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以连续递增负荷的踏车运动，测定了34名少年速度滑冰运动员在不同工作负荷时的通气量、吸氧量、心率、最大吸氧量、无氧阈、氧脉搏曲线和呼吸当量曲线，确定了最大氧脉搏和最佳呼吸效率点及生理参数。探讨了最大氧脉搏、无氧阈、最佳呼吸效率点在运动训练中的作用。为少年速滑运动员的训练工作提供科学依据。 相似文献
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少年中长跑运动员最佳呼吸效率点及对应参数的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以连续递增负荷的踏车运动,测定了34名少年中长跑运动员在不同工作负荷时的通气量、吸氧量、心率、最大吸氧量、呼吸当量曲线,确定了最佳呼吸效率点及生理参数,从理论上探讨了最佳呼吸效率点在运动训练中的作用,为少年中长跑运动员的训练工作提供科学依据。 相似文献
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探讨优秀女子蹼泳队员心肺机能适应性变化和能量代谢特征,为培养蹼泳竞技人才提供训练效果评定的理论依据。通过对我国优秀女子蹼泳队员与一般女子蹼泳队员在递增负荷运动过程中气体代谢变化特征进行比较研究发现,运动开始时实验组肺通气机能动员速度快于对照组;中等强度时,实验组摄氧量（VO2）增加速度减缓;高等强度时,对照组呼吸频率（RR）、心率（HR）、氧通气当量（VEO2）和通气量（VE）迅速增加;力竭时实验组RR、氧脉搏（O2P）、VE和VO2均高于对照组。 相似文献
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急性低氧对自行车运动员递增负荷运动时肌氧饱和度的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
目的:通过近红外光谱技术观察自行车运动员低氧下递增负荷运动时肌氧饱和度的变化,探索可靠、有效,无创的评价肌肉疲劳指标.方法:连续监测15名自行车运动员常氧和急性低氧环境下递增负荷运动时心肺系统和肌氧饱和度的变化.结果:(1)低氧条件下,由开始运动到75%最大功率,△[HbO2]降低、△[HHb]增高;由75%至100%最大功率时,△[HbO2]保持不变,△[HHb]和△[THb]增加.但在4个不同功率等级下低氧△[HbO2]均高于常氧值,△[HHb]存50%、75%和100%最大功率时均低于常氧对应值;(2)运动员在低氧运动时,无氧阈(VT)和最大摄氧量(VO2max)出现时对应的心率、气体代谢、血氧饱和度(SpO2)和功率都出现降低;其中VT和VO2max/对应的VO2、VE/VO2、VE/VCO2和SpO2都低于常氧运动时的值.结论:(1)自行车运动员低氧运动时相对强度增大,而低氧通气反应显著高于常氧水平.提示提高自行车运动员在高原训练和/或比赛时的低氧通气反应有利于提高其有氧能力;(2)低氧运动时△[HbO2]显著高于常氧值,△[HHb]显著低于常氧值,说明肌氧饱和度是反映肌肉疲劳程度的敏感指标,可考虑将其作为监控和评价白行车运动员训练、比赛的指标. 相似文献
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男子800米跑运动员气体代谢机能的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
郝剑 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(3):44-45
通过对男子800米运动员递增负荷运动过程中气体代谢变化的实验研究,结果表明800米运动训练可以有效地提高机体的摄氧能力、通气量、氧脉搏及通气效率,在负荷运动中机体的适应性变化可作为评价运动效果的参考依据。 相似文献
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目的:通过近红外光谱学技术观察公路自行车运动员急性低氧运动时脑氧饱和度变化特征,以期为该项目科学化训练提供参考.方法:采用交叉设计,15名优秀公路赛自行车运动员(9男6女)于常氧和急性低氧环境下进行递增负荷运动,运动过程中连续监测其通气功能、动脉血氧饱和度和脑组织氧饱和度的变化.结果:(1)运动员低氧下出现无氧阈和最大摄氧量时对应的通气指标和血氧饱和度都显著低于常氧对应值.(2)低氧下,从开始运动到力竭时脑氧饱和度呈△[02Hb]降低、△[HHb]和△[THb]升高的趋势.在25％、50％、75％和100％相对功率等级时,△[O2Hb]和△[THb]显著低于常氧值,△[HHb]显著高于常氧值.△[THb]在75％～100％最大功率阶段,脑氧变化较小.(3)低氧下,相对功率和绝对功率对应的脑氧饱和度都显著大于常氧对应值.结论:自行车运动员常氧运动时脑氧饱和度在50％ ～ 75％最大功率区间维持在较高水平,而低氧下脑氧饱和度显著降低.低氧时相对运动强度变大、运动低氧血症(EIAH)和通气不足可能是脑氧显著降低的直接原因.故提高自行车运动员低氧通气反应有利于提高其脑氧饱和度,从而提高其有氧能力和运动成绩. 相似文献
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《西安体育学院学报》2000,(2)
通气速度超过代谢需求的结果就造成过度通气 ,这种情况可以有意识或无意识地发生。过度通气使人呼出多于正常呼出量的二氧化碳 ,从而降低血液中的二氧化碳。如果一个运动员在竞赛中过于激动 ,过度通气就会限制静脉回流并减少供应给脑的氧饱和血流 ,于是引起晕眩或昏厥。有时 ,长时间屏息可提高运动成绩 ;而屏息前如进行过渡通气能延长屏息时间。全速游泳时 ,如果运动员能避免转头换气 ,就可以经受较小的水的阻力。所以 ,在游泳的短距离比赛前进行过渡通气以减弱对呼吸的迫切要求 ,这样就可以全程都不换气。过度通气在运动中起什么作用?… 相似文献
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皮艇运动是主要由上肢和躯干肌肉参与作功的一项独特的运动项目.由于普及程度较差,研究难度大,国内外对皮艇运动生理学特点方面的研究很少.本研究以省级皮艇运动员为研究对象,利用皮艇测功仪和EOS-SPRINT心肺功能仪观察了运动员在模拟1000m和500m比赛时的吸氧量(VO_2),通气量(VE),心率(HR),潮气量(VT)等指标的变化.1000m模拟比赛时的实际耗氧量及最大吸氧量与1000m模拟比赛时的平均功率相关,500m模拟比赛时的实际耗氧量及最大吸氧量与其平均功率不相关,但两种模拟比赛时的实际耗氧量占最大吸氧量的百分数却与模拟比赛时的平均功率高度相关.据此,作者1000m比赛时有氧代谢占主导地位,500m时无氧代谢起重要作用.实验结果还提示运动过程中的实际耗氧量占最大吸氧量的百分数与训练水平有关,可能是有价值的评价参数.皮艇运动时的氧呼吸当量比自行车运动时小,实验结果提示其原因是皮艇运动时呼吸频率高,潮气量小,造成无效腔累积容积加大,出现通气量较高而肺泡通气量并不加大.笔者认为是由于皮艇运动限制了胸廓的运动幅度所造成的. 相似文献
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Nicholas Tam Jordan Santos-Concejero Ross Tucker Robert P. Lamberts Lisa K. Micklesfield 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(4):456-461
