共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
不同离心速度训练对运动员肩关节伸肌群的肌力影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
周思红 《西安体育学院学报》2009,26(4)
为了研究不同离心速度训练对上肢肌肉力量的影响,通过对24名运动员肩关节伸肌群进行不同离心速度的力量训练.结果 发现离心收缩训练对改善运动员的肌肉力量有明显效果.其中3组训练前后在肌肉最大力矩、总功等方面有明显改善,特别是在以120°/s向心测试时的数据变化最显著. 相似文献
2.
在力量速度体能类竞技体育项目中,力量素质的训练水平决定了运动员在比赛中成绩的获得,力量素质特别是专项力量素质的训练水平已经成为制约我国高水平运动员竞技能力提高的瓶颈因素之一.高水平运动员力量训练要符合项目比赛的特点,肌肉收缩表现出向心、离心和等长收缩等不同形式,主要体现为全面性、多元性、相持状态下体现爆发力以及无氧代谢功能状态下发挥最大力量等特点;最大力量训练普遍采用高强度短期刺激法,避免运动员肌纤维横断面明显增粗,对提高运动员肌肉内的协调性和肌肉间的协调性有很好的效果,从而可以在肌肉体积没有明显增大的情况下提高肌肉力量,有效控制体重的增长;快速力量的训练一般采用本人最大负重40％～60％负荷进行力量训练,既能发展力量,又能兼顾速度训练,肌肉收缩的输出功率达到最大. 相似文献
3.
短跑运动员的专项力量及其训练 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用文献资料法对短跑运动员专项力量的概念、影响因素及训练进行分析探讨认为:短跑运动员的专项力量,它是通过“反射”的方式,将肌肉三种不同方式的工作紧密衔接,爆发性地完成收缩;而弹性能量利用率是影响起跳力量大小的重要因素,退让收缩时,肌肉被拉长的速度、长度及肌肉由离心收缩向向心收缩的转换速度是影响弹性能量利用率的关键。在此基础上,对短跑运动员的专项力量的训练提出合理建议。 相似文献
4.
向心结合离心等速训练后的肌力变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨训练手段对肌肉力量的影响,通过对8名运动员肱二头肌采用角速度60(°)/s进行了4周向心结合离心等速训练,结果发现测试总功、最大力矩和最大功等指标实验前后差异显著,表明训练对改善运动员的肱二头肌肌肉力量有明显的效果. 相似文献
5.
田径运动中肌肉收缩速度力量分析及其训练原理探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对田径运动中肌肉收缩速度力量分析,提出了提高运动员专项速度力量的训练原理。力量训练时,必须根据各个专项运动的肌肉收缩速度与力量特性、肌肉收缩的力学规律、肌肉不同收缩速度的神经肌肉特点等规律,对运动员采用适度提高肌肉大力量能力,以提高肌肉抗中等负荷速度力量能力和快速能力等力量训练,最终实现肌肉的最快速度收缩所产生的力量提高。 相似文献
6.
利用离心向心训练法发展投掷运动员爆发力的实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从肌肉不同收缩类型(离心收缩、向心收缩)的固有特性出发，在发展投掷运动员爆发力训练手段中，侧重安排了肌肉的离心收缩训练，经过9个月的训练实践，结果证明：这样的安排是可行的，有效的，运动员的各项素质指标及专项成绩均有显著性提高。 相似文献
7.
