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1.
Pavlo D. Antonenko Craig A. Ogilvie Dale S. Niederhauser John Jackman Piyamart Kumsaikaew Rahul R. Marathe Sarah M. Ryan 《Education and Information Technologies》2011,16(4):323-342
This paper describes the ways that students’ problem-solving behaviors evolve when solving multi-faceted, context-rich problems
within a web-based learning environment. During the semester, groups of two or three students worked on five physics problems
that required drawing on more than one concept and, hence, could not be readily solved with simple “plug-and-chug” strategies.
The problems were presented to students in a data-rich, online problem-based learning environment that tracked which information
items were selected by students as they attempted to solve the problem. The students also completed a variety of tasks, like
entering an initial qualitative analysis of the problem into an online form. Students were not constrained to complete these
tasks in any specific order. As they gained more experience in solving context-rich physics problems, student groups showed
some progression towards expert-like behavior as they completed qualitative analysis earlier and were more selective in their
perusal of informational resources. However, there was room for more improvement as approximately half of the groups still
completed the qualitative analysis task towards the end of the problem-solving process rather than at the beginning of the
task when it would have been most useful to their work. 相似文献
2.
Fien Depaepe Erik De CorteLieven Verschaffel 《International Journal of Educational Research》2007,46(5):266-279
Changing perspectives on mathematics teaching and learning resulted in a new generation of mathematics textbooks, stressing among others the importance of mathematical reasoning and problem-solving skills and their application to real-life situations. The article reports a study that investigates to what extent the reform-based ideas underlying these mathematical textbooks impact the current teaching of mathematics. Two problem-solving lessons were videotaped in 10 sixth-grade classrooms and a coding scheme was developed to analyze these lessons with regard to three aspects of the classroom culture that are assumed to enhance students’ mathematical beliefs and problem-solving competencies: (1) the classroom norms that are established, (2) the instructional techniques and classroom organization forms, and (3) the set of tasks students are confronted with. Two instruments were administered to measure students’ beliefs about learning mathematical word problem solving, and to assess their problem-solving processes and skills. The results indicate that some reform-based aspects seemed to be easier to implement (e.g., a strong focus on heuristic skills, embedding tasks in a realistic context) than others (e.g., the use of group work, an explicit negotiation of appropriate social norms). 相似文献
3.
Recognising critical reasoning and problem-solving as one of the key skills for twenty-first century citizenship, various types of problem contexts have been practiced in science classrooms to enhance students’ understandings and use of evidence-based thinking and justification. Good problems need to allow students to adapt and evaluate the effectiveness of their knowledge, reasoning and problem-solving strategies. When students are engaged in complex and open-ended problem tasks, it is assumed their reasoning and problem-solving paths become complex with creativity and evidence in order to justify their conclusion and solutions. This study investigated the levels of reasoning evident in student discourse when engaging in different types of problem-solving tasks and the role of teacher interactions on students’ reasoning. Fifteen students and a classroom teacher in a Grade 5–6 classroom participated in this study. Through case analyses, the study findings suggest that (a) there was no clear co-relation between certain structures of problem tasks and the level of reasoning in students’ problem-solving discourse, (b) students exhibited more data-based reasoning than evidence-based and rule-based justification in experiment-based problem-solving tasks, and (c) teacher intervention supported higher levels of student reasoning. Pedagogical reflections on the difficulties of constructing effective problem-solving tasks and the need for developing teacher scaffolding strategies are discussed. 相似文献
4.
