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1.
目的：探讨个体（目标定向、能力知觉）和情境（动机气氛、同伴关系）变量对青少年运动员体育道德取向的预测效应。方法：采用问卷调查法
对259名青少年运动员的目标定向、能力知觉、动机气氛、同伴关系和体育道德取向进行测量。结果：（1）任务定向与高水平体育道德相关,自我定向
与低水平体育道德相关,能力知觉与高水平体育道德相关,体育运动中运动员目标定向存在3种类型（即高任务/低自我、中任务/中自我和高任务/高
自我）,不同类别复合目标定向型的体育道德取向存在显著的差异,高任务复合适宜自我目标定向与高水平的体育道德相关;（2）掌握气氛与高水平
体育道德相关,成绩气氛与低水平体育道德相关,同伴接纳与低水平体育道德相关;（3）掌握气氛、成绩气氛和能力知觉对自我定向与体育道德之间
的关系具有显著的调节效应,高掌握气氛、低成绩气氛和高能力知觉可以更加有效减轻自我定向对体育道德取向的消极影响。结论：个体和情境变
量对青少年运动员的体育道德取向有显著独立和交互预测效应。 相似文献
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青少年体育活动中的目标定向和自我决定理论: 年龄和性别的差异 总被引：17，自引：6，他引：11
以英格兰824名初中生为调查对象,主要考察了在目标定向、行为调节、能力知觉和体育活动参与情况上的年龄和性别差异,并且采用动机变量预测校外体育活动参与情况.研究结果呈现出明显的性别差异,男生有较高的自我定向、自我决定动机和能力知觉.与此一致的结果是男生比女生更喜爱体育活动.对男生来说,自我定向、自我决定动机和能力知觉是参加体育活动的正相关预测指标,而任务定向和无动机与体育活动参与没有关系.对女生来说,任务定向和能力知觉能够积极预测体育活动参与情况,而自我定向和无动机与体育活动的参与有负相关关系. 相似文献
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以430名青少年学生为被试,问卷调查其目标定向和自主性动机,通过聚类方法将目标定向分为高任务/高自我、高任务/低自我、低任务/低自我和低任务/高自我4种组合。通过调查了解青少年课外活动选择情况,考察不同目标定向组合和不同自主性动机水平的学生选择课外体育活动的差异。结果显示:(1)高任务/高自我、高任务/低自我的青少年平均每天在课余时间进行体育锻炼的时间最长,其次是低任务/高自我,而低任务/低目标的花费的时间最少。无论是何种目标定向的青少年在一般身体活动和教育娱乐两种活动类型中平均每天花费的时间不存在显著性差异;(2)在体育活动和一般身体活动中,倾向于内部动机的青少年要比倾向于外部动机的青少年花费的时间更长。但在教育和娱乐活动类型中,不同动机倾向性的青少年平均每天花费时间上并不存在显著性差异。研究结果提示,培养学生的高任务定向为主的目标定向和给予更多自主性动机支持有助于促进青少年学生更趋向于参与体育活动。 相似文献
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河北省普通高校大学生运动目标定向的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以河北省8所普通高校的877名大学生为调查对象,主要考察了不同组别学生在体育教学活动中的目标定向情况。结果表明:河北省普通高校大学生运动中目标定向得分表现出低任务定向得分和高自我定向得分的认知能力;男生在任务定向得分上高于女生且有显著差异;农村学生在任务定向得分上高于城镇学生且有显著差异;一年级学生在自我定向得分上高于二年级且有显著差异;跆拳道专项的学生自我定向得分低于武术和散打专项学生且有显著差异;按照目标定向的构成,可以将受试人群分为4类。建议在体育课堂教学的过程中应该从项目特点和学生特点等方面出发设置目标。 相似文献
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根据目标定向理论和自我决定理论在理论上的相近之处,从情景和个体的角度出发,通过创造的动机气氛,进行8周的实验,来比较两种不同教学气氛下,学生的目标定向和动机水平。研究结果表明,体育教学中创造任务掌握气氛有利于学生任务定向的形成,以及体育学习内部动机的提高和缺乏动机的降低,而体育教学中自我表现气氛会降低学生体育学习的内部动机;自主需要、归属需要和能力需要是影响体育学习动机水平的重要变量。 相似文献
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为探究大学生体育课学习过程中技术学习投入的形成机制,采用锻炼自我效能感量表、体育学习动机量表、心流体验量表和技术学习投入量表,调查了广东省部分高校的551名大学生,检验了变量间的中介作用。结果显示：①锻炼自我效能感、体育学习动机、心流体验和技术学习投入之间均存在显著正相关;②锻炼自我效能感正向影响技术学习投入;③体育学习动机、心流体验在锻炼自我效能感与技术学习投入之间分别起中介作用,且体育学习动机—心流体验的链式中介作用亦显著。 相似文献
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探讨道德认同、自我定向、道德推脱对大学生体育学习偏差行为的影响,检验多重中介模型适配性。采用道德认同的内在化分量表、运动中任务定向和自我定向问卷的自我定向分量表、体育道德推脱量表和大学生体育学习偏差行为量表,对1537名大学生(年龄20.42±0.532岁;男874人,女663人)进行调查。结果显示:道德认同对大学生体育学习偏差行为的负向影响显著(F=76.668),自我定向、道德推脱对偏差行为的正向影响分别显著(F自我定向=186.899,F道德推脱=137.076);在道德认同影响大学生体育学习偏差行为时,自我定向、道德推脱分别具备部分中介效应,而且,二者的多重中介效应也显著,中介效应分别占总效应的38.10%、5.04%和9.88%,即:道德认同对大学生体育学习偏差行为的间接影响效应占总效应的53.02%。结论:道德认同是改善大学生体育学习偏差行为的心理特质,自我定向、道德推脱是诱发体育学习偏差行为的前因要素;道德认同既可以直接的方式改善大学生体育学习偏差行为,还可以通过抑制道德推脱机制来缓解自我定向,进而有效避免产生体育学习的偏差行为。本研究可为防范和解决体育教学中的诸多潜在问题提供理论参考和实践启示。 相似文献
9.
林俊 《沈阳体育学院学报》2008,27(3):80-83
在Zimmerman自主学习理论基础上,根据我国中学生体育学习的实际情况, 从学习动机、学习策略、自我管理和学习环境四个方面编制了中学生体育自主学习能力问卷.通过因素分析发现,学习动机分量表可以提取3个因子:学习兴趣、价值意识、自我效能感.学习策略分量表可以提取2个因子:巩固策略和练习策略.自我管理分量表可以提取4个因子:自我总结、自我监控、目标内容、自我评价.学习环境分量表可以提取2个因子:物质环境和社会环境.总量表由51个题项组成,对量表进行的信度、效度检验结果表明,该量表具有较好的信、效度,可以用于中学生体育自主学习能力的测查. 相似文献
