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1.
多数教练员都希望少年儿童游泳运动员能掌握好中交叉或中后交叉的自由泳配合技术动作。这两种配合技术减少了手臂入水后在身体前方消极滑行停顿的动作,使手臂较快地进入有效划水阶段,加强了划臂动作的连贯性。不仅前进速度均匀,而且能合理运用两肩的对称转动,当一手臂在空中向前移臂时,另一手臂正处于撑水部位,既能加强划水效果,又达到较为省力 相似文献
2.
第27届奥运会优秀女子短距离自由泳运动员的技、战术分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对第 2 7届奥运会游泳比赛女子短距离自由泳前 8名运动员技、战术的数理统计发现 ,在 5 0 m自由泳决赛中出发段的技术至关重要 ,途中游的速度主要取决于划幅和划频的技术组合 ,在 10 0 m自由泳决赛中 ,5 0 m的绝对速度实力是取胜的主要因素 ,前 8名运动员采用高频率的划频和划幅的技术组合 ,整体运动成绩得到了进一步的提高。 相似文献
3.
通过多年系统的游泳比赛技术监测采集游泳比赛途中游各项技术数据,以世界综合排名前100名运动员成绩为划分依据,研究女子100m蛙泳、200m自由泳运动员途中游分段速度、划幅、划频、游速的特点。研究结果显示:在女子100m蛙泳和200m自由泳中,世界优秀运动员均呈现快划频的趋势;在对成绩预测中,通过运动员的划幅、划频比较容易预测运动员成绩增长情况和上升空间,即在成绩相同情况下,运动员划频慢,成绩提高幅度大;对10名优秀女子100m蛙泳运动员的途中游个性研究和多年成绩分析表明,她们划幅、划频的个性特征非常明显,蛙泳优秀运动员相对集中,运动员年限也长;在对女子200m自由泳优秀运动员的途中游个性研究和多年成绩分析结果表明,与蛙泳不同,200m自由泳运动员个性化不是非常明显,优秀运动员相对保持高水平成绩年限少,运动员分散,说明自由泳运动员的各种能力和水平更趋于一致,优秀运动员保持高水平的能力要求更高;蛙泳对运动员的身高要求最少,而技术要求最高,是适合亚洲人的一项运动;运动员出成绩后保持高水平年限长,符合经济学原理;蛙泳项目一直是亚洲的强项和我国的传统优势项目。 相似文献
4.
《西安体育学院学报》2014,(3)
选取12名一级和二级男子大学生游泳运动员,通过对蛙泳划臂、蹬腿和配合技术产生的推进力与蛙泳技术动作周期进行测试,以此探讨蛙泳分解技术和配合技术的动作周期、推进力与运动成绩等参数之间的关系。研究结果表明:水中模拟蛙泳的划频、划幅技术参数值可反映出实际蛙泳的技术指标水平;一级和二级运动员各技术环节产生的推进力差异不大,划臂技术动作周期的差异和配合技术的划幅是影响二者运动水平的主要因素。 相似文献
5.
仲宇 《西安体育学院学报》2006,23(2):93-96
采用游泳比赛现场测试方法,对女子运动员50 m自由泳途中游每10 m游泳速度和划频、划幅技术进行了测试。结果显示:50 m自由泳速度的下降与运动水平无关,速度的下降主要是由划频的下降造成的。因此,要求高水平短距离游泳运动员不仅应具备高水平的速度能力同时应具有保持高速度运动的能力。 相似文献
6.
通过对2001、2003和2005年世锦赛男子自由泳项目前8名运动员比赛技术数据进行分析和比较，了解当今世界男子自由泳项目优秀运动员速度、划频、划幅的变化特征，并对男子自由泳运动员最佳划频和划幅组合特征进行探讨。结果发现：（1）短距离运动员划频明显高于中长距离运动员；中长距离项目运动员划幅增长也明显高于短距离项目运动员。（2）最高游速下，运动员的划频和划幅达到或接近最高水平。（3）男子自由泳运动员理想划频和划幅会随着个人特点和项目距离特点变化而变化。（4）个人理想的划频和划幅组合应保持有效划频和有效划幅的组合。（5）在疲劳状态下，仍能继续保持良好的划频和划幅是取得好成绩的关键。 相似文献
7.
对自由泳运动员在水槽和泳池训练技术参数的相关研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过探讨自由泳运动员在游泳水槽和泳池的技术参数,比较两个游泳环境的差异.23名自由泳运动员在适应水槽训练之后,分别在水槽和泳池里设定近似强度进行测试,发现男、女自由泳运动员在泳池里的平均划频略高于水槽,而平均划幅略低于水槽,两个游泳环境的技术参数无显著性差异,但是随着速度的增加差异趋于明显;技术指数没有显著性的差异,总体来说,水槽里的技术指数要高于泳池.自由泳运动员在水槽里的抓水时相要远远大于泳池,而抱水、推水的时相两者是几乎接近的,水上腾空时相水槽是远远低于泳池的.自由泳运动员在两个游泳环境里的技术参数均没有显著性差异,两种游泳环境基本上一致. 相似文献
8.
