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分析运动训练对运动员体温、水代谢、电解质代谢的影响,以及运动训练过程中运动员水盐代谢的激素调节机制.认为:运动训练使运动员机体排汗增加,水及电解质的大量丢失导致机体水盐代谢的紊乱;运动时水盐代谢的神经体液调节具有一定的滞后性及局限性,合理补液可缓解运动热应激产生的不利影响,促进疲劳消除. 相似文献
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DOMS和EIMD的机制主要有机械损伤、代谢产物堆积、肌肉痉挛、急性炎症反应、自由基损伤等学说,目前常用的检测指标有Mb、MHC、CK、CK．MM及其亚型、sTnI、IL-6和骨骼肌骨架蛋白desmin等，CK-MM及其亚型、sTnI和IL-6可以作为运动性骨骼肌损伤检测的特异性敏感标志物：运动预处理、适宜的物理手段、抗氧化剂、药物以及传统医疗手段能减轻DOMS，对EIMD具有一定的保护作用。 相似文献
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铁代谢的研究一直是运动科学领域的一项重要课题，本文描述了运动与铁代谢的关系，包括运动对铁代谢的影响，运动引起铁缺失的可能机制以及缺铁对机体可能造成的影响。低氧训练作为一种特殊的训练手段在国内外正逐渐流行，目前有关低氧训练与铁代谢关系的研究还比较少，本文对低氧时铁代谢的影响以及低氧训练过程中铁的补充关系进行了简单的总结与分析。 相似文献
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通过梳理重复性离心运动（eccentric exercise,ECC）与代谢性疾病防治相关研究,厘清重复性ECC在代谢性疾病防治中的应用成果、适应机制以及应用风险防范。ECC初期,一次不适应的ECC诱发的骨骼肌超微结构损伤和暂时性胰岛素抵抗是机体的代偿性保护机制;重复性ECC可实现在相对较低心血管负担下进行高负荷肌肉运动,在人体代谢、骨骼肌质量与功能、身体成分、心血管功能、炎症、日常生活自理能力、运动依从性等方面产生有益影响,是心血管系统、呼吸系统、运动能力等受限的代谢性疾病患者及其风险人群有效且相对安全可行的理想运动方式。这一代谢性疾病防治效应是机体各系统产生适应的结果。未来研究需进一步针对代谢性疾病患者及其风险人群探究更高依从性且功效更大化的ECC干预方案,并深入探索其机制。 相似文献
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男子800米跑运动员气体代谢机能的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
郝剑 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(3):44-45
通过对男子800米运动员递增负荷运动过程中气体代谢变化的实验研究,结果表明800米运动训练可以有效地提高机体的摄氧能力、通气量、氧脉搏及通气效率,在负荷运动中机体的适应性变化可作为评价运动效果的参考依据。 相似文献
6.
糖的有氧代谢是长时间、大强度运动时能量的主要来源,机体摄入和运输氧的能力、肌肉利用氧的能力和机体内糖的贮备等,都是影响运动员糖有氧代谢的因素。个体乳酸阈训练法、间歇训练法、持续训练法和低氧训练法等,可提高不同专项运动员糖的有氧代谢能力。 相似文献
7.
高强度运动时腺嘌呤核苷酸代谢起着重要作用。高强度运动造成腺苷酸从肌肉中丢失,机体如何回补？运动员是否需要从食物中补充？这正是当前学者们研究的一个重要课题。 相似文献
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不同水平女子拳击运动员无氧代谢能力特征研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探讨不同水平女子拳击运动员无氧代谢能力特征及其差异,对24名女子拳击运动员进行30s无氧功测试(采用Monark839E功率自行车),并测定其运动后即刻、3min、5min、7min的心率和血乳酸.研究发现高水平运动员经过系统专业训练后,其机体的无氧代谢能力明显优于低水平运动员;恢复期高水平组运动员心率恢复较快是运动员经多年系统训练对运动适应的重要表现;高水平和中等水平运动员机体乳酸缓冲系统和消除系统机能好,无氧代谢恢复能力较强. 相似文献
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Validity of the VmaxST portable metabolic measurement system 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Laurent CM Meyers MC Robinson CA Strong LR Chase C Goodwin B 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(7):709-716
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the validity of the portable VmaxST telemetry metabolic measurement device with that of a standard measurement system (Vmax29). Thirty asymptomatic, moderately active males provided written, informed consent and completed two maximal graded treadmill exercise tests (Bruce) using the VmaxST and the Vmax29 metabolic measurement systems. Tests were performed in random order on separate days to obtain peak values for time to exhaustion, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), ventilation (VE), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Multivariate analysis of variance revealed no significant main effect (P = 0.88) between the two systems across any variable, suggesting similar measurement capabilities between the two systems. Linear regression analyses revealed moderate to high coefficients of determination for VO2 (r2 = 0.99), VCO2 (r2 = 0.99), VE r2 = 0.99), and RER (r2 = 0.89). Furthermore, Bland-Altman analyses demonstrated that the VmaxST yielded similar values to the Vmax29, suggesting good agreement between the two systems. Agreement was confirmed when the differences between the methods resulted in a small range as identified by the 95% limits of agreement. Findings from the current study confirm that the VmaxST is a valid device for measuring metabolic and physiological variables during exercise within a controlled laboratory setting. 相似文献
13.
