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1.
篮、排球运动员下肢3关节肌等速测试的对比研究   总被引:32,自引:3,他引:29  
虞重干  郭权 《体育科学》2000,20(1):73-75,88
用Cybex等速测力系统对篮排球运动员进行了下肢3关节力量测试,结果表明两项目运动员下肢3关节肌力的主要差别在于膝关节伸肌离心收缩能力和膝关节屈肌向心收缩能力,在运动实践中可能表现为在起跳过程中的缓冲能力的差异。  相似文献   

2.
通过对篮、排球各10名一级运动员膝关节进行等动测试分析,结果表明:两项目运动员膝关节肌力特征最主要差异在于伸肌离心收缩能力和屈肌向心收缩能力,膝关节主对抗肌肌力比和同一肌群的离心与向心峰力矩比率上也存在一定差异,这种差异可能与两项目运动员起跳方式有关。  相似文献   

3.
魏文仪  王琨  伍勰  施宝兴 《体育科学》2003,23(1):127-132
本研究根据跳远项目的专项特点,设计研制一种能够模拟不同助跑速度,反映跳远运动员起跳过程中,起跳腿专项力量训练和专项能力测试的设备。通过对优秀跳远运动员在不同控制速度下(6m/s、7m/s、8m/s、9m/s;9人,72人次)和全程助跑跳远(9人)起跳测试结果的生物力学分析,得到以下主要结论:起跳过程中,随控制速度的增加,表现出起跳腿各关节肌群的工作能力增大,起跳腿髋、膝、踝关节肌群表现出较长的伸肌力矩时相和较大的伸肌力矩值;起跳腿各关节肌群快速离心收缩、向心收缩及离心与向心收缩的转换能力对起跳起着十分重要的作用。本研究的研制设备,能够针对不同水平(不同助跑速度)跳远运动员进行起跳腿专项能力测试与评定,并可成为跳远运动员专项力量训练的有效手段。  相似文献   

4.
以排球运动员4号位上步扣球的起跳动作为研究对象,通过摄像、足底压力和肌电多机同步测试结合等速测试来准确获得排球运动员上步扣球起跳过程中的运动学、动力学和生物学参数,结果表明,排球运动员起跳过程下肢伸肌群完成的是"拉长-缩短周期"收缩,因此训练中要加强下肢伸肌群超等长力量素质的训练;排球运动员在上步扣球起跳过程中足底压力随时间变化呈双峰形曲线,足底压力随时间变化的特点是影响起跳效果的重要因素,因此训练中要重视运动员快速起跳能力的训练;排球运动员臀大肌、股四头肌和小腿三头肌等伸肌群在起跳过程中发挥着重要的作用,因此训练中要重视下肢伸肌群起跳能力的训练;排球运动员下肢多关节等速深蹲起测试结果表明下肢肌肉工作特点与起跳动作的蹬伸阶段具有相似性,提示可以利用先进的等速测试与训练系统进行排球运动员下肢专项力量的训练.  相似文献   

5.
伸肌群的退让性收缩能力是体育运动中一切爆发性用力动作获得最佳力学效果的主要因素。这一点,在跳跃起跳中表现的尤为显著。提高起跳腿伸肌的退让性工作能力,是跳跃项目力量训练的共性问题,是跳跃训练中不可忽视的一种肌肉力量。它是影响起跳效果的重要因素之一。为了提高运动成绩,提高运动员的快速起跳能力,教练员往往致力于提高运动员下肢的蹬伸力量和蹬伸速度,即下肢工作肌群的克制性收缩能力。无疑,这是十分重要的。竞技比赛中,起跳的完成虽然是瞬间  相似文献   

6.
我国优秀青少年女子跳高运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
通过对18名二级以上青少年女子跳高运动员左右两侧膝关节进行等速测试,探析青少年跳高运动员膝关节向心屈伸肌群的生物力学特性,为运动训练、科学选材及临床康复等提供理论依据。利用Kinitech等速肌力测试系统对青少年女子跳高运动员膝关节进行等速肌力测试,发现青少年女子跳高运动员双侧膝关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩时的峰力矩随运动速度的增大(60°/s→240°/s)呈减小趋势,在60°/s和120°/s测试速度下同侧肌群表现为伸肌峰力矩明显大于屈肌峰力矩(P<0.05),而240°/s测试速度下则反之,同一测试速度下,左、右侧膝关节屈肌群峰力矩具有显著性差异(P<0.01),峰力矩屈伸比(F/E)随运动速度的增加呈增大的趋势;最大功率随运动速度的增大而增加,同一测试速度下屈肌群与伸肌群最大功率无明显差异(60°/s伸肌除外),达峰力矩的角度表现为伸肌明显低于屈肌,并随运动速度的增加有增大趋势,而伸肌有减小趋势。达峰力矩的时间表现为随速度的增加而减小的趋势,同一测试速度下表现出伸肌大于屈肌;相对峰力矩只有在240°/s运动速度下与大小腿比例(D/X)呈高度负相关。得出结论,青少年女子跳高运动员膝关节屈伸峰力矩变化规律与成年人基本一致,但双侧膝关节屈伸肌群做功能力较弱,应加强下肢肌群的速度力量练习。  相似文献   

