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通过对澳大利亚体育体制的组织结构的剖析,以及对其体育政策的分析,得到对我国体育体制改革的一些启示,即结合学校体育发展竞技体育;加强政府及体育组织的绩效评估;平衡竞技体育与大众体育的发展;理清服务型体制内各组织的关系;建立服务型体育行政管理体制. 相似文献
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中国竞技体育现行管理体制的制度性代价 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
追溯建国以来的体育体制,80年代后形成的所谓"举国体制"是一种具有高度行政垄断性质的,与计划经济社会完全契合的体育体制.我国竞技体育现行管理体制特点包括:政府占绝对主导地位、将奥运会设为竞技体育最高层次、以专业体工队长期训练为主的训练体制、以"全运会"为核心的竞赛体制.运动员伤痛问题、对运动员终极关怀无法体现、后备人才萎缩,成为我国竞技体育管理体制的人文代价;而竞技体育是否为公共产品、运动竞赛的包袱难以卸载、查禁兴奋剂的成本高,成为我国竞技体育管理体制的经济代价;政府处于竞技体育政治风险的风口浪尖、比赛结果的"谎言化"、公平竞争的机制遭到破坏,成为我国竞技体育管理体制的政治代价. 相似文献
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我国竞技体育后备人才培养现状与对策 总被引：26，自引：2，他引：24
运用文献法、问卷调查法、系统分析法、社会学分析等研究方法,对影响和制约我国竞技体育后备人才培养的主要因素—训练体制、竞赛体制、体育管理体制以及有关社会学因素进行分析研究。以社会主义市场经济条件下竞技体育人才培养特点及发展的规律为切入点,多角度、深层次分析了我国训练体制、竞赛体制、体育管理体制与竞技体育后备人才培养现状以及相互关系。以我国竞技体育人才培养实践成功与不足的实例论证了体育与教育结合的必要性和重要性。初步建立了竞技体育人才培养可持续发展的理论框架,进而提出:树立现代化人才培养观;深化改革现行训练体制、加速学校化和社会化进程;完善竞赛体制、发挥竞赛的杠杆作用;优化体育管理体制;转变我国社会体育价值观是现阶段我国竞技体育发展的主要对策。 相似文献
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我国未来竞技体育管理体制构想 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在过去的研究中 ,很少有对未来体育管理体制方面的预测研究 ,而由于体制的基础作用 ,社会的发展又是以体制为根基 ,竞技体育要发展也必须建立与之相适应的竞技体育管理体制。因此 ,对未来竞技体育管理体制做一些预测和构想 ,对于规范竞技体育的组织体系 ,建立运转灵活、竞争有序的运行机制 ,保障我国竞技体育健康、快速、持续的向前发展有着积极的意义。本研究在分析我国竞技体育管理体制建立与发展的基础上 ,借鉴世界各国竞技体育管理体制的某些有益的东西 ,提出我国未来竞技体育管理体制的框架结构 ,为我国未来竞技体育发展提供组织保证。… 相似文献
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改革开放以来,出现了一些与社会主义市场经济体制的发展环境相适应的竞技体育的组织体制、竞赛体制和人才体制社会化的竞技体育模式,形成了市场经济体制下我国竞技体育发展的多元化模式. 相似文献
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在我国社会渐进式变革与发展的影响下,我国竞技体育也必将经历渐进变革逐步完善的发展过程。北京奥运会后,我国竞技体育举国体制在短期内不会发生变化,但现行投入模式将会由政府为主逐步转向由社会投入为主;奥运项目和非奥运项目将由国家和社会分别加大投入力度;＂体教结合＂人才培养模式将被逐步推广完善;适合我国国情的职业俱乐部体制将得到较快发展;以政府宏观控制与社会体育组织承办相结合的竞技体育竞赛体制将逐步建立。 相似文献
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运用文献资料法、比较分析等方法,利用丁俊晖成功的例子,针对我国"举国体制"的竞技体育人才培养模式在市场经济体制下的弊端,对我国竞技体育人才培养体制进行比较研究,论述另一种竞技体育人才培养体制的类型--社会力量投资竞技体育,给当前我国竞技体育人才培养体制带来新的启示,为进一步加快体育职业化改革,实现竞技体育社会化提供理论上的支持和建议. 相似文献
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我国竞技体育后备人才培养体制的现状分析及对策 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
竞技体育是一国体育的核心竞争力,而后备人才的培养是竞技体育发展的基础.目前,我国竞技体育后备人才培养体制中存在以下弊端:运动员的文化素质普遍偏低;训练的科学化程度不高(选材方面和训练出现"时间战"、"消耗战"的情况);竞赛杠杆的调节作用没有得到充分的发挥.在这种情形下,我们应该完善竞技体育后备人才培养体制,推进体制的创新;建立文化素质学习与技术训练相结合的运行机制,促使运动员的全面发展;建立科学化的训练模式;完善运动员社会保障体系;完善竞赛体制,充分发挥竞赛杠杆的调节作用. 相似文献
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依据我国体育强国发展战略的需求,通过对我国竞技体育体制现状的分析,提出了体育院校与体育运动中心相结合的竞技体育人才培养模式,旨在充分发挥体育院校在体育强国战略中的作用,实现我国竞技体育的可持续发展. 相似文献
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以α-甲基苯乙烯和叔戊醇为原料,在催化剂磷酸的作用下合成产物1,1,2,3,3-五甲基茚满。考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、反应物料比对反应收率的影响。结果表明：以10.5g磷酸为催化剂,叔戊醇与α-甲基苯乙烯的摩尔比为1.3：1,反应温度50℃,产物收率达到32%。 相似文献
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几种生化指标( C K、 B U N、 H B、 L A、尿蛋白和隐血、尿 P H、胆红素和尿胆原、尿肌酐) 在运动实践中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在当前国际竞技水平不断提高的形势下, 千分之一秒的胜负都需要运动员付出极大的生理代价, 这就更加要求以科学合理的手段最大限度地挖掘人类的运动能力, 有目的地进行科学训练。下面就一些比较常用的生化指标的特性及其在运动实践中的应用作一综述。如对训练的适应, 机能状态的评定, 实际应用方法等, 使运动训练更具科学性。本理论对教练员和运动员有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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C A Macera K L Jackson G W Hagenmaier J J Kronenfeld H W Kohl S N Blair 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1989,60(3):225-233
The incidence of orthopedic problems was examined in 5,582 men and women who attended the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas between 1974 and 1982. The effects of age, physical activity, physical fitness, and body mass index (BMI) on the occurrence of these problems were examined using a proportional hazards approach. The expected risk of orthopedic problems per person-year was 0.045 for men and 0.046 for women. For men, physical fitness, BMI, and physical activity were associated with orthopedic problems, while for women, physical activity was the main predictor. Age was not a factor for either gender. The effect of change in physical fitness, physical activity, and BMI was examined in a subset of 2,325 persons with more than one visit to the clinic. For women, physical activity and a decrease in BMI were associated with orthopedic problems, while for men none of those factors were significant. Again, age was not a factor in either group. The absence of any age effect on the occurrence of problems suggests that with regard to orthopedic problems, moderate amounts of physical activity in generally healthy persons may be recommended without special consideration as to age. 相似文献
