共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Natalia Tsvetkova 《Minerva》2014,52(2):161-185
This article discusses the history of American and Soviet transformations in German universities during the period of the Cold War, 1945–1990. Both American and Soviet policies were resisted by the university community, particularly by the conservative German professoriate, in both parts of the divided Germany. The article shows how and why both American and Soviet policies of the reforms of German universities were eventually failed. 相似文献
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Minerva - How climate models came to gain and exercise epistemic authority has been a key concern of recent climate change historiography. Using newly released archival materials and recently... 相似文献
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The paper explores town-gown relations in Europe across thecenturies from the point of view of the university. It arguesthat the history of their relationship can be largely dividedinto two distinctive periods: one, in the period 1200–1800, whenthe University was in the town, but not of it; the other,post-1800, when the two were much more closely connected. Italso briefly examines the influence of the American campus modelon the European university system. 相似文献
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America's research universities, approximately 125 in number,play important roles in the nation's research system, and help toset the tone for all institutions of research and higherlearning. As the research universities have formed closer linkswith industry, new problems have arisen that have precipitated amajor debate. The academic medical centres and related lifescience departments present some of the most challenging newissues, which are analysed in this paper within the framework ofthe biomedical research system that has evolved in the UnitedStates since the Second World War. 相似文献
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This paper assesses the causes and consequences of recent American efforts to configure the research university as an engine of economic and social change. Drawing upon interviews and strategic plans, the paper describes recent policies to encourage interdisciplinary creativity, in a context of increasing income from private gifts and endowments.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the text on page 26. 相似文献
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The present study explores some ofthe mechanisms at work in the award of theNobel Prize in medicine or physiology duringthe period 1901–1950. In his will, Nobelmentioned three explicit criteria for the NobelCommittees, but an examination of the fate ofGerman biochemist Carl Neuberg reveals howimplicit criteria came to be added. Forexample, the Nobel Committees in Medicine andChemistry were challenged by the emergence ofnew disciplines such as biochemistry, and inresponse began to rotate awards arounddifferent specialities. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2001,2(2):117-132
The preservation of historical monuments requires both a detailed understanding of water circulation inside construction materials, and a deep comprehension of the associated physical and chemical effects on building structure. Combining mass and temperature measurements may be a new powerful tool to achieve this purpose, as first results obtained on a wall of the Saint-Gatien cathedral in Tours, France, indicate. The proposed method has been evaluated with dedicated experiments in a climatic chamber, regulated in both temperature and humidity, using three types of stones: Tours tuffeau, Baumberg limy sandstone, and Rüthen sandstone. Climatic chamber data indicate that temperature gradients between rock surface and atmosphere provide a meaningful and practical estimate of the water flow, which controls the heat exchange between rock and atmosphere because of the high enthalpy of vaporisation of water. Continuous measurements of the mass of a sample confirm this assumption and allow the calibration of temperature data with respect to water flow estimations. Temperature gradients between points on the stone surface are also dominated by changes in the water flux, and they provide a sensitive estimate of local variations in the heat and water transport properties of non-saturated stones. Combined mass and temperature measurements therefore appear as a promising method to estimate in situ the global and local water flow between the rock and the atmosphere and thus to diagnose the state of stone degradation, or to estimate quantitatively the efficiency of treatment processes, both in the field and in the laboratory. 相似文献
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Pierre-Charles Pradier François Gardes Xavier Greffe Ileana Miranda Mendoza 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2016,40(4):453-485
The market for autographs has become more open to international buyers since 1990. Our data set features a large sample of store and auction sales for selected authors every 5 years from 1960 to 2005. The estimation of a hedonic price function shows that page count, type of author, date and type of the document conditionally to author explain more than three quarters of the price differences. The apparent price of autographs increased by 7.7 % per year during the period, while the hedonic price index increased by 7.9 % on average. With a supply function responsive to market valuation, as well French autograph prices seemingly showing trend similar to art market index, the French autograph market has become more integrated in the global art market. 相似文献
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《Journal of International and Intercultural Communication》2013,6(4):325-345
Abstract This paper is about an international electronic forum set up among university students in the United States, Australia, and Slovenia. It seeks to (a) develop a richer understanding of how Americans view themselves in relation to a globalizing world, (b) examine how American, Slovenian and Australian university students use an interactive online context to advance and challenge particular points of view within, and across, domestic boundaries, and (c) reflect on the ways in which the participants, in particular the American participants, might be said to have been moved, or not moved, to reassess their (national) views on various issues of global significance. 相似文献
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Gao Nianhua as a specialist in ancient architecture and Chen Hongbing as an opera singer are well known in Hangzhou. But few local people know they are husband and wife, for they seldom appear together in news stories.How they knew each other and how they got married was a delightful anecdote. Gao and Chen's elder brother were good buddies in their early youth. Chen's family knew him well. Years later, a close friend of Chen Hongbing arranged a blind date 相似文献
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Minerva - This article is an analytic register of recent European efforts in the making of ‘autonomous’ robots to address what is imagined as Europe’s societal challenges. The... 相似文献
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At 9 o'clock on the morning of October 4th 1940, a Japanese plane approached to Quzhou City at an altitude of 300 meters. It dropped a great number of wheat kernel, soybean, millet, rag, cotton, small paper bags (each contained about 10 fleas), and flyers. From October 10, residents in the city proper found many dead mice. The plague strangled the city. In 1941, Japanese planes dropped bombs on Quzhou City day and night, driving residents to countryside. The plague had spread to rural areas 相似文献
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When the Adoption Law of People's Republic of China was approved in 1991 by China's 7th National People's Congress at its 23rd session, few Americans realized the law would affect their lives. However, since then, thousands of Americans have been fully aware 相似文献
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Monika Slavíková František Krejčí Jan Žemlička Michal Pech Petr Kotlík Jan Jakůbek 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2012,13(4):357-364
Stone consolidation is one of the major restoration treatments used for historical monuments preservation. A natural stone is a complicated heterogeneous porous system making the process of consolidation dependent on many variables. In practical restoration aims, for a given stone type, the selection of a suitable consolidant and consolidation conditions therefore remains a complex issue. The impregnation depth is a key factor for the assessment of the treatment efficiency. The combination of state-of-the-art hybrid pixel semiconductor detectors with newly available micro-focus X-ray sources makes possible to apply X-ray radiography, an ideal non-destructive tool, for penetration depth monitoring. In this study, high-resolution X-ray radiography is used for monitoring the penetration depth of organosilicon consolidants in the Opuka stone. The penetration depth has been evaluated in relation to the time of consolidation, stone porosity and consolidation mixtures properties. The exact influence of the X-ray contrast agent on the consolidation depth has been investigated as well. The information obtained provides supplementary knowledge on the suitability of investigated products for the treatment of this type of stone. In our study, the capabilities of X-ray radiography have been demonstrated on X-ray radiography simple projections, high-resolution computed tomography (CT) as well as on the dynamic processes monitoring. The results thus can serve also as an instrumental and methodological example applicable for consolidation monitoring of other stone types. 相似文献
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《文化交流》2007,(6)
The 160-year-old Louwailou Restaurant is an integral part of the picturesque West Lake.It has not only witnessed the ups and downs of the West Lake over the past 160 years across three centuries,but also seen numer-ous Chinese and international celebrities visit the restaurant.Akutagawa Ryonosuke(1892- 相似文献