7.
短跑途中跑支撑阶段支撑腿关节肌肉生物力学特性的研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
采用测力、测角加速度和多机多分辨拍摄技术对短跑途中跑支撑阶段肌肉动力学特征进行关节内力矩的计算与分析。研究表明,运动员踝关节跖屈肌的最大力矩与跑的速度呈显著相关;膝关节的伸肌在接近一半的支撑时间内是做离心收缩,离心收缩肌力矩的峰值要高于向心收缩的肌力矩峰值,离地前20%时刻膝关节屈肌起重要作用;髋关节在支撑阶段存在关节屈伸肌群交替工作,在着地后瞬间有较大的屈肌力矩,在离地前髋关节伸肌起重要作用,支撑阶段下肢关节肌肉快速退让性的离心收缩与主动收缩起同样重要的作用。  相似文献   

8.
青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对36名二级青少年男子篮球运动员双侧膝关节进行等速测试,探析青少年篮球运动员膝关节向心屈伸肌群的生物力学特性,为运动训练、科学选材及临床康复等提供理论依据.方法:利用 Kinitech等速康复肌力测试系统,对青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试.结果表明:青少年男子篮球运动员双侧膝关节屈伸峰力矩随测试速度的增加呈递减趋势,且膝伸肌大于膝屈肌(P<0.05),峰力矩屈伸比(F/E)随给定测试速度的增加呈递增趋势;最大功率随测试速度的增大而增加,同一测试速度下屈、伸肌群最大功率无明显差异,左、右侧相比也无显著性差异(60°/s伸肌除外);屈伸肌群达峰力矩的角度(APT)表现为伸肌角度明显低于屈肌角度,随速度增加左右两侧膝关节达峰力矩的角度无显著差异;双侧膝关节屈伸肌群达峰力矩的时间(TPT)随测试速度的增加而减小,同一测试速度下伸肌达峰力矩的时间大于屈肌;右侧膝关节屈肌相对峰力矩(PT/BM)与下肢形态学指标表现出不同程度的正相关.本研究结论,青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节峰力矩变化规律与成年人相一致,但左右侧膝关节屈伸肌群做功能力发展不平衡,屈伸肌群运动达峰力矩角度、达峰力矩的时间存在显著差异.  相似文献   

9.
采用ISOMED2000对陕西省优秀跆拳道运动员进行膝关节等速测试,获得屈伸肌群向心收缩的生物力学参数。结果表明:跆拳道运动员右膝的力量与爆发力强于左膝,建议加强左膝屈伸肌群的力量练习与训练中的实战进攻训练;左右膝关节屈伸肌群力量比值不合理,建议加强屈肌群的力量训练;建议以300o/s屈小腿,可以快速有效的回防并为下次进攻做好准备,建议以300o/s伸小腿,可以发挥小腿伸肌群的爆发能力。  相似文献   

10.
刘巍  刘冬森  刘峰 《冰雪运动》2011,33(1):24-26,31
通过测试我国优秀花样滑冰运动员等速状态下膝关节屈肌群与伸肌群力量,对我国优秀花样滑冰运动员膝关节力量状况进行研究,结果:在60°/s等速测试中,我国优秀花样滑冰运动员相对最大峰力矩均值左侧膝关节屈肌为1.51 N·m/kg,伸肌为2.44 N·m/kg,右侧为1.54 N·m/kg和2.70N·m/kg;左侧膝关节屈肌群与伸肌群力矩比为62.02%,右侧为57.49%;膝关节左侧屈肌群与右侧屈肌群比值的均值为99.60%;左侧伸肌群与右侧伸肌群比值的均值为91.77%;差异均未出现显著性(P〉0.5)。结论:1)总体上说我国优秀花样滑冰运动员双膝力量未存在显著性差异;2)就单个运动员而言,我国优秀花样滑冰运动员双膝力量存在一定差异;3)我国优秀花样滑冰运动员膝关节屈肌群力量有待增强。  相似文献   

11.
根据力学原理,本文建立了不同运动员间进行原地纵跳运动生物力学指标同步比较的方法。三名不同弹跳能力的运动员其原地纵跳进行了测力与录相同步分析。研究表明,能力强者在技术上表现出髋、膝、踝关节处极强的协调发力能力,而能力差者均出现滞后或超前的不协调性发力;不同能力的运动员在膝关节处发力较为接近,肩关节均是提前发力。但能力强者具有较强的肩关节发力能力,能力最差者则在肩、踝等关节处发力能力明显不足。  相似文献   