形态、素质对划频、划幅的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
本文试图以男子短距离自由泳为考察对象,研究我男短距离自由泳优秀运动员形态、素质与划频、划幅的关系,以便为我国游泳的科学训练提供一定的依据。 相似文献
9.
10.
《西安体育学院学报》2016,(1):124-128
采用录像解析、数理统计等研究方法对全国游泳冠军赛不同泳姿女子200 m预赛、半决赛、决赛运动员途中游每25 m划频、划幅和速度进行分析,得到以下结论:优秀女子200 m游泳运动员参赛途中游技术有向短距离项目高划频技术组合发展的趋势,相对预赛和半决赛组,各泳姿项目决赛组具有划频更快的一致技术特征;蝶泳、仰泳、自由泳运动员竞技水平越高途中游各段划幅、速度波动变化更小;蛙泳在各泳姿中有其技术特殊性,决赛运动员虽途中游各段速度更稳定,但划频、划幅调控幅度更大。挖掘划频、划幅组合潜力,提高速度、划频、划幅调控能力应作为现阶段优秀女子200 m运动员途中游技术训练的落脚点。 相似文献
11.
Bruno Mezêncio João Pedro Pinho Rudolf Huebner João Paulo Vilas-Boas Alberto Carlos Amadio Julio Cerca Serrão 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(8):910-917
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to propose a group of parameters able to quantify not only arm coordination but also inter limb coordination. These include the well know index of coordination with the relative duration of the stroke phases and two new parameters: the Index of synchronization (Ids) between arms and legs actions; and the Index of inter limb coordination (IdIC) calculated as the relative foot position during successive arm stroke phases. These parameters were compared between experts and amateur swimmers in a maximal front crawl sprint. The influence of arm stroke in leg kick parameters was also assessed, comparing the full stroke condition with a condition without arms actions. Sixty-five per cent of expert swimmers used synchronized limb actions while 95% of amateur swimmers used non-synchronized limb motions. These synchronized expert swimmers also converged towards a specific coordination pattern between foot position and arm stroke phases. In the condition without arms, both groups changed kick rate and amplitude. The present study reveals the interdependency of arms and legs actions and the importance of coordination and synchronization between limbs. Therefore, the proposed group of overall indexes of coordination provides a more complete marker for the analysis of swimming technique. 相似文献
12.
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of swimming speed on leg-to-arm coordination in competitive unilateral arm amputee front crawl swimmers. Thirteen well-trained swimmers were videotaped underwater during three 25-m front crawl trials (400 m, 100 m and 50 m pace). The number, duration and timing of leg kicks in relation to arm stroke phases were identified by video analysis. Within the group, a six-beat kick was predominantly used (n = 10) although some swimmers used a four-beat (n = 2) or eight-beat kick (n = 1). Swimming speed had no significant effect on the relative duration of arm stroke and leg kick phases. At all speeds, arm stroke phases were significantly different (P < 0.05) between the affected and unaffected sides. In contrast, the kicking phases of both legs were not different. Consequently, leg-to-arm coordination was asymmetrical. The instant when the leg kicks ended on the affected side corresponded with particular positions of the unaffected arm, but not with the same positions of the affected arm. In conclusion, the ability to dissociate the movements of the arms from the legs demonstrates that, because of their physical impairment, unilateral arm amputee swimmers functionally adapt their motor organisation to swim front crawl. 相似文献
13.
In this study, we assessed arm coordination in the backstroke over increasing speeds by adapting the index of coordination originally used in the front crawl. Fourteen elite male backstroke swimmers swam four trials of 25 m at the speeds corresponding to the 400-m, 200-m, 100-m, and 50-m events. The six phases of the arm stroke were identified by video analysis and then used to calculate the index of coordination, which corresponded to the time between the propulsive phases of the two arms. With increases in speed, the elite swimmers increased the stroke rate, the relative duration of their arm pull, and their index of coordination, and decreased the distance per stroke (P < 0.05). Arm coordination was always in catch-up (index of coordination of -12.9%) because the alternating body-roll and the small shoulder flexibility did not allow the opposition or superposition coordination seen in the front crawl. This new method also quantified the relative duration of the hand's lag time at the thigh, which did not change ( approximately 2%) with increasing speed for the elite swimmers. The index of coordination enables coaches to assess mistakes in backstroke coordination, particularly in the hand's lag time at the thigh. 相似文献
14.