Impact loading in athletes participating in various sports has been positively associated with increased bone mineral density (BMD), but this has not been investigated in elite Kenyan runners. Body composition and site-specific BMD measures quantified with dual x-ray absorptiometry were measured in 15 elite male Kenyan runners and 23 apparently healthy South African males of different ethnicities. Training load and biomechanical variables associated with impact loading, such as joint stiffness, were determined in the elite Kenyan runners. Greater proximal femur (PF) BMD (g · cm?2) was higher (P = 0.001, ES = 1.24) in the elite Kenyan runners compared with the controls. Six of the 15 (40%) Kenyan runners exhibited lumbar spine (LS) Z-Scores below ?2.0 SD, whereas this was not found in the apparently healthy controls. PFBMD was associated with training load (r = 0.560, P = 0.003) and ankle (r = 0.710, P = 0.004) and knee (r = 0.546, P = 0.043) joint stiffness. Elite Kenyan runners exhibit greater PFBMD than healthy controls, which is associated with higher training load and higher joint stiffness. Our results reaffirm the benefits of impact loading on BMD at a weight-bearing site, while a high prevalence of low LSBMD in the elite Kenyan runners is hypothesised to be the result of a mismatch between energy intake and high training load. Future research investigating energy availability in Kenyan runners and the possible association with musculoskeletal injury should be investigated. 相似文献
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我国优秀女子长跑运动员高原训练模式初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
王德显 《天津体育学院学报》2005,20(4):85-87
高原训练是我国长跑、马拉松项目冲出亚洲、走向世界的有效途径。如何更加充分地利用高原自然环境，进一步发挥高原训练效果，提高高原训练的成功率，还需要不断探索。一个完整的高原训练过程包括平原大运动量训练阶段、高原大强度训练阶段和赛前平原大强度训练阶段3个部分，应妥善处理三者之间的负荷关系。 相似文献
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刘善云 《天津体育学院学报》1993,8(3):11-15
采用功率自行车渐增负荷的运动方式测定了81名不同项目耐力运动员的无氧阈,结果表明:用最大负荷百分比表示的无氧阈值,马拉松与自行车项目运动员显著高于竞走及中长跑运动员,并且各专项组男女运动员之间均无显著性别差异。本文报告的不同项目耐力运动员的无氧阈值,可为训练中评定运动员有氧工作能力和安排训练强度提供参考和依据。 相似文献
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Stephen J. Preece Christopher Bramah Duncan Mason 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):784-792
The biomechanical profile of high-level endurance runners may represent a useful model that could be used for developing training programmes designed to improve running style. This study, therefore, sought to compare the biomechanical characteristics of high-performance and recreational runners. Kinematic and kinetic measurements were taken during overground running from a cohort of 14 high-performance (8 male) and 14 recreational (8 male) runners, at four speeds ranging from 3.3 to 5.6?m?s?1. Two-way ANOVA analysis was then used to explore group and speed effects and principal component analysis used to explore the interdependence of the tested variables. The data showed the high-performance runners to have a gait style characterised by an increased vertical velocity of the centre of mass and a flight time that was 11% longer than the recreational group. The high-performance group were also observed to adopt a forefoot strike pattern, to contact the ground with their foot closer to their body and to have a larger ankle moment. Importantly, although observed group differences were mostly independent of speed, the tested variables showed a high degree of interdependence suggesting an underlying unitary phenomenon. This is the first study to compare high-performance and recreational runners across a full range of kinematic and kinetic variables. The results suggest that high-performance runners maintain stride length with a prolonged aerial phase, rather than by landing with a more extended knee. These findings motivate future intervention studies that should investigate whether recreational runners could benefit from instruction to decrease shank inclination at foot contact. 相似文献