12.
利用CYBEX-NormT等速测试系统对我国46名优秀女子足球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速向心收缩测试与分析,结果提示:(1)提高我国女子足球运动员伸肌的最大力量和快速力量是提高运动能力的关键;(2)为防止腘绳肌的拉伤,应适当提高女足队员的膝关节屈肌的力量;(3)我国女子足球运动员膝关节屈伸肌比率不均衡是导致膝关节损伤的主要原因,力量训练中应加强屈、伸肌力量,尤其是伸肌的力量,以改善屈伸比率的不平衡,防止损伤的发生;(4)我国女子足球运动员存在两腿屈、伸肌力量不平衡现象,在力量训练中,应加强对弱势腿的力量训练,以保证两腿的肌力平衡,防止损伤的发生。  相似文献   

13.
结合训练实践,运用ISOMED2000等速测试仪对我国男子散打主力队员膝、肘关节屈伸肌群肌力特征进行测试与分析。结论:不同等级散打运动员肘关节屈伸肌群等速向心、离心收缩、膝关节伸肌群等速离心收缩相对峰力矩值在60°/s、180°/s时具有显著性差异(P<0.05);膝关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩、屈肌群离心收缩相对峰力矩值在各角速度下具有显著性差异(P<0.05);不同等级散打运动员肘、膝关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩在300°/s、离心收缩在240°/s时达到力矩梯度最大值,且差异显著。说明基础力量、中快速力量及快速动作爆发力能较好地反映专项运动水平,相对峰力矩、力矩梯度数值越大,专项水平越高。  相似文献   

14.
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscular strength in terms of knee extension and flexion, hip extension and flexion, and hip abduction and adduction among well-trained soccer players. Fourteen university soccer players participated in the study, who had previously been divided into two groups based on ability (Group A: above-average ability; Group B: average ability). Maximal isokinetic and concentric muscular strength was measured in knee extension/flexion, hip extension/flexion and hip abduction/adduction using an isokinetic dynamometer at 1.57 and 4.19 rad x s(-1) (3.14 rad x s(-1)) in both the dominant and non-dominant leg. The CSAs of the thigh, gluteus muscles and iliopsoas muscles were calculated based on magnetic resonance imaging. There was no significant difference between the two groups in muscle CSA and isokinetic strength. Although there were some statistically significant differences between the dominant and non-dominant leg in terms of CSA and strength (P < 0.05-0.01), these were small and negligible. Apart from a non-significant relationship between the CSAs of the adductor muscles and hip adductor strength (r < 0.26, N.S.), the CSA of the other muscle groups correlated with maximal isokinetic strength (r = 0.38-0.64, P < 0.05). These results suggest that no difference in muscle characteristics (in terms of muscle CSA and strength) was apparent among well-trained soccer players, even between the dominant and non-dominant leg. There is also a case that the anatomical function of a single (or group of) muscle(s) may not be reflected by the strength-CSA relationship depending on the movements (such as hip adduction-adductor muscle CSA). Thus, further studies are required to develop methods to assess neuromuscular function in relation to muscle morphology among soccer players.  相似文献   

15.
The purpose of this study was to compare the reverse two and one half somersault dive in a tuck position (305C) performed by females (n = 24), and the reverse two and one half somersault dive in a pike position (305B) performed by males (n = 21), to determine changes required by females to successfully perform 305B. Key performance variables in reverse dives were also compared to those of forward dives. Video data of the dives performed at the 1999 FINA World Diving Cup were captured and digitised to obtain times and postures of the divers at specific events including hurdle landing, takeoff, and entry. Estimates of hurdle flight height and mass-normalised work done on the springboard were obtained from hurdle and flight times. The males did more work on the springboard to achieve greater height and rotation than females. Females performing 305C had less hip and knee flexion at hurdle landing than males performing 305B and took longer to achieve maximum hip flexion after takeoff from the springboard. To progress from 305C to 305B females need to adjust their techniques to put more energy into the system. Desirable changes include increased height in the hurdle and increased hip and knee flexion prior to hurdle landing. Comparison of results for reverse dives with data previously presented for forward dives indicated that divers are more limited in the number of somersaults and dive position in reverse dives than forward dives despite equivalent or better height in reverse dives than forward dives.  相似文献   

