共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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通过从掌握篮球的基本技战术、改善神经系统的功能、加大肌肉收缩力量和提高速度耐力、克服不合理的肌肉紧张及节省能量等方面，探讨了肌肉协调放松能力对于保证篮球运动员在比赛实战中保持旺盛的体力起到重要作用。 相似文献
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1、肌肉的放松能提高肌肉、关节的灵活性和柔韧性
肌肉放松能使关节周围的韧带柔韧性肌肉的伸展性得到提高,减少韧带活动的粘滞性和关节活动阻力,使关节运动幅度加大,提高关节灵活性。关节灵活性是柔韧素质的标志,它能使关节周围的肌肉和韧带的伸展性得到提高,也可以使参与关节运动的原动肌的力量增强。柔韧又分动力性柔韧和静力性柔韧。 相似文献
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目的 以不同体力活动人群的姿势控制能力为出发点，根据其在静动态模式的COP时域变化和肌肉共激活指数。探究不同体力活动水平大学生姿势控制能力的差异性。方法 运用国际通用体力活动问卷（IPAQ）划分高低体力活动人群。使用16通道无线遥感表面肌电采集系统（Delsys）、三维测力台（Kistler），对选取各20名受试者进行静动态姿势控制测试。结果 高低体力活动人群在EC期间对优势腿的SOL/TA共激活指数有显著影响（p<0.05），在前倾测试中的非优势腿的SOL/TA共激活指数有显著变化（p<0.05）。其他指标虽有变化，但无显著性差异。结论 随着体力活动的增加，COP的时域变化参数大致呈下降趋势。前倾与后倾在重心稳定维系方面，高水平活动组显示出更优的控制能力，拥有较强的肌肉协同能力。提示通过体力锻炼可以增强肌肉的协调能力，减少损伤风险。 相似文献
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闭合性软组织损伤包括关节韧带扭伤和肌肉、肌腱拉伤以及挫伤等，这些损伤无裂口与外界相通，所以称闭合性软组织损伤。青少年田径运动中肌肉和关节及关节韧带损伤较为普遍，跑、跳、投中又以跑较多。预防肌肉和关节韧带的损伤有利于提高运动员的成绩。 相似文献
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通过对神经肌肉电刺激联合关节松动术改善运动员踝关节功能障碍的疗效进行研究分析，为运动员踝关节功能障碍治疗提供新的治疗思路。方法：60例踝关节功能障碍运动员患者随机分为对照组和实验组，每组各30例。对照组以常规康复训练方案为主，实验组在对照组治疗方案基础上，增加神经肌肉电刺激联合关节松动术进行治疗。研究结果：实验组和对照组均能有效改善踝关节活动度、减轻疼痛、增强关节功能、提高稳定性和肌力，实验组在治疗后2周、4周改善程度明显优于对照组。结论：神经肌肉电刺激联合关节松动术在运动员踝关节功能障碍治疗中可以有效改善踝关节活动度、减轻疼痛、增强关节功能、提高稳定性和肌力。 相似文献
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浅谈肌肉力量的测试及应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
张海平 《沈阳体育学院学报》2002,(4):56-57
肌肉力量是人体运动的基本素质 ,人体的各种活动均以肌肉的收缩为动力 ,牵拉骨杠杆 ,围绕关节枢纽进行。目前 ,肌肉力量测定以Cybex等动肌力测量系统应用最为广泛。了解和掌握肌肉力量的测试手段及应用 ,对探讨肌肉力量与肌肉形态间的内在关系 ,科学指导体育训练具有非常重要的意义。 相似文献
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李静先 《天津体育学院学报》2014,29(2):93-99
下肢骨关节炎是导致残疾的最常见疾病之一,也是对患者及家庭、医疗系统及社会带来最大影响的运动系统的主要疾患。骨关节炎是包括
关节力学变化（如下肢骨骼力学轴线排列异常,关节负荷分布异常,活动过程中关节力矩异常）、韧带走向异常、软骨退化或软骨成分降解和肌肉神
经控制功能异常等复合因素引起的全关节疾患。尽管其确切的发病机制仍不明了,关节生物力学在其发生和病程发展中的作用已为大量的前瞻性
研究和持续数10年之久的长期追踪研究所证实。综述骨关节炎生物力学及病理机制的研究状况,生物力学干预在骨关节炎治疗康复中的应用,以
及太极拳的生物力学特征及其在骨关节炎治疗康复中应用的最新研究进展。基于目前上述领域和太极拳生物力学特征的科学研究状况分析,以及
美国风湿病学会在2012年发表的最新骨关节炎非手术和药物治疗指引中将太极拳列为膝骨关节炎运动干预方式之一所带来的国际影响,为了深入
探索太极拳在下肢骨关节炎治疗康复效果的机制,以及发展有科学研究事实支持的太极拳运动干预康复方案,未来此领域的研究需要致力于研究
骨关节炎患者身体活动时的关节生物力学变化,典型太极拳运动的生物力学特征,以及骨关节炎患者在太极拳运动干预过程中下肢关节力学的变
化特征。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):376-383
AbstractPhysical inactivity is associated with a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and is an independent predictor of mortality. It is possible that the detrimental effects of physical inactivity are mediated through a lack of adequate muscle oxidative capacity. This short review will cover the present literature on the effects of different models of inactivity on muscle oxidative capacity in humans. Effects of physical inactivity include decreased mitochondrial content, decreased activity of oxidative enzymes, changes in markers of oxidative stress and a decreased expression of genes and contents of proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation. With such a substantial down-regulation, it is likely that a range of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent pathways such as calcium signalling, respiratory capacity and apoptosis are affected by physical inactivity. However, this has not been investigated in humans, and further studies are required to substantiate this hypothesis, which