C. Matthew Laurent Michael C. Meyers Clay A. Robinson Lorna R. Strong Charles Chase Beelee Goodwin 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):709-716
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess and compare the validity of the portable VmaxST telemetry metabolic measurement device with that of a standard measurement system (Vmax29). Thirty asymptomatic, moderately active males provided written, informed consent and completed two maximal graded treadmill exercise tests (Bruce) using the VmaxST and the Vmax29 metabolic measurement systems. Tests were performed in random order on separate days to obtain peak values for time to exhaustion, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O2), carbon dioxide production ([Vdot]CO2), ventilation ([Vdot] E), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Multivariate analysis of variance revealed no significant main effect (P = 0.88) between the two systems across any variable, suggesting similar measurement capabilities between the two systems. Linear regression analyses revealed moderate to high coefficients of determination for [Vdot]O2 (r 2 = 0.99), [Vdot]CO2 (r 2 = 0.99), [Vdot] E (r 2 = 0.99), and RER (r 2 = 0.89). Furthermore, Bland-Altman analyses demonstrated that the VmaxST yielded similar values to the Vmax29, suggesting good agreement between the two systems. Agreement was confirmed when the differences between the methods resulted in a small range as identified by the 95% limits of agreement. Findings from the current study confirm that the VmaxST is a valid device for measuring metabolic and physiological variables during exercise within a controlled laboratory setting. 相似文献
14.
Exercise intensity and metabolic response in singles tennis 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Christmass MA Richmond SE Cable NT Arthur PG Hartmann PE 《Journal of sports sciences》1998,16(8):739-747
The aim of this study was to determine exercise intensity and metabolic response during singles tennis play. Techniques for assessment of exercise intensity were studied on-court and in the laboratory. The on-court study required eight State-level tennis players to complete a competitive singles tennis match. During the laboratory study, a separate group of seven male subjects performed an intermittent and a continuous treadmill run. During tennis play, heart rate (HR) and relative exercise intensity (72 +/- 1.9% VO2max; estimated from measurement of heart rate) remained constant (83.4 +/- 0.9% HRmax; mean +/- s(x)) after the second change of end. The peak value for estimated play intensity (1.25 +/- 0.11 steps x s(-1); from video analysis) occurred after the fourth change of end (P< 0.005). Plasma lactate concentration, measured at rest and at the change of ends, increased 175% from 2.13 +/- 0.32 mmol x l(-1) at rest to a peak 5.86 +/- 1.33 mmol x l(-1) after the sixth change of end (P < 0.001). A linear regression model, which included significant terms for %HRmax (P< 0.001), estimated play intensity (P < 0.001) and subject (P < 0.00), as well as a %HRmax subject interaction (P < 0.05), accounted for 82% of the variation in plasma lactate concentration. During intermittent laboratory treadmill running, % VO2peak estimated from heart rate was 17% higher than the value derived from the measured VO2 (79.7 +/- 2.2% and 69.0 +/- 2.5% VO2peak respectively; P< 0.001). The %VO2peak was estimated with reasonable accuracy during continuous treadmill running (5% error). We conclude that changes in exercise intensity based on measurements of heart rate and a time-motion analysis of court movement patterns explain the variation in lactate concentration observed during singles tennis, and that measuring heart rate during play, in association with preliminary fitness tests to estimate VO2, will overestimate the aerobic response. 相似文献
15.
