共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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目的:探讨高、低帮篮球鞋对落地时踝关节内翻的运动学、地面反作用力及下肢主要肌群活动的影响,尝试理解高、低帮篮球鞋与踝关节落地稳定之间的关系;方法:13名受试者分别穿着高、低帮篮球鞋,手抓杠悬于空中,从40 cm高度分别垂直下落至内翻15°、内翻30°、内翻25°伴随跖屈10°(25°+10°)、内翻25°伴随跖屈20°(25°+20°)的倾斜面上,分析其踝关节运动学、地面反作用力及小腿主要外翻和背屈肌群(胫骨前肌、腓骨长肌和腓骨短肌)的肌电活动;结果:高、低帮鞋对内翻角度的变化、最大内翻角速度和地面垂直及水平冲击力没有显著影响;在15°倾斜面时,穿着高帮鞋出现预激活时间比低帮鞋晚(P<0.05),同时,在15°和25°+20°下腓骨长肌和腓骨短肌落地前50 ms的平均振幅更小(P<0.05);结论:选取的高帮鞋对踝关节的运动学和冲击力的改变不显著,但却在一定程度上影响了周围肌肉的预激活,对限制踝关节活动起到了积极的作用. 相似文献
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《西安体育学院学报》2017,(6):721-729
目的基于肌肉等长收缩原理,设计研发一款数字化等长肌肉收缩功能检测系统,并对其信度及效度进行研究,验证测试系统的信度和效度。方法 13名大学生经同一检测者2次使用等长肌力测试系统,进行最大力量测试,测试间隔时间1周,使用组内相关系数(ICC)对结果进行信度分析;采用独立样本t检验对校标后,肘、膝不同力臂位置测量值与固定载荷(小、中、大)进行效度检验。结果信度检验结果表明,除膝关节右侧伸肌第1次与第2次相关系数低于0.75,为0.695,其它相关系数均在0.75以上;效度检验结果表明,除肘关节伸肌力臂位置27 cm实测值与固定载荷150 N之间存在显著性差异外(P<0.05),肘关节屈肌力量及膝关节屈、伸肌力量力臂位置实测值与大、中、小固定载荷之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论研究设计研发的等长肌力测试系统具有较好的重测信度及效度,可实现对肘膝关节肌肉力量的精确测量,同时具有实时性的特点。 相似文献
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目的:量化快速跑过程中下肢各关节力矩和各单块肌肉(群)肌应力的变化规律及其对快速跑动作所起的作用.方法:同步采集8名优秀短跑运动员途中跑时完整步态下肢运动学数据(300 Hz)、地面反作用力(1 200 Hz)数据和肌电图(120 Hz)信号,建立下肢肌肉-骨骼系统模型,应用中尺度序列二次规划拟牛顿线性搜索算法将快速跑时关节肌力矩优化并求解单块肌肉应力.结果:最优化算法所估算的快速跑时下肢冗余肌力变化与快速跑时肌电全波整流图存在一定程度上的相似.支撑期,臀大肌、腘绳肌、比目鱼肌和腓肠肌应力水平较高.摆动前期,髂肌、股四头肌群(股直肌)、股二头肌短头和腓肠肌为主要做功肌肉.摆动后期,只有臀大肌和腘绳肌活动积极.双关节肌腘绳肌、股直肌和腓肠肌在各时期的应力值均高于其他做功肌肉,且在整个步态中的应力峰值也显著高于其他肌肉.结论:下肢双关节肌腘绳肌、股直肌和腓肠肌受两个关节复杂的交互作用导致应力值偏高,在快速跑时被拉伤风险较大.此优化算法为了解快速跑时下肢单块肌肉力量变化提供了更为精确的方法,进而为分析快速跑肌肉功能和为专项力量训练的科学化及防止肌肉拉伤提供了生物力学依据. 相似文献
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跟腱是人体中最大的肌腱，其近端是腓肠肌及比目鱼肌的肌腹，远端止于跟骨的后结节，其周围没有腱鞘，仅有疏松的网状组织，营养血管走行于其中，是使足跖屈、提踵的主要肌腱。田径运动中的短跑、跨栏、跳跃等项目对运动员跟腱有着特殊的要求，动作技术的不正确，外来力量的冲撞， 相似文献
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基于表面肌电信号高通滤波处理后对指屈肌肌力估算的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:观察对指屈肌原始肌电信号采用不同形式滤波后精确地估算指屈肌肌力的效果.方法:以18名健康受试者为研究对象,令其指屈肌进行不同形式的等长收缩,将肌肉力量大小表示为最大力量的百分比(％MVC).采用多种肌电处理方法对指屈肌的表面肌电信号进行处理.其中,采用逐渐递增的高通截止频率(20～480 Hz,每阶20 Hz,共24个)进行1阶和6阶高通滤波,经过高通滤波后的信号再进行低通滤波提取包络(1.0～4.0 Hz,每阶0.1Hz,共31个),观察不同的处理方法对基于用表面肌电信号精确估算指屈肌力量的效果.结果:数据表明,去除原始表面肌电信号功率成分的90％～95％后,使得对指屈肌肌力的估算显著增加.结论:表明肌电信号中的较窄一段高频带成分可能与力量预测有关,同时,也从指屈肌的研究角度支持了以前学者的研究. 相似文献
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采用特制的足-跖趾关节力量测试仪,对跖趾关节屈肌100%最大随意收缩力量进行了测定,并比较了16名田径运动员与16名普通大学生在该力量上的区别,为跖趾关节在下肢运动中的重要性提供依据。结果表明,跖趾关节屈肌力值约位于300~500 N之间,优势侧与非优势侧无显著性差异;该值在运动员与普通大学生之间有显著性差异,运动员是普通大学生的128%。 相似文献
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目的:分别观察运动促进的骨骼肌肥大时,比目鱼肌和腓肠肌肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)表达的变化。方法:16周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组和运动组,每组10只。跑台训练持续8周,每周5次,每次60min,跑速26m/min。测定两组大鼠肌重胫骨长的比值,HE染色观察骨骼肌纤维横截面积,分别采用real-time PCR技术和western blot方法测定比目鱼肌和腓肠肌MSTN mRNA和蛋白表达。结果:运动大鼠骨骼肌重量/胫骨长显著升高(P<0.05),两种肌纤维横截面积均增大。与对照组相比,跑台运动显著抑制了大鼠腓肠肌MSTN的mRNA和蛋白表达(P<0.05),但对比目鱼肌MSTN表达的影响无显著性。结论:运动对MSTN的作用可能存在肌纤维特异性。 相似文献
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男子跳高一二级运动员髋关节肌力特征对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用等速测力实验等研究方法，对男子跳高一二级运动员髋关节肌力进行测试分析。发现两者表现出以下肌力平衡特征：一级运动员髋关节的肌力特征与跳高起跳技术用力特点相一致，即摆动腿髋关节屈肌力显著大于起跳腿，屈肌缺失值和伸肌缺失值较大；摆动腿髋关节屈伸比大、起跳腿小。而二级运动员髋关节肌力矩未表现出此特征。 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to determine whether sprint performance is related to the mechanical (elongation - force relationship of the tendon and aponeurosis, muscle strength) and morphological (fascicle length, pennation angle, muscle thickness) properties of the quadriceps femoris and triceps surae muscle - tendon units. Two groups of sprinters (slow, n = 11; fast, n = 17) performed maximal isometric knee extension and plantar flexion contractions on a dynamometer at 11 different muscle - tendon unit lengths. Elongation of the tendon and aponeurosis of the gastrocnemius medialis and the vastus lateralis was measured using ultrasonography. We observed no significant differences in maximal joint moments at the ankle and knee joints or morphological properties of the gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis between groups (P > 0.05). The fast group exhibited greater elongation of the vastus lateralis tendon and aponeurosis at a given tendon force, and greater maximal elongation of the vastus lateralis tendon and aponeurosis during maximum voluntary contraction (P < 0.05). Furthermore, maximal elongation of the vastus lateralis tendon and aponeurosis showed a significant correlation with 100-m sprint times (r = -0.567, P = 0.003). For the elongation - force relationship at the gastrocnemius medialis tendon and aponeurosis, the two groups recorded similar values. It is suggested that the greater elongation of the vastus lateralis tendon and aponeurosis of the fast group benefits energy storage and return as well as the shortening velocity of the muscle - tendon unit. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):111-119
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in ankle joint stiffness and the associated changes in the gastrocnemius muscle and tendon due to static stretching. Seven healthy male participants lay supine with the hip and knee joints fully extended. The right ankle joint was rotated into dorsiflexion from a 30° plantar flexed position and the torque measured by a dynamometer. The ankle joint was maintained in a dorsiflexed position for 20 min (static stretching of the calf muscles). We performed surface electromyography of the medial and lateral gastrocnemii, the soleus, and the tibialis anterior of the right leg to confirm no muscle activity throughout static stretching and the passive test (passive dorsiflexion). During static stretching, the ankle joint angle and elongation of the gastrocnemius were recorded by goniometry and ultrasonography, respectively. Tendon elongation of the gastrocnemius was calculated based on the changes in the ankle joint angle and muscle elongation. In addition, the relationships between passive torques and ankle joint angles, and elongation of muscle and tendon, were examined before and after static stretching. The ankle dorsiflexion angle and tendon elongation increased significantly by 10 min after the onset of static stretching, while there was no further increase in muscle length. In addition, ankle dorsiflexion angle and tendon elongation at an identical passive torque (30 N · m) increased significantly (from 24±7° to 33±5° and from 17±2 mm to 22±1 mm, respectively) after static stretching. However, muscle elongation was unchanged. In conclusion, the current results suggest that an increase in the ankle joint dorsiflexion angle due to static stretching is attributable to a change in tendon not muscle stiffness. 相似文献
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Savvas Stafilidis 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):1035-1046
Abstract The objective of this study was to determine whether sprint performance is related to the mechanical (elongation – force relationship of the tendon and aponeurosis, muscle strength) and morphological (fascicle length, pennation angle, muscle thickness) properties of the quadriceps femoris and triceps surae muscle – tendon units. Two groups of sprinters (slow, n = 11; fast, n = 17) performed maximal isometric knee extension and plantar flexion contractions on a dynamometer at 11 different muscle – tendon unit lengths. Elongation of the tendon and aponeurosis of the gastrocnemius medialis and the vastus lateralis was measured using ultrasonography. We observed no significant differences in maximal joint moments at the ankle and knee joints or morphological properties of the gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis between groups (P > 0.05). The fast group exhibited greater elongation of the vastus lateralis tendon and aponeurosis at a given tendon force, and greater maximal elongation of the vastus lateralis tendon and aponeurosis during maximum voluntary contraction (P < 0.05). Furthermore, maximal elongation of the vastus lateralis tendon and aponeurosis showed a significant correlation with 100-m sprint times (r = ?0.567, P = 0.003). For the elongation – force relationship at the gastrocnemius medialis tendon and aponeurosis, the two groups recorded similar values. It is suggested that the greater elongation of the vastus lateralis tendon and aponeurosis of the fast group benefits energy storage and return as well as the shortening velocity of the muscle – tendon unit. 相似文献