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不同类型负荷对人体骨密度影响的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
王小燕 《西安体育学院学报》1999,(4)
对举重、中长跑和不从事任何专项运动（对照组） 各３０ 名男青年的前臂骨进行了观察测定, 并对三组青年的前臂木尧、尺骨骨皮质、骨髓腔、骨矿含量和骨密度等进行了统计分析。结果表明： 木尧、尺骨骨皮质厚度是举重组大于中长跑组和对照组, 具有显著性差异, 且中长跑组略高于对照组, 但无显著性差异, 骨髓腔径未见随骨皮质增厚而缩小; 其木尧、尺骨骨矿物含量和骨密度在三组之间存在着显著性差异, 即举重组、中长跑组、对照组。 相似文献
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Ellen Maas Jorien De Bie Riet Vanfleteren Wouter Hoogkamer Benedicte Vanwanseele 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(3):350-360
Fatigue, developed over the course of a run, may cause changes in running kinematics. Training status may influence the effect of fatigue on running kinematics, since well trained, competitive runners are used to running until exhaustion, whereas novice runners are not. This study aimed to determine changes in running kinematics during an exhaustive run in both novice (NOVICE) and competitive (COMP) long-distance runners. About 15 NOVICE and 15 COMP runners performed a treadmill run, until voluntary exhaustion at 3,200 m time trial pace. Joint angles and global trunk and pelvis angles were recorded at the beginning and at the end of the run. In both groups, peak pelvic anterior tilt, pelvic rotation range of motion (both during stance phase) and ankle plantar flexion during swing phase increased after the exhaustive run. There was a significant interaction effect between group and exhaustion for peak forward trunk lean, which increased only in the NOVICE group, and for hip abduction during mid-swing, which increased in NOVICE and decreased in COMP runners. In conclusion, NOVICE runners showed larger kinematic adjustments when exhausted than COMP runners. This may affect their running performance and should be taken into account when assessing a runner’s injury risk. 相似文献
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女子短跑运动员递增负荷期间呼吸／代谢变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用Sensormedics2900型呼吸代谢仪,通过观察女子400米短跑优秀运动员完成递增负荷过程中呼吸代谢机能的变化,结果发现：呼吸代谢机能具有阶段性变化特征,呼吸商在递增负荷运动初期呈“V”型变化,假稳定状态阶段VE及RR指标均呈闽值性变化,其变化特征与神经及体液调节密切相关。 相似文献
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Pablo Floría Alberto Sánchez-Sixto Reed Ferber Andrew J. Harrison 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(3):272-278
The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in coordination variability in running gait between trained runners and non-runners using continuous relative phase (CRP) analysis. Lower extremity kinematic data were collected for 22 participants during the stance phase. The participants were assigned to either a runner or non-runner group based on running volume training. Segment coordination and coordination variability were calculated for selected hip–knee and knee–ankle couplings. Independent t-tests and magnitude-based inferences were used to compare the 2 groups. There were limited differences in the CRP and its variability among runners and non-runner groups. The runners group achieved moderately lower coordination compared with non-runners group in the phase angle for hip abduction/adduction and knee flexion/extension. The runners tended to show moderately lower coordination variability in the phase angle for knee flexion/extension and subtalar inversion/eversion in comparison to non-runners group. These results suggested that levels of experience as estimated from weekly training volume had little influence on coordination and its variability. 相似文献