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大学生体育技能水平的影响因素研究 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
以258名大学一、二年级的学生为被试对象，根据交互作用原理考察了动机因素与学习策略对大学生体育技能水平的影响。结果表明：自我效能、任务定向目标、内在动机等动机因素和学习策略均与体育技能水平呈显著正相关，自我定向目标、外在动机与学习策略和体育技能水平呈显著负相关：自我效能、任务定向目标、学习策略对体育技能水平构成显著回归效应，可解释体育技能水平的66％的变异；内在动机通过影响学习策略间接影响体育技能水平。 相似文献
11.
Nikos Ntoumanis 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):397-409
The aim of this study was to examine the empirical links between achievement goal theory and self-determination theory in sport. Addressing theoretical and methodological limitations of previous research, the study tested the independent and interactive effects of goal orientations and perceived competence on seven motivational variables with different degrees of self-determination. Regression analyses of data collected from 247 British university students showed that task orientation predicted motivational variables with high self-determination. In contrast, ego orientation predicted motivational variables with low self-determination. Perceived competence predicted both high self-determined and low self-determined motivational variables. A significant interaction emerged between task and ego orientations in predicting external regulation. The results suggest the adaptive role of task orientation in facilitating self-determined motivation in sport. However, the findings are not conclusive, as the variance explained in most analyses was relatively small. Suggestions are offered for a more comprehensive empirical testing of the links between the two theories. 相似文献
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N Ntoumanis 《Journal of sports sciences》2001,19(6):397-409
The aim of this study was to examine the empirical links between achievement goal theory and self-determination theory in sport. Addressing theoretical and methodological limitations of previous research, the study tested the independent and interactive effects of goal orientations and perceived competence on seven motivational variables with different degrees of self-determination. Regression analyses of data collected from 247 British university students showed that task orientation predicted motivational variables with high self-determination. In contrast, ego orientation predicted motivational variables with low self-determination. Perceived competence predicted both high self-determined and low self-determined motivational variables. A significant interaction emerged between task and ego orientations in predicting external regulation. The results suggest the adaptive role of task orientation in facilitating self-determined motivation in sport. However, the findings are not conclusive, as the variance explained in most analyses was relatively small. Suggestions are offered for a more comprehensive empirical testing of the links between the two theories. 相似文献
13.