Havriluk R 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2012,83(2):359-362
In a recent article by Schnitzler, Seifert, and Chollet (2011), they used an index of coordination (IdC) to quantify arm synchronization in swimming, which has become a practical standard to measure gaps (negative IdC) and overlaps (positive IdC) in arm propulsion. Their previous work supported an increase in IdC as swimming velocity and performance level increase, consistent with mechanics and physiology. Their recent study showed a lower IdC for expert swimmers than for recreational swimmers and concluded "catch-up coordination can be an efficient coordination mode. "In the hopes of preventing coaches and swimmers from using this finding to justify "catch-up stroke", other explanations are suggested. 相似文献
15.
Abstract In this study, we assessed arm coordination in the backstroke over increasing speeds by adapting the index of coordination originally used in the front crawl. Fourteen elite male backstroke swimmers swam four trials of 25 m at the speeds corresponding to the 400-m, 200-m, 100-m, and 50-m events. The six phases of the arm stroke were identified by video analysis and then used to calculate the index of coordination, which corresponded to the time between the propulsive phases of the two arms. With increases in speed, the elite swimmers increased the stroke rate, the relative duration of their arm pull, and their index of coordination, and decreased the distance per stroke (P < 0.05). Arm coordination was always in catch-up (index of coordination of ?12.9%) because the alternating body-roll and the small shoulder flexibility did not allow the opposition or superposition coordination seen in the front crawl. This new method also quantified the relative duration of the hand's lag time at the thigh, which did not change (～2%) with increasing speed for the elite swimmers. The index of coordination enables coaches to assess mistakes in backstroke coordination, particularly in the hand's lag time at the thigh. 相似文献
16.
We examined the preferred mode of arm coordination in 14 elite male front-crawl swimmers. Each swimmer performed eight successive swim trials in which target velocity increased from the swimmer's usual 3000-m velocity to his maximal velocity. Actual swim velocity, stroke rate, stroke length and the different arm stroke phases were then calculated from video analysis. Arm coordination was quantified by an index of coordination based on the lag time between the propulsive phases of each arm. The index expressed the three coordination modes in the front crawl: opposition, catch-up and superposition. First, in line with the dynamic approach to movement coordination, the index of coordination could be considered as an order parameter that qualitatively captured arm coordination. Second, two coordination modes were observed: a catch-up pattern (index of coordination?=??8.43%) consisting of a lag time between the propulsive phases of each arm, and a relative opposition pattern (index of coordination?=?0.89%) in which the propulsive phase of one arm ended when the propulsive phase of the other arm began. An abrupt change in the coordination pattern occurred at the critical velocity of 1.8?m?·?s?1, which corresponded to the 100-m pace: the swimmers switched from catch-up to relative opposition. This change in coordination resulted in a reorganization of the arm phases: the duration of the entry and catch phase decreased, while the duration of the pull and push phases increased in relation to the whole stroke. Third, these changes were coupled to increased stroke rate and decreased stroke length, indicating that stroke rate, stroke length, the stroke rate/stroke length ratio, as well as velocity, could be considered as control parameters. The control parameters can be manipulated to facilitate the emergence of specific coordination modes, which is highly relevant to training and learning. By adjusting the control and order parameters within the context of a specific race distance, both coach and swimmer will be able to detect the best adapted pattern for a given race pace and follow how arm coordination changes over the course of training. 相似文献
17.
Lisa Barnett Eric van Beurden Philip J. Morgan Doug Lincoln Avigdor Zask John Beard 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):363-368
We recently published an article on arm coordination and performance level in 400-m front-crawl swimming in Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (Schnitzler, Seifert, &; Chollet, 2011). The index of coordination (IdC) was used to quantify interarm coordination. Our results showed that expert swimmers exhibited lower IdC than recreational swimmers over a 400-m trial. In addition to criticizing various methodological points, Havriluk (2012) challenged our conclusion that catch-up could be an efficient model of coordination and instead suggested that it might lead to injuries. An important point in this debate, however, is that our definition of catch-up coordination may differ from the one proposed by Havriluk (2012), which would explain why we consider catch-up coordination to be the dominant mode of coordination used by expert swimmers during training sessions. 相似文献
18.