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Keitaro Kubo Daisuke Miyazaki Toshihiro Ikebukuro Hideaki Yata Masaji Okada Naoya Tsunoda 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(8):742-748
The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare muscle and tendon stiffness under active conditions in sprinters and untrained participants. In total, 14 sprinters and 24 untrained men participated in this study. Active muscle stiffness in the medial gastrocnemius muscle was calculated based on changes in estimated muscle force and fascicle length during fast stretching after submaximal isometric contractions. Tendon stiffness was determined during isometric plantar flexion using ultrasonography. No significant differences were observed in active muscle stiffness between sprinters and untrained men at any torque levels. Furthermore, no significant difference was noted in tendon stiffness between the two groups. These results suggest that muscle and tendon mechanical properties in the plantar flexors under active conditions are similar in sprinters and untrained participants. 相似文献
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Nuno Casanova Joana F. Reis João R. Vaz Rita Machado Bruno Mendes Duane C. Button 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(1):56-63
Two experiments (n = 10) were conducted to determine the effects of roller massager (RM) on ankle plantar flexor muscle recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Experiment 1 examined both functional [i.e., ankle plantar flexion maximal isometric contraction and submaximal (30%) sustained force; ankle dorsiflexion maximal range of motion and resistance to stretch; and medial gastrocnemius pain pressure threshold] and morphological [cross-sectional area, thickness, fascicle length, and fascicle angle] variables, before and immediately, 1, 24, 48, and 72 h after an EIMD stimulus. Experiment 2 examined medial gastrocnemius deoxyhaemoglobin concentration kinetics before and 48 h after EIMD. Participants performed both experiments twice: with (RM) and without (no-roller massager; NRM) the application of a RM (6 × 45 s; 20-s rest between sets). RM intervention did not alter the functional impairment after EIMD, as well as the medial gastrocnemius morphology and oxygenation kinetics (P > 0.05). Although, an acute increase of ipsilateral (RM = + 19%, NRM = ?5%, P = 0.032) and a strong tendency for contralateral (P = 0.095) medial gastrocnemius pain pressure threshold were observed. The present results suggest that a RM has no effect on plantar flexors performance, morphology, and oxygenation recovery after EIMD, except for muscle pain pressure threshold (i.e., a soreness). 相似文献
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Steven Obst Luke Heales Zachary Hrelja Prashneveet Ishri Johanna Wesche Lee Barber 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(16):1874-1883
This study examined the effect of diamond deloading tape on medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle behaviour during exercise in healthy adults (n = 27). A randomised cross-over trial assessed the effect of tape (no-tape, sham-tape and deload-tape) on ankle and MG fascicle kinematics during three heel raise-lower exercises [double leg (DL), single leg (SL) and loaded single leg (LSL)]. There was no effect of tape on standing fascicle length (FL) or pennation angle (PA), or ankle or knee joint angle. There was a significant effect of tape on ankle kinematics for all exercises. Both the deload-tape and sham-tape resulted in less ankle plantar flexion but had no effect on dorsiflexion. There was a significant effect of tape on FL change for the SL and LSL exercise. Compared to no-tape, the deload-tape resulted in less fascicle shortening during ankle plantar flexion, and more fascicle lengthening during ankle dorsiflexion. For the LSL exercise, deload-tape caused MG fascicles to operate at longer lengths, for a given joint angle. Diamond taping, with or without added tension, has only a small effect on ankle and MG fascicle kinematics during the heel raise-lower exercise. With the exception of the LSL exercise, both tape conditions resulted in similar changes in the FL-angle relations. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to examine the effects of muscle-tendon length on joint moment and power during maximal sprint starts. Nine male sprinters performed maximal sprint starts from the blocks that were adjusted either to 40 degrees or 65 degrees to the horizontal. Ground reaction forces were recorded at 833 Hz using a force platform and kinematic data were recorded at 200 Hz with a film camera. Joint moments and powers were analysed using kinematic and kinetic data. Muscle - tendon lengths of the medial gastrocnemius, soleus, vastus medialis, rectus femoris and biceps femoris were calculated from the set position to the end of the first single leg contact. The results indicated that block velocity (the horizontal velocity of centre of mass at the end of the block phase) was greater (P < 0.01) in the 40 degrees than in the 65 degrees block angle condition (3.39 +/- 0.23 vs. 3.30 +/- 0.21 m . s(-1)). Similarly, the initial lengths of the gastrocnemius and soleus of the front leg in the block at the beginning of force production until half way through the block phase were longer (P < 0.001) in the 40 degrees than in the 65 degrees block angle condition. The initial length and the length in the middle of the block phase were also longer in the 40 degrees than in the 65 degrees block angle condition both for both the gastrocnemius (P < 0.01) and soleus (P < 0.01-0.05) of the rear leg. In contrast, the initial lengths of the rectus femoris and vastus medialis of the front leg were longer (P < 0.05) in the 65 degrees than in the 40 degrees block angle condition. All differences gradually disappeared during the later block phase. The peak ankle joint moment (P < 0.01) and power (P < 0.05) during the block phase were greater in the 40 degrees than in the 65 degrees block angle condition for the rear leg. The peak ankle joint moment during the block phase was greater (P < 0.05) in the 40 degrees block angle for the front leg, whereas the peak knee joint moment of the rear leg was greater (P < 0.01) in the 65 degrees block angle condition. The results suggest that the longer initial muscle-tendon lengths of the gastrocnemius and soleus in the block phase at the beginning of force production contribute to the greater peak ankle joint moment and power and consequently the greater block velocity during the sprint start. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2023,12(5):639-647
BackgroundDuring human locomotion, a sufficiently stiff foot allows the ankle plantar flexors to generate large propulsive powers. Increasing foot stiffness (e.g., via a carbon plate) increases the ankle's external moment arm in relation to the internal moment arm (i.e., increasing gear ratio), reduces plantar flexor muscles’ shortening velocity, and enhances muscle force production. In contrast, when activation of the foot's intrinsic muscles is impaired, there is a reduction in foot and ankle work and metatarsophalangeal joint stiffness. We speculated that the reduced capacity to actively control metatarsophalangeal joint stiffness may impair the gearing function of the foot at the ankle.MethodsWe used a tibial nerve block to examine the direct effects of the intrinsic foot muscles on ankle joint kinetics, in vivo medial gastrocnemius’ musculotendinous dynamics, and ankle gear ratio on 14 participants during maximal vertical jumping.ResultsUnder the nerve block, the internal ankle plantar flexion moment decreased (p = 0.004) alongside a reduction in external moment arm length (p = 0.021) and ankle joint gear ratio (p = 0.049) when compared to the non-blocked condition. Although medial gastrocnemius muscle–tendon unit and fascicle velocity were not different between conditions, the Achilles tendon was shorter during propulsion in the nerve block condition (p < 0.001).ConclusionIn addition to their known role of regulating the energetic function of the foot, our data indicate that the intrinsic foot muscles also act to optimize ankle joint torque production and leverage during the propulsion phase of vertical jumping. 相似文献
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通过高速摄影、表面肌电图（sEMG）测量以及等速肌力测试等方法对12名体育专业男生进行研究，获取踝关节主要屈伸肌（胫骨前肌和腓肠肌）等速肌力与sEMG之间的关系，以此说明用sEMG来直接评价肌肉用力情况时需进行标准化的必要性及最佳标准化方式。结果表明：相同肌肉收缩过程中，肌力矩值与平均振幅（MA）的变化趋势呈现高度相关，相关系数r在0.6以上；不同收缩形式、不同收缩速度下，均方根振幅（RMS）、积分肌电（iEMG）值会随着收缩速度的增加而减小；跳深动作下肢肌肉sEMG标准化后的值与跳深腾起速度之间均有一定的相关性，标准化后以最大随意等长收缩（MVIC）的标准化值与跳深腾起速度的相关性最高。 相似文献