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C. A. Macera Kirby L. Jackson Gerald W. Hagenmaier Jennie J. Kronenfeld Harold W. Kohl Steven N. Blair 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):225-233
Abstract The incidence of orthopedic problems was examined in 5, 582 men and women who attended the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas between 1974 and 1982. The effects of age, physical activity, physical fitness, and body mass index (EMI) on the occurrence of these problems were examined using a proportional hazards approach. The expected risk of orthopedic problems per person-year was 0.045 for men and 0.046 for women. For men, physical fitness, BMI, and physical activity were associated with orthopedic problems, while for women, physical activity was the main predictor. Age was not a factor for either gender. The effect of change in physical fitness, physical activity, and BMI was examined in a subset of 2, 325 persons with more than one visit to the clinic. For women, physical activity and a decrease in BMI were associated with orthopedic problems, while for men none of those factors were significant. Again, age was not a factor in either group. The absence of any age effect on the occurrence of problems suggests that with regard to orthopedic problems, moderate amounts of physical activity in generally healthy persons may be recommended without special consideration as to age. 相似文献
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Adam R. Nicholls Remco Polman Andrew R. Levy Jamie Taylor Stephen Cobley 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(13):1521-1530
Abstract The aim of this study was to examine stressors, coping, and coping effectiveness as a function of gender, type of sport, and skill. The sample consisted of 749 undergraduate athletes (455 males, 294 females) aged 18 – 38 years (mean = 19.8 years). Skill was classified as international/national, county, university, and club standard. Participants completed a stressor and coping concept map (Novak & Gowin, 1984). The results revealed gender, type of sport, and skill differences in relation to stressor frequencies, coping strategy deployment, and coping effectiveness. In contrast to previous research, females used a variety of problem-focused (e.g. planning, communication, technique-orientated coping) strategies more frequently than males. Team sport athletes reported a variety of sport-specific stressors relating to the demands of playing in a team environment. The group of national/international athletes reported using more planning, blocking, and visualization, and also reported that their coping was more effective than that of less-skilled athletes. 相似文献
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Stressors, coping, and coping effectiveness: gender, type of sport, and skill differences 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of this study was to examine stressors, coping, and coping effectiveness as a function of gender, type of sport, and skill. The sample consisted of 749 undergraduate athletes (455 males, 294 females) aged 18-38 years (mean= 19.8 years). Skill was classified as international/national, county, university, and club standard. Participants completed a stressor and coping concept map (Novak & Gowin, 1984). The results revealed gender, type of sport, and skill differences in relation to stressor frequencies, coping strategy deployment, and coping effectiveness. In contrast to previous research, females used a variety of problem-focused (e.g. planning, communication, technique-orientated coping) strategies more frequently than males. Team sport athletes reported a variety of sport-specific stressors relating to the demands of playing in a team environment. The group of national/international athletes reported using more planning, blocking, and visualization, and also reported that their coping was more effective than that of less-skilled athletes. 相似文献