速滑运动员的力量骨骼肌是由许多肌纤维(即肌细胞)所组成。每条肌纤维都有具有收缩功能的肌原纤维。在肌原纤维缩短时肌肉收缩。多数情况下,伴随肌肉收缩出现肌肉紧张状态。肌肉紧张程度是随负荷加大而增大,在肌肉达到最紧张的程度时可以判断肌肉活力的大小。有规律的训练可使肌肉力量得到提高。腿部肌肉力量的增长使运动员获得了更大的蹬冰力量和速度。因此、在滑跑中合理分配力量并使力量得到不断提高,是改善功能水平、提高成绩的重要因素。肌肉力量的大小是由多种因素决定的,主要有:肌肉横断面的大小、神经支配能力的强弱和肌肉用力的条件。因此,教练员在给自己的运动员下达提高力量性 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
起跳过程肌肉工作特点之探讨 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
王宝成 《西安体育学院学报》1987,(1)
<正> 前言研究运动效应、分析运动技术、进行科学训练,必须了解相应专项动作的肌肉工作特点。跑、跳过程中下肢肌肉的工作特点,有其自身的客观规律。运动员和教练员应该了解下肢肌肉工作的客观规律,以有助于理解和完善运动技术。这对于有目的,有针对性地选择训练手段,科学地指导训练实践,有重要作用。目前,跳跃运动员的力量训练,基本上源于传统的举重运动员的力量训练。力量训练中的抗阻练习,大多在静位状态下,在垂直面内完成,忽视了肌肉在练习中的收缩方式与比赛中收缩方式的不一致性,忽视了肌 相似文献
11.
Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the hamstring muscles during six sets of submaximal isokinetic (2.6 rad x s(-1)) eccentric (11 men, 9 women) or concentric (6 men, 4 women) contractions. The EMG per unit torque increased during eccentric (P < 0.01) but not during concentric exercise. Similarly, the median frequency increased during eccentric (P < 0.01) but not during concentric exercise. The EMG per unit torque was lower for submaximal eccentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.001), and lower for submaximal concentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.01). The EMG per unit torque was lower for eccentric than concentric contractions (P < 0.05). The median frequency was higher for submaximal eccentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.001); it was similar, however, between submaximal concentric and maximum isometric contractions (P = 0.07). Eccentric exercise resulted in significant isometric strength loss (P < 0.01), pain (P < 0.01) and muscle tenderness (P < 0.05). The greatest strength loss was seen 1 day after eccentric exercise, while the most severe pain and muscle tenderness occurred 2 days after eccentric exercise. A lower EMG per unit torque is consistent with the selective recruitment of a small number of motor units during eccentric exercise. A higher median frequency during eccentric contractions may be explained by selective recruitment of fast-twitch motor units. The present results are consistent with the theory that muscle damage results from excessive stress on a small number of active fibres during eccentric contractions. 相似文献
12.
Malachy P. McHugh Declan A. J. Connolly Roger G. Eston Gilbert W. Gleim 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):163-172
Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the hamstring muscles during six sets of submaximal isokinetic (2.6 rad s -1 ) eccentric (11 men, 9 women) or concentric (6 men, 4 women) contractions. The EMG per unit torque increased during eccentric (P < 0.01) but not during concentric exercise. Similarly, the median frequency increased during eccentric (P < 0.01) but not during concentric exercise. The EMG per unit torque was lower for submaximal eccentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.001), and lower for submaximal concentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.01). The EMG per unit torque was lower for eccentric than concentric contractions (P < 0.05). The median frequency was higher for submaximal eccentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.001); it was similar, however, between submaximal concentric and maximum isometric contractions (P = 0.07). Eccentric exercise resulted in significant isometric strength loss (P < 0.01), pain (P < 0.01) and muscle tenderness (P < 0.05). The greatest strength loss was seen 1 day after eccentric exercise, while the most severe pain and muscle tenderness occurred 2 days after eccentric exercise. A lower EMG per unit torque is consistent with the selective recruitment of a small number of motor units during eccentric exercise. A higher median frequency during eccentric contractions may be explained by selective recruitment of fast-twitch motor units. The present results are consistent with the theory that muscle damage results from excessive stress on a small number of active fibres during eccentric contractions. 相似文献
13.
The repeated bout effect refers to the protective effect provided by a single bout of eccentric exercise against muscle damage from a similar subsequent bout. The aim of this study was to determine if the repeated bout was associated with an increase in motor unit activation relative to force production, an increased recruitment of slow-twitch motor units or increased motor unit synchronization. Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the hamstring muscles during two bouts of submaximal isokinetic (2.6 rad x s(-1)) eccentric (11 men, 9 women) or concentric (6 men, 4 women) contractions separated by 2 weeks. The EMG per unit torque and median frequency were analysed. The initial bout of eccentric exercise resulted in strength loss, pain and muscle tenderness, while the repeated eccentric bout resulted in a slight increase in strength, no pain and no muscle tenderness (bout x time effects, P < 0.05). Strength, pain and tenderness were unaffected by either bout of concentric exercise. The EMG per unit torque and median frequency were not different between the initial and repeated bouts of eccentric exercise. The EMG per unit torque and median frequency increased during both bouts of eccentric exercise (P < 0.01) but did not change during either concentric bout. In conclusion, there was no evidence that the repeated bout effect was due to a neural adaptation. 相似文献
14.