could expand our knowledge of the potential link between lifestyle-related diseases and muscle oxidative capacity. Furthermore, even though a large body of literature reports the effect of physical training on muscle oxidative capacity, the adaptations that occur with physical inactivity may not always be opposite to that of physical training. Thus, it is concluded that studies on the effect of physical inactivity per se on muscle oxidative capacity in functional human skeletal muscle are warranted. 相似文献
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Jan G. Bourgois Jasmien Dumortier Margot Callewaert Bert Celie Carlo Capelli Gisela Sjøgaard 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(5):611-620
‘A tribute to Dr J. Rogge’ aims to systematically review muscle activity and muscle fatigue during sustained submaximal quasi-isometric knee extension exercise (hiking) related to Olympic dinghy sailing as a tribute to Dr Rogge’s merits in the world of sports. Dr Jacques Rogge is not only the former President of the International Olympic Committee, he was also an orthopaedic surgeon and a keen sailor, competing at three Olympic Games. In 1972, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Sports Medicine, he was the first who studied a sailors’ muscle activity by means of invasive needle electromyography (EMG) during a specific sailing technique (hiking) on a self-constructed sailing ergometer. Hiking is a bilateral and multi-joint submaximal quasi-isometric movement which dinghy sailors use to optimize boat speed and to prevent the boat from capsizing. Large stresses are generated in the anterior muscles that cross the knee and hip joint, mainly employing the quadriceps at an intensity of 30–40% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), sometimes exceeding 100% MVC. Better sailing level is partially determined by a lower rate of neuromuscular fatigue during hiking and for ≈60% predicted by a higher maximal isometric quadriceps strength. Although useful in exercise testing, prediction of hiking endurance capacity based on the changes in surface EMG in thigh and trunk muscles during a hiking maintenance task is not reliable. This could probably be explained by the varying exercise intensity and joint angles, and the great number of muscles and joints involved in hiking.Highlights
Dr Jacques Rogge, former president of the International Olympic Committee and Olympic Finn sailor, was the first to study muscle activity during sailing using invasive needle EMG to obtain his Master degree in Sports Medicine at the Ghent University.
Hiking is a critical bilateral and multi-joint movement during dinghy racing, accounting for >60% of the total upwind leg time. Hiking generates large stresses in the anterior muscles that cross the knee and hip joint.
Hiking is considered as a quasi-isometric bilateral knee extension exercise. Muscle activity measurements during sailing, recorded by means of EMG, show a mean contraction intensity of 30-40% maximal voluntary contraction with peaks exceeding 100%.
Hiking performance is strongly related to the development of neuromuscular fatigue in the quadriceps muscle. Since maximal strength is an important determinant of neuromuscular fatigue during hiking, combined strength and endurance training should be incorporated in the training program of dinghy sailors.