Michael A. Christmass Susan E. Richmond Nigel T. Cable Peter G. Arthur Peter E. Hartmann 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):739-747
The aim of this study was to determine exercise intensity and metabolic response during singles tennis play. Techniques for assessment of exercise intensity were studied on-court and in the laboratory. The on-court study required eight State-level tennis players to complete a competitive singles tennis match. During the laboratory study, a separate group of seven male subjects performed an intermittent and a continuous treadmill run. During tennis play, heart rate (HR) and relative exercise intensity (72 ± 1.9% V O 2m ax ; estimated from measurement of heart rate) remained constant (83.4 ± 0.9% HR m ax ; mean s x ) after the second change of end. The peak value for estimated play intensity (1.25 ± 0.11 steps . s -1 ; from video analysis) occurred after the fourth change of end (P < 0.005). Plasma lactate concentration, measured at rest and at the change of ends, increased 175% from 2.13 ± 0.32 mmol . l -1 at rest to a peak 5.86 ± 1.33 mmol . l -1 after the sixth change of end (P < 0.001). A linear regression model, which included significant terms for %HR m ax (P < 0.001) and subject (P < 0.001), as well as a %HR max subject interaction (P < 0.05), accounted for 82% of the variation in plasma lactate concentration. During intermittent laboratory treadmill running, % V O 2peak estimated from heart rate was 17% higher than the value derived from the measured V O 2 (79.7 ± 2.2% and 69.0 ± 2.5% V O 2peak respectively; P < 0.001). The % V O 2peak was estimated with reasonable accuracy during continuous treadmill running (5% error). We conclude that changes in exercise intensity based on measurements of heart rate and a time-motion analysis of court movement patterns explain the variation in lactate concentration observed during singles tennis, and that measuring heart rate during play, in association with preliminary fitness tests to estimate V O 2 , will overestimate the aerobic response. (P < 0.001), estimated play intensity 相似文献
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Alyssa M. Gantz 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(10):1103-1110
The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic and metabolic effects of running on an irregular surface. We also examined how altering the frontal plane foot angle (inversion/eversion) at contact using real-time visual feedback would affect these other variables. Sixteen participants completed three running bouts lasting 5–7 minutes each on an irregular surface (IS) treadmill, a traditional smooth surface (SS) treadmill, and on SS while receiving visual feedback of the frontal plane foot angle at contact (SSF) with a goal of matching IS foot angle on SS. Frontal plane foot angle increased 40% from IS to SS (IS: 8.4 ± 4.09°, SS: 11.8 ± 4.52°, P < 0.0001, ES 1.40). Knee flexion angle at contact decreased 33% from IS to SS (IS: 9.2 ± 4.88°, SS: 6.2 ± 5.03°, P < 0.0001, ES 1.30). Rate of oxygen consumption decreased by 10% from IS to SS (IS: 37.9 ± 5.68 ml·kg?1·min?1, SS: 34.1 ± 5.07 ml·kg?1·min?1, P < 0.0001, ES 3.05). PSD of leg accelerations decreased by 38% (IS: 0.17 ± 0.07 g2/Hz, SS: 0.106 ± 0.05 g2/Hz, P < 0.000, ES 1.69). Frontal plane foot angle decreased by 14% from SS to SSF (SS: 11.8 ± 4.52°, SSF: 10.1 ± 4.42°, P = 0.027. ES 0.62) but did not result in significant changes in any other variables. There were no significant differences in shock attenuation between any conditions (IS: ?9.8 ± 2.26 dB, SS: ?9.5 ± 3.12 dB, SSF: ?9.9 ± 2.62 dB, P = 0.671). Running with greater eversion on the irregular surface may be an attempt by runners to reduce the perceived potential of an inversion ankle sprain. As a partial compensation for the decreased foot angle, runners increased knee flexion. This maintained shock attenuation but increased the rate of oxygen consumption. Altering the foot angle at contact using feedback on the SS caused the knee angle at contact to increase, but did not change shock attenuation or metabolic cost. 相似文献
17.
Julianne D. van der Berg Coen D.A. Stehouwer Hans Bosma Paolo Caserotti Gudny Eiriksdottir Nanna Y. Arnardottir 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(15):1746-1754
Dynamic sitting, such as fidgeting and desk work, might be associated with health, but remains difficult to identify out of accelerometry data. We examined, in a laboratory study, whether dynamic sitting can be identified out of triaxial activity counts. Among 18 participants (56% men, 27.3 ± 6.5 years), up to 236 counts per minute were recorded in the anteroposterior and mediolateral axes during dynamic sitting using a hip-worn accelerometer. Subsequently, we examined in 621 participants (38% men, 80.0 ± 4.7 years) from the AGES-Reykjavik Study whether dynamic sitting was associated with cardio-metabolic health. Compared to participants who recorded the fewest dynamic sitting minutes (Q1), those with more dynamic sitting minutes had a lower BMI (Q2 = ?1.39 (95%CI = ?2.33;–0.46); Q3 = ?1.87 (?2.82;–0.92); Q4 = ?3.38 (?4.32;–2.45)), a smaller waist circumference (Q2 = ?2.95 (?5.44;–0.46); Q3 = ?3.47 (?6.01;–0.93); Q4 = ?8.21 (?10.72;–5.71)), and a lower odds for the metabolic syndrome (Q2 = 0.74 [0.45;1.20] Q3 = 0.58 [0.36;0.95]; Q4 = 0.36 [0.22;0.59]). Our findings suggest that dynamic sitting might be identified using accelerometry and that this behaviour was associated with health. This might be important given the large amounts of time people spend sitting. Future studies with a focus on validation, causation and physiological pathways are needed to further examine the possible relevance of dynamic sitting. 相似文献
18.