Róisín M. Howard Richard Conway Andrew J. Harrison 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(4):463-484
In the shot put, the athlete’s muscles are responsible for generating the impulses to move the athlete and project the shot into the air. Information on phasic muscle activity is lacking for the glide shot put event and therefore important technical information for coaches is not currently available. This study provides an electromyography (EMG) analysis of the muscle activity of the legs during shot put. Fifteen right-handed Irish national level shot putters performed six maximum effort throws using the glide shot put technique. EMG records of eight bilateral lower limb muscles (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, medial- and lateral-gastrocnemius) were obtained during trials. Analysis using smooth EMG linear envelopes revealed patterns of muscle activity across the phases of the throw and compare men and women performers. The results showed that the preferred leg rectus femoris, the preferred leg biceps femoris and the non-preferred leg biceps femoris play important roles in the glide technique, with the total duration of high volumes of activity between 34 and 53% of the throw cycle. A comprehensive understanding of movement and muscle activation patterns for coaches could be helpful to facilitate optimal technique throughout each of the key phases of the event. 相似文献
15.
采用芬兰产Mega6000肌电仪和肌电仪器自带的Megawin2.4软件系统,让实验对象在做大腿后部肌群的力量练习手段如直腿后摆拉橡皮条、俯卧屈小腿拉橡皮条、俯卧后摆腿、俯卧跪起和仰卧挺髋力量练习手段的状态下,对实验对象的臀大肌、股二头肌、半腱半膜肌、腓肠肌内侧、阔筋膜张肌、股直肌和胫骨前肌进行肌电测试,并结合高速摄影技术分析肌电特征和肌肉的工作机制。结果表明,各块肌肉在力量练习过程中放电顺序、放电强度、放电时间、肌电积分值都不相同。因此,在力量训练时,应根据动作结构、肌肉收缩方式、收缩速度和力量大小等方面进行训练,使训练手段更能符合专项运动的规律。 相似文献
16.
目的通过实验研究专项练习对肌肉力量训练的作用,为运动训练中有针对性地、合理地选择专项力量练习动作,提高专项力量训练效果提供参考。方法运用摄像和肌电图同步测试手段,对我国现役3名高水平女子铁饼运动员4个专项力量练习,参与动作的8块主要肌肉的表面肌电(sEMG)进行测试和分析。结果 4个专项练习总体上是以发展下肢的股内侧肌和股二头肌力量为主,但侧重点不完全相同。15 kg挥片转体练习对竖脊肌的作用效果较明显,30 kg杠铃抡摆练习动作对发展腹外斜肌一次性用力力量最有效。结论 5 kg壶铃轮摆转体是对肌肉作用程度及强度最强的一种练习,也是发展股二头肌力量最有效的练习。原地挥片(1.5 kg)练习对肌肉的作用程度有限。 相似文献
17.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):455-461
Abstract In this study, we wished to determine whether a warm-up exercise consisting of 100 submaximal concentric contractions would attenuate delayed-onset muscle soreness and decreases in muscle strength associated with eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Ten male students performed two bouts of an elbow flexor exercise consisting of 12 maximal eccentric contractions with a warm-up exercise for one arm (warm-up) and without warm-up for the other arm (control) in a randomized, counterbalanced order separated by 4 weeks. Muscle temperature of the biceps brachii prior to the exercise was compared between the arms, and muscle activity of the biceps brachii during the exercise was assessed by surface integral electromyogram (iEMG). Changes in visual analogue scale for muscle soreness and maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength (MVC) of the elbow flexors were assessed before, immediately after, and every 24 h for 5 days following exercise, and compared between the warm-up and control conditions by a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. The pre-exercise biceps brachii muscle temperature was significantly (P<0.01) higher for the warm-up (35.8±0.2°C) than the control condition (34.4±0.2°C), but no significant differences in iEMG and torque produced during exercise were evident between conditions. Changes in muscle soreness and MVC were not significantly different between conditions, although these variables showed significant (P<0.05) changes over time. It was concluded that the warm-up exercise was not effective in mitigating delayed-onset muscle soreness and loss of muscle strength following maximal eccentric exercise. 相似文献
18.