This study investigated what types of learning patterns and strategies elementary school students use to carry out ill- and- well-structured tasks. Specifically, it was investigated which and when learning patterns actually emerge with respect to students’ task solutions. The present study uses computer log file traces to investigate how conditions of task types that might affect strategic learning. Elementary school students (N = 12) participated in two science study lessons. During these lessons the students were asked to solve well- and ill-structured tasks. For both of these tasks, the students used the gStudy learning environment designed to support strategic learning. In addition, gStudy records traces of each student’s strategic actions as they proceed with tasks. First, the students’ task solutions was rated according to three categories, namely “on track”, “off track” and “partial solution”. Second, learning patterns in terms of learning strategies that emerged throughout these tasks were investigated. Third, detailed cross case analysis was used to explore in depth how and when these learning patterns were used with respect to the students’ task solutions. The results show that young students’ can provide in-depth task solutions, but also adapt to the task complexity. However, despite the task types being different, the students had same types of learning patterns. The detailed cross-case comparison of the students’ task solutions with respect to learning patterns indicates that there are intra individual differences concerning how students allocate their learning strategy use. Especially if the task is ill-structured, it can also mislead the students to focus on irrelevant aspects and hinder strategic learning. 相似文献
5.
任务型教学越来越受到人们的重视。全通过分析拼图玩具型、信息差型、解决问题型、做出决定型、意见交流型任务类型，讨论任务主题及任务设计原则，强调教师要根据大学生的实际情况，设计出适合于自己学生的任务．从而全面提高大学生英语运用能力。 相似文献
6.
This article presents a designed learning environment intended to engage students in learning about the relationships among multiple representations as they work together on a shared task. Over the course of several extended problem-solving sessions, groups developed several successive alignments of participants and representations as they learned to solve increasingly difficult tasks. Our findings highlight the emergent and often unexpected meanings that learners established for representational tools as their groups reorganized into increasingly effective problem-solving ensembles. Our findings echo those of prior research regarding learners' considerable competence and creativity in interpreting and applying distributed representational tools, as well as the careful coordination among learners involved in establishing and acting on those interpretations. Challenges in this design space include instances in our data where students capitalized on connections among representations without really trying to understand those connections, temporarily undermined the distributed character of the representations, and worked more efficiently by reducing the number of participants actively involved in breaking codes. Our findings indicate that managing these challenges requires presenting groups with regular opportunities to reconsider and reorganize their roles, and to experiment with different meanings and uses of flexible tools in the context of tasks with carefully sequenced levels of difficulty. 相似文献
7.
Steven F. Raaijmakers Martine Baars Lydia Schaap Fred Paas Jeroen van Merriënboer Tamara van Gog 《Instructional Science》2018,46(2):273-290
Self-assessment and task-selection skills are crucial in self-regulated learning situations in which students can choose their own tasks. Prior research suggested that training with video modeling examples, in which another person (the model) demonstrates and explains the cyclical process of problem-solving task performance, self-assessment, and task-selection, is effective for improving adolescents’ problem-solving posttest performance after self-regulated learning. In these examples, the models used a specific task-selection algorithm in which perceived mental effort and self-assessed performance scores were combined to determine the complexity and support level of the next task, selected from a task database. In the present study we aimed to replicate prior findings and to investigate whether transfer of task-selection skills would be facilitated even more by a more general, heuristic task-selection training than the task-specific algorithm. Transfer of task-selection skills was assessed by having students select a new task in another domain for a fictitious peer student. Results showed that both heuristic and algorithmic training of self-assessment and task-selection skills improved problem-solving posttest performance after a self-regulated learning phase, as well as transfer of task-selection skills. Heuristic training was not more effective for transfer than algorithmic training. These findings show that example-based self-assessment and task-selection training can be an effective and relatively easy to implement method for improving students’ self-regulated learning outcomes. Importantly, our data suggest that the effect on task-selection skills may transfer beyond the trained tasks, although future research should establish whether this also applies when trained students perform novel tasks themselves. 相似文献
8.
This paper arises from a study of how concepts related to understanding functions develop for students across the years of secondary/high school, using small samples from two different curricula systems: England and Israel. We used a survey consisting of function tasks developed in collaboration with teachers from both curriculum systems. We report on 120 higher achieving students, 10 from each of English and Israeli, 12–18 years old. Iterative and comparative analysis identified similarities and differences in students’ responses and we conjecture links between curriculum, enactment, task design, and students’ responses. Towards the end of school, students from both curriculum backgrounds performed similarly on most tasks but approached these by different routes, such as intuitive or formal and with different understandings, including correspondence and covariational approaches to functions. 相似文献
9.