16.
Diving     
The purpose of this study was to compare the reverse two and one half somersault dive in a tuck position (305C) performed by females (n = 24), and the reverse two and one half somersault dive in a pike position (305B) performed by males (n = 21), to determine changes required by females to successfully perform 305B. Key performance variables in reverse dives were also compared to those of forward dives. Video data of the dives performed at the 1999 FINA World Diving Cup were captured and digitised to obtain times and postures of the divers at specific events including hurdle landing, takeoff, and entry. Estimates of hurdle flight height and mass‐normalised work done on the springboard were obtained from hurdle and flight times. The males did more work on the springboard to achieve greater height and rotation than females. Females performing 305C had less hip and knee flexion at hurdle landing than males performing 305B and took longer to achieve maximum hip flexion after takeoff from the springboard. To progress from 305C to 305B females need to adjust their techniques to put more energy into the system. Desirable changes include increased height in the hurdle and increased hip and knee flexion prior to hurdle landing. Comparison of results for reverse dives with data previously presented for forward dives indicated that divers are more limited in the number of somersaults and dive position in reverse dives than forward dives despite equivalent or better height in reverse dives than forward dives.  相似文献   

17.
基于运动人体科学与运动训练学的相关理论,采用文献分析法、参与观察法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法等研究方法,对竞技太极拳中32系列难度动作落地单脚支撑技术特征进行理论分析和规律探讨。旨在从整体上系统地理解竞技太极拳中32系列难度动作各阶段间的关系,进而准确把握此类动作训练方法设计的理论基础,从而设计科学合理的训练方法,以提高运动员32系列难度动作落地单脚支撑的稳定性。研究得出,可通过SWISS球上俯卧转体等训练提高核心肌群的协调控制能力,BOSU球上单双腿直立或半蹲等练习增强髋关节肌群的离心收缩能力和协调控制能力,仰卧屈膝足跟夹SWISS球、手法松解等方式增强膝关节不同肌群的等长收缩、向心收缩、神经协调控制能力;通过踝关节PNF拉伸、跖趾关节PNF拉伸等增强足底非固有肌离心收缩能力和柔韧性,提高足底固有肌的神经协调能力。  相似文献   

18.
运用肌电与摄像对我国部分优秀女子沙滩排球运动员起跳环节的同步研究分析,结果表明:起跳时在一定范围内延长缓冲时间,有利于踩实沙子,减少蹬踏时的下陷幅度;缩短蹬伸时间,有利于下肢做爆发式的用力。踝关节、膝关节、髋关节运动方式符合能量传递原理,而各关节上附着的肌肉用力起始并不遵循动作顺序原理,主要是因沙地具有流动性、可压迫性造成的。这是沙排起跳用力方式与室内不同的主要特征之一。  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscular strength in terms of knee extension and flexion, hip extension and flexion, and hip abduction and adduction among well-trained soccer players. Fourteen university soccer players participated in the study, who had previously been divided into two groups based on ability (Group A: above-average ability; Group B: average ability). Maximal isokinetic and concentric muscular strength was measured in knee extension/flexion, hip extension/flexion and hip abduction/adduction using an isokinetic dynamometer at 1.57 and 4.19 rad·s?1 (3.14 rad·s?1) in both the dominant and non-dominant leg. The CSAs of the thigh, gluteus muscles and iliopsoas muscles were calculated based on magnetic resonance imaging. There was no significant difference between the two groups in muscle CSA and isokinetic strength. Although there were some statistically significant differences between the dominant and non-dominant leg in terms of CSA and strength (P<0.05–0.01), these were small and negligible. Apart from a non-significant relationship between the CSAs of the adductor muscles and hip adductor strength (r<0.26, n.s.), the CSA of the other muscle groups correlated with maximal isokinetic strength (r=0.38–0.64, P<0.05). These results suggest that no difference in muscle characteristics (in terms of muscle CSA and strength) was apparent among well-trained soccer players, even between the dominant and non-dominant leg. There is also a case that the anatomical function of a single (or group of) muscle(s) may not be reflected by the strength—CSA relationship depending on the movements (such as hip adduction-adductor muscle CSA). Thus, further studies are required to develop methods to assess neuromuscular function in relation to muscle morphology among soccer players.  相似文献   

20.
目的:通过对湖南师范大学9名北狮运动员双侧膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试,为揭示该项运动膝关节肌群收缩的生物力学特性提供实验依据。方法:采用BIODEX SYSTEM 3等速测试系统对湖南师范大学北狮运动员膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试,测试指标为峰力矩、相对峰力矩、屈伸肌峰力矩比、平均功率及做功疲劳度。结果:1)北狮运动员双侧膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩随测试速度的增加呈递减趋势;2)狮头狮尾屈伸肌群峰力矩比值和做功疲劳度无显著性差异;3)狮头狮尾左右膝关节同一肌群峰力矩无显著性差异。结论:舞狮运动员膝关节肌群峰力矩变化随测试速度的增加而减少,平均功率呈现随运动速度的增加而增加,到达一定速度后随速度的增加而减少的特征。  相似文献   

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