Sorichter S Mair J Koller A Müller E Kremser C Judmaier W Haid C Calzolari C Puschendorf B 《Journal of sports sciences》2001,19(9):687-691
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between myosin heavy chain (MHC) release as a specific marker of slow-twitch muscle fibre breakdown and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of skeletal muscle injury after eccentric exercise. The effects of a single series of 70 high-intensity eccentric contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscle group (single leg) on plasma concentrations of creatine kinase and MHC fragments were assessed in 10 young male sport education trainees before and 1 and 4 days after exercise. To visualize muscle injury, MRI of the loaded thigh was performed before and 4 days after the eccentric exercise. All participants recorded an increase (P < 0.05) in creatine kinase after exercise. In five participants, T2 signal intensity was unchanged post-exercise compared with pre-exercise and MHC plasma concentration was normal; however, they showed an increase (P < 0.05) in creatine kinase after exercise. For the remaining five participants, there was an increase in T2 signal intensity of the loaded vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis. These changes in MRI were accompanied by an increase in MHC plasma concentration (P< 0.01) as well as an increase in creatine kinase (P < 0.01). We suggest that changes in MRI T, signal intensity after muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise are closely related to damage to structurally bound contractile filaments of some muscle fibres. Additionally, MHC plasma release indicates that this damage affects not only fast-twitch fibres but also some slow-twitch fibres. 相似文献
19.
Stephan Sorichter Johannes Mair Arnold Koller Erich Muller Christian Kremser Werner Judmaier 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):687-691
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between myosin heavy chain (MHC) release as a specific marker of slow-twitch muscle fibre breakdown and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of skeletal muscle injury after eccentric exercise. The effects of a single series of 70 high-intensity eccentric contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscle group (single leg) on plasma concentrations of creatine kinase and MHC fragments were assessed in 10 young male sport education trainees before and 1 and 4 days after exercise. To visualize muscle injury, MRI of the loaded thigh was performed before and 4 days after the eccentric exercise. All participants recorded an increase ( P ? 0.05) in creatine kinase after exercise. In five participants, T2 signal intensity was unchanged post-exercise compared with pre-exercise and MHC plasma concentration was normal; however, they showed an increase ( P ? 0.05) in creatine kinase after exercise. For the remaining five participants, there was an increase in T2 signal intensity of the loaded vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis. These changes in MRI were accompanied by an increase in MHC plasma concentration ( P ? 0.01) as well as an increase in creatine kinase ( P ? 0.01). We suggest that changes in MRI T2 signal intensity after muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise are closely related to damage to structurally bound contractile filaments of some muscle fibres. Additionally, MHC plasma release indicates that this damage affects not only fast-twitch fibres but also some slow-twitch fibres. 相似文献
20.
运用表面肌电和高速摄影同步技术,结合功能解剖学,分析王北星途中滑跑单步周期腿部肌电特征,进行技术诊断。结果表明：（1）王北星左腿力量大于右腿符合速滑项目特征,但左腿支撑时重心高于右腿,说明左腿仍属弱势腿;（2）王北星胫骨前肌是踝关节运动主要用力肌肉,是单步周期主要用力肌肉之一,摆动期出现多余放电;（3）王北星蹬冰期股四头肌和股后肌群肌电振幅呈双峰现象,股内肌、股外肌、股二头肌和半腱肌是主要用力肌肉;（4）王北星左右腿蹬冰期蹬冰肌群肌肉用力方式不一致。教练组应根据王北星腿部肌电特征,有针对性的设计训练方法。 相似文献