In this study we report on orienting and self-judging as study and problem-solving activities or learning tools. We examine their trainability and their effect on academic performance. These questions are part of a research project aimed at improving metacognitive knowledge as well as affective, conative and regulation skills. A design experiment with 141 freshmen in business economics was set up. The experimental treatment consisted of an integrated set of instructional conditions which were operationalized in a series of sessions and practice and transfer tasks. The results show that after the intervention students of the experimental group had more knowledge about orienting and self-judging than the students of both control groups and they also oriented themselves better and were more prone to self-judging when starting a new course. Both metaknowledge and transfer behavior were positively related to academic performance. 相似文献
10.
In this study, we examined the use of cognitive tools provided in a problem-based hypermedia learning environment for sixth
graders. Purposes were to understand how the built-in tools were used, and if tool use was associated with different problem-solving
stages. Results showed that tools supporting cognitive processing and sharing cognitive load played a more central role early
in the problem-solving process, whereas tools supporting cognitive activities that would be out of students' reach otherwise,
and hypothesis generation and testing were used more in the later stages of problem-solving. The findings also indicated that
students increasingly used multiple tools in the later stages of their problem-solving process. The various tools, performing
different functions, appeared to enable students to coordinate multiple cognitive skills in a seamless way and, therefore,
facilitated their information processing. Results also suggested that students with higher performance scores made more productive
use of tools than students with lower performance scores. Findings of the study, are discussed. 相似文献
11.
This New Zealand‐based study of the classroom practice of nine exemplary teachers of writing to upper primary‐age students explored the significance of task orientation as a component of effective teacher instruction and the instructional strategies or actions that effective teachers utilise to promote such. Effectiveness pertains to teachers being able to generate a positive impact on learners' engagement and academic outcomes. Particular attention was given to the content and organisation of the tasks and activities that teachers required of their students. Analysis of observed teacher practice in relation to learner gains showed actions associated with task orientation to be strongly associated with student progress in writing. Two indicators linked particularly with learner gains in writing. They relate to teachers being able to select and promote learning tasks that are purposeful and challenging for students and to students being involved in the selection or construction of learning tasks. There were relatively high levels of proficiency with regard to teachers being able to select and promote purposeful and challenging tasks but significant operational variability with regard to teachers involving their students in task selection or construction. Classroom illustrations are provided on how effective teachers promote learner involvement in task selection or construction. 相似文献
12.
深度学习是智慧教育的核心支柱,但目前尚缺少智慧课堂专属的深度学习设计方案。如何针对深度学习的灵活性诉求,研制一种智慧课堂赋能的灵活深度学习设计框架,是推进深度学习实践落地的关键所在。基于深度学习架构理念、采用教育设计研究范式研制的面向智慧课堂的灵活深度学习设计框架,遵循逆向设计逻辑,包括课堂环境分析、明确目标、确定评估、学生分析、任务设计、编列制定、绘制分布和决策预设等8个步骤,既体现了智慧课堂精准把脉、互动支持、适性推送、即时反馈等四大特色功能,也为智慧课堂中的学习任务、学习活动、学习进程和教学决策等四个方面的灵活性设计提供了详细的方案支持,并且还能够可视化学生深度学习的个性化进程。该框架经过高质量评估标准锚定下的专家校验与迭代修订,已达到可交付实施的质量要求。这一框架在智慧课堂中的应用有助于促使学生深度参与学习,引导学生采用高级学习方略,促进高阶知能的发展,加深概念理解及其迁移应用。 相似文献
13.