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局部肌肉疲劳对踝关节本体感觉的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:通过分析局部肌肉疲劳前、后踝关节在矢状面内运动的位置觉、肌肉力觉的变化,探讨局部肌肉疲劳对踝关节本体感觉的影响,为踝关节损伤防治和康复训练提供基础理论和实验依据。方法:选取14名无踝关节疾患的受试者为实验对象,踝关节位置觉采用对踝关节跖屈5°的被动定位、被动复位能力进行测试,肌肉力觉采用受试者踝关节对跖屈肌群25%最大等长峰值力矩值的复制能力进行测试;疲劳测试采用60最大等速向心运动模式;对于局部肌肉疲劳前、后踝关节本体感觉的对比,采用重复测量方差分析进行。结果:踝关节的位置觉(VEJPS和AEJPS)和肌肉力觉(RVEFS和RAEFS)在局部肌肉疲劳前、后的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:1)最大等速向心运动至局部肌肉疲劳后,踝关节的位置觉均较疲劳前下降;2)最大等速向心运动至局部肌肉疲劳后,踝关节的肌肉力觉均较疲劳前下降;3)踝关节最大等速向心运动至局部肌肉疲劳后,受试者的中枢控制策略发生改变。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):111-119
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in ankle joint stiffness and the associated changes in the gastrocnemius muscle and tendon due to static stretching. Seven healthy male participants lay supine with the hip and knee joints fully extended. The right ankle joint was rotated into dorsiflexion from a 30° plantar flexed position and the torque measured by a dynamometer. The ankle joint was maintained in a dorsiflexed position for 20 min (static stretching of the calf muscles). We performed surface electromyography of the medial and lateral gastrocnemii, the soleus, and the tibialis anterior of the right leg to confirm no muscle activity throughout static stretching and the passive test (passive dorsiflexion). During static stretching, the ankle joint angle and elongation of the gastrocnemius were recorded by goniometry and ultrasonography, respectively. Tendon elongation of the gastrocnemius was calculated based on the changes in the ankle joint angle and muscle elongation. In addition, the relationships between passive torques and ankle joint angles, and elongation of muscle and tendon, were examined before and after static stretching. The ankle dorsiflexion angle and tendon elongation increased significantly by 10 min after the onset of static stretching, while there was no further increase in muscle length. In addition, ankle dorsiflexion angle and tendon elongation at an identical passive torque (30 N · m) increased significantly (from 24±7° to 33±5° and from 17±2 mm to 22±1 mm, respectively) after static stretching. However, muscle elongation was unchanged. In conclusion, the current results suggest that an increase in the ankle joint dorsiflexion angle due to static stretching is attributable to a change in tendon not muscle stiffness. 相似文献
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Linda Farrah Balog 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):119-125
Abstract This investigation examined the effects of physical exercise on muscle tension and subsequent muscle relaxation training. Twenty college students participated in the first phase of the study, which included a 10-minute EMG baseline, 30 minutes of pedalling on a bicycle ergometer, followed by EMG measurements on the frontalis muscle for up to 3 hours after the end of exercise. The same subjects from Phase I went on to Phase II, which included eight 32-minute EMG biofeedback training (BFT) sessions, utilizing the frontalis muscle. Ten subjects randomly assigned to the experimental group received BFT following an acute exercise bout, while the 10 subjects in the control group received no treatment. The greatest decrease in muscle tension in Phase I occurred 90 minutes after the end of the exercise. This finding was not significantly different from the baseline, indicating that there was no relaxation effect as a result of exercise. In Phase II, significant differences between pre and post-test measurements in both groups indicated that learning of relaxation did occur. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups, indicating that physical exercise did not enhance the learning of EMG BFT. 相似文献
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Delayed-onset muscle soreness refers to the skeletal muscle pain that is experienced following eccentric exercise. The aim of the present study was to examine the physiological effects of physical activity with or without ibuprofen on delayed onset muscle soreness. Forty-four non-athletic male volunteers (age 24.3?±?2.4 years) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: physical activity (n = 11), ibuprofen (n = 11), physical activity and ibuprofen (combination, n = 11), or control (n = 11). The physical activity programme comprised 5?min of walking and jogging, 10?min of static stretching of the hands and shoulder girdle, and 5?min of concentric movements with sub-maximal contractions. The total amount of ibuprofen consumed by a single individual was 2800?mg; this was taken from 1?h before the eccentric actions up to 48?h after it. Delayed onset muscle soreness was induced by performing 70 eccentric contractions of the biceps muscle of the non-dominant side on a modified arm curl machine. Perceived muscle soreness, maximal eccentric contraction, creatine kinase enzyme activity and elbow range of motion were assessed 1?h before and 1, 24 and 48?h after the eccentric actions. The results indicated that, after the eccentric actions, soreness increased (P?<?0.001) across time in all groups, with the highest values being recorded at 24?h. At 24 and 48?h, greater soreness (P <?0.001) was observed in the control group than in the physical activity and combination groups. After the eccentric actions, creatine kinase increased and was elevated (P?