Effect of swimming velocity on arm coordination in the front crawl: a dynamic analysis 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
We examined the preferred mode of arm coordination in 14 elite male front-crawl swimmers. Each swimmer performed eight successive swim trials in which target velocity increased from the swimmer's usual 3000-m velocity to his maximal velocity. Actual swim velocity, stroke rate, stroke length and the different arm stroke phases were then calculated from video analysis. Arm coordination was quantified by an index of coordination based on the lag time between the propulsive phases of each arm. The index expressed the three coordination modes in the front crawl: opposition, catch-up and superposition. First, in line with the dynamic approach to movement coordination, the index of coordination could be considered as an order parameter that qualitatively captured arm coordination. Second, two coordination modes were observed: a catch-up pattern (index of coordination= -8.43%) consisting of a lag time between the propulsive phases of each arm, and a relative opposition pattern (index of coordination= 0.89%) in which the propulsive phase of one arm ended when the propulsive phase of the other arm began. An abrupt change in the coordination pattern occurred at the critical velocity of 1.8 m. s(-1), which corresponded to the 100-m pace: the swimmers switched from catch-up to relative opposition. This change in coordination resulted in a reorganization of the arm phases: the duration of the entry and catch phase decreased, while the duration of the pull and push phases increased in relation to the whole stroke. Third, these changes were coupled to increased stroke rate and decreased stroke length, indicating that stroke rate, stroke length, the stroke rate/stroke length ratio, as well as velocity, could be considered as control parameters. The control parameters can be manipulated to facilitate the emergence of specific coordination modes, which is highly relevant to training and learning. By adjusting the control and order parameters within the context of a specific race distance, both coach and swimmer will be able to detect the best adapted pattern for a given race pace and follow how arm coordination changes over the course of training. 相似文献
19.
This study examined arm and leg coordination and propulsion during the flat breaststroke in nine elite male and eight elite female swimmers over three race paces (200?m, 100?m and 50?m). Coordination was expressed using four temporal gaps (T1, T2, T3, T4), which described the continuity between the propulsive phases of the limbs, as recorded on a video device (50 Hz). Glide duration was denoted T1, the time between the beginning of arm and leg recovery was denoted T2, the time between the end of arm and the leg recovery was denoted T3, and the time between 90° of flexion during arm recovery and 90° during leg recovery was denoted T4. Using these temporal gaps, four stroke phases (propulsion, glide, recovery and leg insweep) could be followed over a complete arm and leg stroke. The total duration of arm and leg propulsion was assessed by a new index of flat breaststroke propulsion (IFBP). Velocity, stroke rate and stroke length were also calculated for each pace. The elite swimmers showed short T2, T3 and T4; moreover, T1 decreased when the pace increased. Expertise in the flat breaststroke was thus characterized by synchronized arm and leg recoveries and increased continuity in the arm and leg propulsions with increasing velocity. Differences between the sexes in the spatio-temporal parameters were possibly due to anthropometric differences (the men were heavier, older and taller than the women) and different motor organization linked to arm and leg coordination (shorter T3, body glide and body recovery, and greater body propulsion and higher IFBP in the men). The men's propulsive actions showed greater continuity, particularly in the sprint. The best men adopted a superposition coordination and thus had the ability to overcome very great active drag. Temporal gap measurement and the IFBP are practical indicators of arm and leg coordination and propulsion that can be exploited by coaches and swimmers to increase the continuity between propulsive actions during the flat breaststroke. 相似文献
20.
This study examined arm and leg coordination and propulsion during the flat breaststroke in nine elite male and eight elite female swimmers over three race paces (200 m, 100 m and 50 m). Coordination was expressed using four temporal gaps (T1, T2, T3, T4), which described the continuity between the propulsive phases of the limbs, as recorded on a video device (50 Hz). Glide duration was denoted T1, the time between the beginning of arm and leg recovery was denoted T2, the time between the end of arm and the leg recovery was denoted T3, and the time between 90 degrees of flexion during arm recovery and 90 degrees during leg recovery was denoted T4. Using these temporal gaps, four stroke phases (propulsion, glide, recovery and leg insweep) could be followed over a complete arm and leg stroke. The total duration of arm and leg propulsion was assessed by a new index of flat breaststroke propulsion (IFBP). Velocity, stroke rate and stroke length were also calculated for each pace. The elite swimmers showed short T2, T3 and T4; moreover, T1 decreased when the pace increased. Expertise in the flat breaststroke was thus characterized by synchronized arm and leg recoveries and increased continuity in the arm and leg propulsions with increasing velocity. Differences between the sexes in the spatio-temporal parameters were possibly due to anthropometric differences (the men were heavier, older and taller than the women) and different motor organization linked to arm and leg coordination (shorter T3, body glide and body recovery, and greater body propulsion and higher IFBP in the men). The men's propulsive actions showed greater continuity, particularly in the sprint. The best men adopted a superposition coordination and thus had the ability to overcome very great active drag. Temporal gap measurement and the IFBP are practical indicators of arm and leg coordination and propulsion that can be exploited by coaches and swimmers to increase the continuity between propulsive actions during the flat breaststroke. 相似文献