Giuseppe Ritella Maria Beatrice Ligorio Kai Hakkarainen 《Technology, Pedagogy and Education》2016,25(3):395-412
This article analyses how a group of teachers managed the resources available while performing computer-supported collaborative problem-solving tasks in the context of professional development. The authors video-recorded and analysed collaborative sessions during which the group of teachers used a digital environment to prepare a pedagogical scenario for subsequent implementation in their schools. The findings provide evidence that some aspects of context management can be explained in terms of explorative (opening problem space) and focused (closing problem space) actions. The results indicate that (a) the focused problem-solving took place when the problem space reached a provisional stability and problem-solvers developed a plan for proceeding with the task, (b) the individual exploration of the context was associated with the process of appropriation of a digital educational environment, and (c) the collective exploration of the context fostered the advancement of collaborative problem-solving and the introduction of new elements in the joint problem space. 相似文献
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Hospitality students are required to be able to address challenging cases or problems in the work environment. However, traditional lecture- or exam-based instruction leaves a gap between theory and practice. On the other hand, modern youth live and socialise in an increasingly digital environment, and one of their biggest pastimes is playing games. This study employs a game environment to improve students’ problem-solving abilities; the purpose of this article is therefore to determine if the game is effective in this regard. This study selected two classes of hospitality management students as subjects, and randomly assigned them as the control group and the experiment group. The entire process of the study consisted of the pre-test, game training and the post-test. Only the experiment group participants were trained with the game. The quantitative and qualitative results indicate that the use of the game is beneficial in improving students’ problem-solving performance. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Educational Research》2000,33(7-8):801-820
The goal of this study was to investigate the relation between a set of pre-decisional beliefs including students’ task value, self-efficacy, and learning and performance goal orientations and five post-decisional, implementation strategies students use to regulate their effort and persistence for the academic tasks assigned for a specific class. A group of eighth grade students (N=114) completed a self-report survey that assessed these four motivational beliefs and the frequency that they used five motivational regulation strategies including self-consequating, environmental control, interest enhancement, and mastery and performance self-talk. Results from a series of multiple regressions indicated that the motivational beliefs, as a group, could be used to explain students’ reported use of each of the regulatory strategies examined. Further, results indicated that task value, learning goal orientation, and performance goal orientation individually explained three or more of the regulatory strategies, whereas self-efficacy was not related significantly to any of the five regulatory strategies studied. Findings are presented and interpreted in light of their significance for models specifying both motivational and volitional aspects of self-regulation. 相似文献
19.
Moshe Barak 《Instructional Science》2013,41(4):657-679
This paper presents the outcomes of teaching an inventive problem-solving course in junior high schools in an attempt to deal with the current relative neglect of fostering students’ creativity and problem-solving capabilities in traditional schooling. The method involves carrying out systematic manipulation with attributes, functions and relationships between existing components and variables in a system. The 2-year research study comprised 112 students in the experimental group and 100 students in the control group. The findings indicated that in the post-course exam, the participants suggested a significantly greater number of original and useful solutions to problems presented to them compared to the pre-course exam and to the control group. The course also increased students’ self-beliefs about creativity. Although at the beginning of the course, the students adhered to ‘systematic searching’ using the inventive problem-solving principles they had learned, later on they moved to ‘semi-structured’ and heuristic problem solving, which deals with using strategies, techniques, rules-of-thumb or educated guessing in the problem-solving process. It is important to note, however, that teaching the proposed method in school should take place in the context of engaging students in challenging tasks and open-ended projects that encourage students to develop their ideas. There is only little benefit in merely teaching students inventive problem-solving principles and letting them solve discrete pre-designed exercises. 相似文献
20.
Moore Tamara J. Brophy Sean P. Tank Kristina M. Lopez Ruben D. Johnston Amanda C. Hynes Morgan M. Gajdzik Elizabeth 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2020,29(1):19-34
Journal of Science Education and Technology - Computational thinking requires high cognitive load as students work to manage multiple tasks in their problem-solving environment. Through research in... 相似文献