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王平 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(11):98-101
为更清晰准确的了解不同地区人群体质健康状况,促进体育锻炼,结合广东省人群体质状况,运用文献资料、专家访谈和数理统计等方法,研究制定了适应于广东省农村20-59岁成年人群的体质测定标准。本标准主要包括：该年龄段成年人的各单项指标评价标准和综合评级标准。 相似文献
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通过对不同体质水平人群的PWV及ABI指数进行检测,探讨其组间的指标差异及相应的运动干预对策。采取定点整群抽样的方法,对146名受试者进行体质测试,根据国民体质测定标准完成分组后进行PWV和ABI指数的检测。结果发现不同体质水平的受试者PWV和ABI指数等指标间存在着显著性差异,特别是体质水平不合格组的检测结果提示该组人群有动脉硬化的现象。这类人群应通过合理的体育锻炼,进一步增强体质,促进健康。 相似文献
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西安市成年人体质现状特征及变化规律的调查研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
按照《中国成年人体质测试标准》对西安市成年人进行抽样测试,对测量的结果进行了分析,首次对西安地区成年人的体质现状,不同职业、不同年龄人群的体质特点及其变化规律进行了探讨。结果表明：女子体质水平略高于男子,科教类男女体质水平最好,农业和工业类的体力劳动者体质水平较差 相似文献
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从统计分析的角度出发提出了因子分析法,得出综合因子及因子得分,并以此为依据对体质给出一个综合的统计评判标准．使人群中的每一个人明确自己的体质状况在该人群中所处的位置。主要目的是给出体质评判的一种统计方法。 相似文献
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通过文献研究和资料分析,将美国和日本学生体质测试演进的过程进行梳理.研究发现,美国学生体质测试的评价指标、评价方法、评价标准和具体实施途径与日本有很大的区别,但美国和日本的体质测试系统都将介绍和宣传体育活动与增强健康意识作为测试系统中重要的部分.目前,美国采用的总统青少年体质测试项目不仅包括普通学生的体质测量,还包括了对身体残疾青少年的体质测量,这两类人群体质测量的评价标准均为正常参照标准;日本政府为增强学生体质制定了长远的计划和要求,并为促进学生体质提升提供科研主持. 相似文献
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2010年男篮世锦赛前后,世界男子篮球竞争格局发生了微妙的变化。文章采用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,对第16届世界男子篮球锦标赛前后呈现出的目前世界男子篮球格局变化以及中国男子篮球队与世界各国男子篮球队的比赛情况进行了分析,结果表明,目前世界男子篮球竞争格局已形成欧美抗衡、群雄纷争的局面,美国队虽以年轻队员为主但优势显赫,霸主地位难以动摇,西欧和阿根廷男篮成绩不佳,东欧球队成功崛起。强调速度与对抗、注重整体攻防成为世界篮坛的发展趋势。中国男篮在世锦赛过后能够认真总结,应在体能训练、抢篮板球的意识、高水平对抗中技战术的应用能力以及年轻运动员的培养等方面多下功夫。 相似文献
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体能康是以中医整体观理论为指导，以“平衡阴阳，调和五脏”为宗旨，经过多年研究，以十数位名贵中草药组方而成，具有改善下丘脑功能，调节激素分泌水平，增强免疫调节，兴奋造血系统，促进机体解毒排毒，消除自由基，促进病损修复和再生的功能。运动员连续服用体能康，可明显提高机体抗疲劳作用，促进体能的恢复，提高运动成绩。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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大学生足球运动中下肢运动损伤调查与研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
尹克峰 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(6):32-33
足球运动是一项主要以脚为支配对抗性非常激烈的运动项目,在快速的对抗当中难免发生损伤,其中以下肢损伤多见。足球运动损伤在体育教学,训练,比赛和课外活动中时有发生,并不同程度地影响队员的学习、生活与训练。因此,在参与足球运动的同时应该注意运动损伤的预防,以免发生各类伤害事故。大学生作为参加足球运动最广泛的人群,其运动损伤最为全面并具有代表性。因此有关学生足球运动损伤的研究也就相对更有意义。 相似文献
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试论“竞技体育”的本质属性——从游戏论的观点出发 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
研究目的是从游戏论的角度来把握竞技运动概念的本质属性。考察的结论如下:(1)把竞技运动概念只解释成为高水平的选手竞技运动就不可能正确地把握竞技运动这一概念的外延。(2)只有将着眼点从竞技运动外部的各种目的转向其本体,才能准确地揭示竞技运动这一概念的内涵。(3)竞技运动是一种具有规则性、竞争性或者挑战性、娱乐性、不确定性的身体活动。(4)因竞技运动中的某些现象已失去了文化性,所以不能将竞技运动笼统地称为文化。 相似文献
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于华 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(3):37-38
本届世锦赛欧美争霸的局面并没有改变,中国队在此届比赛中与欧美强队的差距在逐渐缩小,尤其是防守能力的提高和比赛取胜的渴望令人印象深刻。但是中国队在比赛中暴露出来的缺点也很明显,那就是比赛中投篮次数太少、中近距离投篮命中率太低、前场进攻篮板拼抢不力、关键时刻失误过多,因此增加前场篮板的拼抢意识和能力,提高比赛中的出手次数,提升中近距离的投篮水平、增强比赛的相持能力是中国队今后努力的方向。 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Ludvig J. T. Rasmussen Lars D. Østergaard Vlad P. Glăveanu 《Sport, Education and Society》2019,24(5):491-506