<?0.001) compared with baseline in all groups, with values returning to baseline in the physical activity and combination groups by 48?h. However, creatine kinase in the control and ibuprofen groups was still significantly higher than at baseline after 48?h. Creatine kinase was higher (P?<?0.001) in the control group than in physical activity and combination groups at 24 and 48?h. There was also a reduction (P?<?0.001) in elbow range of motion across time. This reduction in elbow range of motion was greater (P?<?0.001) in the control and ibuprofen groups than in the physical activity and combination groups at 1, 24 and 48?h. The reduction in maximum eccentric contraction was greater (P?<?0.001) in the control and ibuprofen groups than in the physical activity group at 24 and 48?h and the combination group at 48?h. In conclusion, the results add to our understanding of the effects of physical activity and the combination of physical activity and ibuprofen in reducing the severity of muscle soreness induced by eccentric exercise. Physical activity conducted before eccentric exercise alleviates muscle soreness. Our results indicate that physical activity with or without ibuprofen helps to prevent delayed-onset muscle soreness. 相似文献
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Cheng-Feng Lin Shiang-Hua Hua Ming-Tung Huang Hsing-Hsan Lee Jen-Chieh Liao 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(14):1429-1439
The contribution of core neuromuscular control to the dynamic stability of badminton players with and without knee pain during backhand lunges has not been investigated. Accordingly, this study compared the kinematics of the lower extremity, the trunk movement, the muscle activation and the balance performance of knee-injured and knee-uninjured badminton players when performing backhand stroke diagonal lunges. Seventeen participants with chronic knee pain (injured group) and 17 healthy participants (control group) randomly performed two diagonal backhand lunges in the forward and backward directions, respectively. This study showed that the injured group had lower frontal and horizontal motions of the knee joint, a smaller hip–shoulder separation angle and a reduced trunk tilt angle. In addition, the injured group exhibited a greater left paraspinal muscle activity, while the control group demonstrated a greater activation of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and medial gastrocnemius muscle groups. Finally, the injured group showed a smaller distance between centre of mass (COM) and centre of pressure, and a lower peak COM velocity when performing the backhand backward lunge tasks. In conclusion, the injured group used reduced knee and trunk motions to complete the backhand lunge tasks. Furthermore, the paraspinal muscles contributed to the lunge performance of the individuals with knee pain, whereas the knee extensors and ankle plantar flexor played a greater role for those without knee pain. 相似文献
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Gordon R. Chalmers 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(1):137-157
Literature examining the recruitment order of motor units during lengthening (eccentric) contractions was reviewed to determine if fast-twitch motor units can be active while lower threshold slow-twitch motor units are not active. Studies utilizing surface electromyogram (EMG) amplitude, single motor unit activity, spike amplitude–frequency analyses, EMG power spectrum, mechanomyographic, and phosphocreatine-to-creatine ratio (PCr/Cr) techniques were reviewed. Only single motor unit and PCr/Cr data were found to be suitable to address the goals of this review. Nine of ten single motor unit studies, examining joint movement velocities up to 225°/s and forces up to 53% of a maximum voluntary contraction, found that the size principle of motor unit recruitment applied during lengthening contractions. Deviation from the size principle was demonstrated by one study examining movements within a small range of low velocities and modest forces, although other studies examining similar low forces and lengthening velocities reported size-ordered recruitment. The PCr/Cr data demonstrated the activation of all fibre types in lengthening maximal contractions. Most evidence indicates that for lengthening contractions of a wide range of efforts and speeds, fast-twitch muscle fibres cannot be selectively recruited without activity of the slow-twitch fibres of the same muscle. 相似文献
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踝关节作为人体的承重关节,在日常生活中会经常性的发生扭伤,大部分患者可以自愈,但是也有部分患者因损伤严重,没有及时治疗,导致踝关节的稳定性降低,并出现习惯性踝扭伤,继而造成踝关节的不稳。本文通过分析踝关节不稳的损伤机制,总结了功能性踝关节不稳的肌力康复训练研究。 相似文献
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我国优秀男子拳击运动员后手直拳击打环节相关肌群的EMG特征及其运动学分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:研究我国优秀男子拳击运动员后手直拳出拳击打环节相关肌群的sEMG特征及其相应的运动学变化,为拳击专项力量训练提供参考.方法:通过表面肌电和三维红外高速摄像系统同步测试方法,采集6名高水平男子拳击运动员后手直拳出拳击打环节表面肌电和运动学的相关数据.结果:1)出拳击打环节,肌肉活动顺序为:腓肠肌→股二头肌→三角肌前束→肱三头肌→肱二头肌长头→肱桡肌.2)击打过程中三角肌前束、肱二头肌和肱三头肌肉在相应时间位置上出现明显的预激活和共收缩现象.3)肌肉做功百分比排序为:三角肌前束＞肱三头肌＞股二头肌＞腓肠肌＞肱桡肌＞肱二头肌长头,aEMG计算结果与肌肉做功百分比保持相一致的趋势.4)肩关节、上臂环节质心和拳心速度的峰值在击打过程中呈现次序性.结论:拳击后直拳出拳击打环节所选肌肉活动呈现从下肢向上肢激活的次序性.击打过程中三角肌前束、肱二头肌和肱三头肌肉在相应时间位置上出现的预激活和共收缩现象可能是反映运动员技术水平和特点的指标.在肌肉做功百分比和aEMG方面,三角肌前束、肱三头肌和股二头肌在动作过程中表现出相对重要的地位.上肢相关肌群的活动次序与肩关节、上臂环节质心和拳心速度变化的时序性有着合理的解剖学相关,是产生上肢开放链鞭打动作的根本原因. 相似文献