In this study, we examined the main and interactive effects of students' goal orientations, perceived competence and perceptions of the motivational climate on the motivational styles advanced by self-determination theory. The participants were 328 British secondary school students aged 13.6 +/- 0.6 years (mean +/- s). Moderated hierarchical regression analyses revealed task orientation, perceived competence and perceptions of a mastery climate to be positive predictors of self-determined styles of motivation. Perceived competence in physical education was negatively associated with amotivation. Significant interaction effects for mastery climate x task orientation and for ego orientation x perceived competence emerged. The results indicate that: (1) for students endorsing a high task orientation, the perception that the class climate was high in mastery cues was associated with increased intrinsic motivation; and (2) for students high in ego orientation, the belief that one was competent increased, while perceptions of incompetence attenuated intrinsic motivation. Additionally, a three-way interaction between ego orientation, performance climate and perceived competence emerged. In light of achievement goal and self-determination frameworks, we propose that studying the potential interplay between both individual and situational goal perspectives and the moderating effect of perceived competence may further enhance our understanding of motivation in physical education. 相似文献
14.
In this study, we examined the main and interactive effects of students' goal orientations, perceived competence and perceptions of the motivational climate on the motivational styles advanced by self-determination theory. The participants were 328 British secondary school students aged 13.6±0.6 years (mean±s). Moderated hierarchical regression analyses revealed task orientation, perceived competence and perceptions of a mastery climate to be positive predictors of self-determined styles of motivation. Perceived competence in physical education was negatively associated with amotivation. Significant interaction effects for mastery climate×task orientation and for ego orientation×perceived competence emerged. The results indicate that: (1) for students endorsing a high task orientation, the perception that the class climate was high in mastery cues was associated with increased intrinsic motivation; and (2) for students high in ego orientation, the belief that one was competent increased, while perceptions of incompetence attenuated intrinsic motivation. Additionally, a three-way interaction between ego orientation, performance climate and perceived competence emerged. In light of achievement goal and self-determination frameworks, we propose that studying the potential interplay between both individual and situational goal perspectives and the moderating effect of perceived competence may further enhance our understanding of motivation in physical education. 相似文献
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In the present study, we used a model of motivation grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 1991; Ryan & Deci, 2000a, 2000b, 2002) to examine the relationship between physical education (PE) students' motivational processes and ratings of their effort and persistence as provided by their PE teacher. Data were obtained from 394 British secondary school students (204 boys, 189 girls, 1 gender not specified; M age = 11.97 years; SD = .89; range = 11-14 years) who responded to a multisection inventory (tapping autonomy-support, autonomy, competence, relatedness, and self-determined motivation). The students' respective PE teachers subsequently provided ratings reflecting the effort and persistence each student exhibited in their PE classes. The hypothesized relationships among the study variables were examined via structural equation modeling analysis using latent factors. Results of maximum likelihood analysis using the bootstrapping method revealed the proposed model demonstrated a good fit to the data, chi-squared (292) = 632.68, p < .001; comparative fit index = .95; incremental fit index = .95, standardized root mean square residual = .077; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .054 (90% confidence interval of RMSEA = .049 -.060). Specifically, the model showed that students who perceived an autonomy supportive environment experienced greater levels of autonomy, competence, and relatedness and had higher scores on an index of self-determination. Student-reported levels of self-determined motivation positively predicted teacher ratings of effort and persistence in PE. The findings are discussed with regard to enhancing student motivation in PE settings. 相似文献
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Grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), the purpose of the present study was to examine whether amotivation, self-determined and controlling types of motivation could predict a range of exercise-related behaviours, cognitions and physical self-evaluations. Exercisers (n = 375) from ten health clubs in the North of England completed questionnaires measuring exercise motivation, exercise stages of change, number of relapses from exercise, future intention to exercise, barriers self-efficacy, physical self-worth and social physique anxiety. Controlling for age and sex, multiple and logistic regression analyses supported our hypotheses by showing self-determined motivation (i.e. intrinsic motivation and identified regulation) to predict more adaptive behavioural, cognitive and physical self-evaluation patterns than external regulation and amotivation. Introjected regulation was related to both adaptive and maladaptive outcomes. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis of variance revealed that exercisers in the maintenance stage of change displayed significantly more self-determined motivation to exercise than those in the preparation and action stages. The results illustrate the importance of promoting self-determined motivation in exercisers to improve the quality of their experiences, as well as to foster their exercise behaviour. Future research should examine the mechanisms that promote self-determined motivation in exercise. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):265-272
AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess achievement goal dominance, self-determined situational motivation and competence in high-level swimmers before and after three training sessions set at different working intensities (medium, sub-maximal and maximal). Nineteen athletes (males, n=9, 18.00±2.32 years; females, n=10, 16.30±2.01 years, range = 14–18) agreed to participate. They completed a questionnaire that included the Dominant Achievement Goal assessment instrument, the 2×2 Achievement Goals Questionnaire for Sport (AGQ-S), The Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) and the Competence subscale of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise questionnaire (BPNES). Results indicated that participants overwhelmingly showed mastery-approach achievement goal dominance, and it remained stable at the conclusion of the different training sessions under all intensity levels. This profile was positively correlated to self-determined situational motivation and competence. However, swimmers' feelings of competence increased only after the medium intensity level training session. After the completion of the maximal intensity training session, swimmers' self-determined motivation was significantly lower compared to the other two training sessions, which could be caused by a temporary period of burnout. Results indicated that high-level swimmers had a distinct mastery-approach dominant achievement goal profile that was not affected by the workload of the different training sessions. They also showed high levels of self-determined situational motivation and competence. However, heavy workloads should be controlled because they can cause transitory burnout. 相似文献
18.
Anne Cox Nicole Duncheon Lindley McDavid 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):765-773
Research has demonstrated the importance of relatedness perceptions to self-determined motivation in physical education. Therefore, studies have begun to examine the social factors contributing to feelings of relatedness. The purpose of this study was to examine teacher (perceived emotional support) and peer (acceptance, friendship quality) relationship variables to feelings of relatedness, motivation, and affective responses in junior high physical education students (N = 411). Results revealed that perceived relatedness mediated the relationship between variables and self-determined motivation and related directly to the amount of enjoyment and worry students experienced. These findings demonstrate that relationships with both teachers and peers are important for students' relatedness perceptions, motivation, enjoyment, and worry in physical education. 相似文献
19.
We examined a theoretical model of global self-esteem that incorporated constructs from achievement goal and self-determination theories. The model hypothesized that self-determined or autonomous motives would mediate the influence of achievement goal orientation on global self-esteem. The adapted version of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (Mullan et al., 1997), the Perception of Success Questionnaire (Roberts & Balague, 1991), and Rosenberg's (1965) self-esteem scales were administered to 634 high school students aged 11 - 15 years. A structural equation model supported the hypotheses and demonstrated that autonomous motives mediated the effect of goal orientations on global self-esteem. The results suggest that generalized motivational orientations influence self-esteem by affecting autonomous motivation and is consistent with theory that suggests that experiences relating to intrinsic motivation are the mechanism by which global motivational orientations are translated into adaptive outcomes like self-esteem. The findings suggest that physical activity interventions that target autonomous motives in physical activity contexts are likely to enhance young people's general self-esteem. 相似文献
20.
The aim of this paper is to present a motivational model of the coach-athlete relationship that describes how coaches may influence athletes' motivation. In line with cognitive evaluation theory (Deci and Ryan, 1980, 1985) and the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (Vallerand, 1997, 2000), a motivational sequence is proposed where coaches' personal orientation towards coaching, the context within which they operate, and their perceptions of their athletes' behaviour and motivation influence coaches' behaviours. Also, coaches' behaviours in the form of autonomy-supportive behaviours, provision of structure and involvement have a beneficial impact on athletes' needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness, which, in turn, nurture athletes' intrinsic motivation and self-determined types of extrinsic motivation. Here, we first review coaches' autonomy-supportive behaviours. We then describe the psychological processes through which coaching behaviours have a positive influence on athletes' intrinsic and self-determined extrinsic motivation. Finally, we identify social and personality processes that determine coaching behaviours. 相似文献