Maximal work production following two levels of artificially induced metabolic alkalosis 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
D C McKenzie K D Coutts D R Stirling H H Hoeben G Kuzara 《Journal of sports sciences》1986,4(1):35-38
In order to determine the influence of two artificially induced alkalotic states on the ability to perform maximal exercise, six male subjects (mean age, 22.0 years; mean height, 176.8 cm; mean weight, 69.1 kg; mean VO2 max, 3.83 l min-1) were studied during three experimental trials. The subjects performed six 60-s cycling bouts, at a work rate corresponding to 125% VO2 max, with 60 s recovery between work bouts; these regimens were performed 1 h after the ingestion of a solution containing either; I, placebo; II, NaHCO3 in a dosage of 0.15 g per kg body weight; or III, NaHCO3 0.30 g per kg body weight. The sixth work bout was continued until the pedal velocity dropped below 50 rev min-1. Total work done for the entire work period was calculated. Blood samples were taken from a forearm vein prior to the exercise bouts for analysis of pH and HCO3. The results showed a significant pre-exercise difference in pH and HCO3 for all conditions (P less than 0.01). In conditions where artificial alkalosis had been achieved prior to exercise there was significant increase in the work produced: I, 121.6 kJ; II, 133.1 kJ; III, 133.5 kJ (P less than 0.05). The time to fatigue in the six bout was also significantly increased; I, 74.7 s; II, 111.0 s; III, 106.0 p (P less than 0.05). There were no significant differences between conditions II and III. Thus augmentation of the bicarbonate reserves has a significant positive effect on the energy metabolism in interval-type exercise, leading to an increase in the work done and in the time to fatigue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
19.
ABSTRACT Surface compliance has been shown to affect leg stiffness and energetics. It is unknown if compliance differences between common treadmills would elicit such changes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if compliance design differences of common treadmills would affect the mechanics and energetics of running. Eleven runners ran at moderate, self-selected, matched belt speeds for three minutes on two treadmills: compliant (CT) and rigid (RT) decks. During the last minute of each trial, oxygen consumption and six markers describing the torso, thigh, shank and foot, and one marker to determine treadmill deflection were recorded. Leg stiffness, continuous relative phase (CRP) and CRP variability were calculated. Compared to RT, running on CT resulted in a significantly more compliant leg (8.591 kN?m?1 > 9.063 kN?m?1), lower oxygen consumption (34.69 ml?kg?1?min?1 < 36.86 ml?kg?1?min?1), different coordination patterns and greater variability, particularly during the push-off phase. These results are inconsistent with the literature because the deck of CT rebounds back at the runner during the absorption phase and away from the runner during the push-off phase. Therefore, care should be taken when using treadmills for research and comparing mechanical and energetic measures between studies. 相似文献
20.
Georges Jabbour Pascale Mauriege Denis Joanisse Horia-Daniel Iancu 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(20):1975-1981
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 6 weeks of supramaximal exercise training (SET) on performance variables and metabolic changes in sedentary obese adults.
Twenty-four obese adults were randomly allocated into a non-trained (NT) [n = 12; body mass index (BMI) = 33(3)] and SET group [n = 12; BMI = (33(2)]. After baseline metabolic and fitness measurements, the participants completed a 6-week SET intervention. Metabolic, anthropometric, and fitness assessments were repeated post-intervention.
For SET, fasting glucose (4.64(0.15) vs. 4.32(0.22) mmol · l–1; P < 0.01), insulin (23.2(4.6) vs. 13.8(3.3) µmol · ml–1; P < 0.01), homoeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (4.78(1.2) vs. 2.65(1.5); P < 0.01) and systolic blood pressure (127(3) vs. 120(3) mmHg; P < 0.01) were significantly lower 24-h post-intervention than at baseline and for the NT group, and these changes remained significant at 72-h and 2-weeks post-intervention (P < 0.01, respectively). Interestingly, nonesterified fatty acids (0.62(0.09) vs. 0.71(0.11) mmol · l–1; P < 0.01) and resting fat oxidation rate (57(11) vs. 63(4)%; P < 0.01) increased significantly from baseline 24-h post-intervention in the SET group and from baseline at 72-h (P < 0.01, respectively) and 2-weeks post-intervention (P < 0.01, respectively). Six weeks of SET improved a number of metabolic and vascular risk factors in obese, sedentary adults, highlighting the potential of SET to provide an alternative exercise model for the improvement of metabolic health in this population. 相似文献