The multidimensional concept of creativity has a much wider scope of application than disclosed by prevailing research on sporting creativity. In this area, creativity is mostly perceived, praised, and approached for its performative, in-game benefits. Pointing to the belief that creativity requires well-developed technical skills, this phenomenon is often treated as a performative end. When targeting creative match performances, the developmental and experiential benefits of creative activities may be neglected, and creativity may be reserved for the best offensive players. To nourish and nuance practical and scholastic dialogues, the purpose of this paper is to conceptualize creativity as a developmental resource in sport training activities. This is accomplished by building on and articulating [Shilling, C. (2005). Body in culture, technology and society. London: SAGE] body-sociology, [Gl?veanu, V. P. (2012). What can be done with an egg? Creativity, material objects, and the theory of affordances. The Journal of Creative BehaviorJournal of Creative Behavior, 46(3), 192–208. doi:10.1002/jocb.13, Gl?veanu, V. P. (2016b). The psychology of creating: A cultural-developmental approach to key dichotomies within creativity studies. In The Palgrave handbook of creativity and culture research (pp. 205–223). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-46344-9_10] socio-cultural notions about creativity, and [Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education– an introduction to the philosophy of education. New York, NY: The Free Press.] educational philosophy. Based on these positions, creativity is treated as a dynamic quality of action that is located in the transaction between the player and the specific situation (i.e. affordances, intentions, and norms). Hence, creativity regards the exploratory and playful processes of discovering, exploiting, and originating unusual action possibilities (i.e. acting on unperceived, unexploited, and uninvented affordances). Grounded in these ideas, we argue for the stimulation of creative actions during training, which should not be forgotten when trying to nurture in-game creativity. Essentially, the developmental benefits (e.g. learning and enjoyment) of creativity could apply to all players, at all levels. Among others, creativity may enhance their situated potential (e.g. expanding the boundaries of usual actions; developing the capacity for novel actions). For instance, the exploration of unexploited affordances (i.e. actions normally avoided due to norms) entails broad experiences and may help the players discover novel actions. Moreover, creative activities may develop the players’ capacity to search for, handle, and/or create unexpected, unusual, and novel situations. This is vital for players’ development and performance. 相似文献
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David Carless 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(5):607-625
This autoethnography explores challenging and ethically sensitive issues around sexual orientation, sexual identity and masculinity in the context of school sport. Through storytelling, I aim to show how sometimes ambiguous encounters with heterosexism, homophobia and hegemonic masculinity through sport problematise identity development for young same-sex attracted males. By foregrounding personal embodied experience, I respond to an absence of stories of gay and bisexual experiences among males in physical education and school sport, in an effort to reduce a continuing sense of Otherness and difference regarding same-sex attracted males. I rely on the story itself to express the embodied forms of knowing that inhabit the experiences I describe, and resist a finalising interpretation of the story. Instead, I offer personal reflections on particular theoretical and methodological issues which relate to both the form and content of the story. 相似文献
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通过观察统计、归纳与对比分析的方法，对2007年在中国举行的第5届FIFA女足世界杯决赛阶段中国、德国、巴西、美国等4支球队的多项技战术统计指标做出研析，揭示中国队与前3名球队的共性特征及差异所在。认为：中国女足新老交替问题突出；整体进攻成功率较低，应重视定位球战术的发展；整体防守效率不高；缺乏核心球员组，个人能力有待提高。 相似文献