差分量并不一定是不确定度的Ａ分量,也不一定包含实验中的全部误差因素。 相似文献
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A general procedure is proposed to estimate the reliability of a dual-span rotor based on nonparametric modeling on random uncertainty. First, the vibration equation of the rotor with random uncertainty is constructed based on random matrices through the nonparametric modeling approach. Second, the reliability estimation is then performed by response spectral analysis and the moment method. By making full use of the advantages of nonparametric method and response spectral analysis, not only is the requirement on probability density function (PDF) avoided, but also the first and second moments are no longer needed to be estimated or assumed for calculating the reliability. Finally, the statistical index Z*-value based on short-term predictability is introduced to investigate the influence of random uncertainties on the reliability of the dual-span rotor. Illustrating examples show that the results obtained from the proposed procedure are consistent with those from short-term predictability, such that dangerous ranges can be well identified during the start-up process of the rotor. 相似文献
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Aude Caussarieu Andrée Tiberghien 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2017,15(6):997-1015
The understanding of measurement is related to the understanding of the nature of science—one of the main goals of current international science teaching at all levels of education. This case study explores how a first-year university physics course deals with measurement uncertainties in the light of an epistemological analysis of measurement. The data consist of the course documents, interviews with senior instructors, and laboratory instructors’ responses to an online questionnaire. During laboratory work, uncertainties are expressed in the large majority of the measurements made by the students but only in less than half of their calculation results. The instructors’ expectations are that students systematically estimate uncertainties so that they become aware that measurements and calculations are never exact. However, since uncertainties are not specified for the values given in the laboratory guides, uncertainties are often missing from the results of students’ calculations. The potential side effects of students’ measurement understanding are discussed and suggestions for improvements are proposed. 相似文献
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In recent years, big data has become ubiquitous in our day-to-day lives. Therefore, it is imperative for educators to integrate nontraditional (big) data into statistics education to ensure that students are prepared for a big data reality. This study examined graduate students' expressions of uncertainty while engaging with traditional and nontraditional big data investigation activities. We first suggest a theoretical framework based on integrated insights from statistics education and data science to analyze and describe novices' reasoning with the various uncertainties that characterize both traditional and big data—the Variability, Data, and Phenomenon (VDP) framework. We offer a case study of graduate students' participation in the integrated modeling approach (IMA) learning trajectory, illustrating the utility of the VDP framework in accounting for the different types of articulated uncertainties. We also discuss the teaching implications of the VDP. 相似文献
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Kenneth C. Walker 《Technical Communication Quarterly》2016,25(2):104-120
This study of ozone-hole controversy demonstrates an approach to translation that captures material-discursive elements of environmental risk. By adapting actor–network theory’s notion of translation with Goodnight’s spheres of argument model, the author’s results reveal how uncertainties created sites for scientists and their images to perform in ways that visualized risk in public forums. Citizens then responded to these risks through amplified uncertainties and counterimages that envisioned a hole in the skin of the body public. 相似文献
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Angela Brew 《Higher Education》2008,56(4):423-438
This article reports on a study of senior academics’ views of their disciplinary and interdisciplinary affiliations. It questions
the idea that academics have a firm and fixed disciplinary identity from which they then act and suggests that academic work
in the contemporary university challenges and changes how individuals view their disciplinary affiliation. The article provides
empirical data that lends weight to critical questioning of anthropological metaphors, which have tended to dominate discussions
of disciplinarity. It suggests that contemporary understandings of disciplinary and interdisciplinary identity need more fluid
metaphors and models; ones that can capture the shifting and questioning uncertainties that give expression to the rhetorical
and reflexive nature of academics’ disciplinary affiliations. The article explores the implications of a dominant emphasis
on disciplinary relationships for understanding disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity and examines the practical implications
for structures and systems that are designed to enhance and evaluate research and teaching within higher education. 相似文献
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清陈寿祺、陈乔枞父子在辑考汉《诗经》学齐鲁韩三家遗说时断定赵岐、高诱所习为鲁诗。比照相关文献,这种看法具有极大的主观性和随意性。客观地讲,赵岐、高诱的《诗经》学渊源应该为韩诗。 相似文献