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1.
不同等级跳远运动员起跳技术特征的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了揭示不同等级跳远运动员的起跳技术特征 ,为跳远的教学和训练提供理论依据 ,笔者通过高速摄影等方法 ,对 13名二级以上男子跳远运动员的技术数据进行解析统计处理。结果发现 ,一、二级运动员上板积极 ,起跳过程中不同运动员身体重心水平速度有较大差异 ,水平速度损失率也存在较大差异 ,垂直速度则无明显差异  相似文献   

2.
采用现场定点高速摄像及数理统计法,对男子跳远运动员起跳阶段不同时相、身体重心水平速度和垂直速度的变化与起跳缓冲、蹬伸阶段摆动腿角速度和两大腿夹角变化进行比较分析。结果表明:成绩较好者,缓冲阶段身体重心水平速度减小值略大,垂直速度的增加值则更大;离板瞬间身体重心水平速度和垂直速度都呈现出相对较大的趋势。  相似文献   

3.
本文从宏观和微观两个角度探讨了起跳速度对优秀跳远运动员成绩的影响。研究表明:跳远运动员在起跳阶段的速度损失是相对恒定的,在采用最大可控速度助跑的基础上,起跳技术训练的重点应该放在如何尽量大的提高起跳阶段的垂直速度上来,而过分强调起跳着板阶段起跳脚的“扒地”动作是不可取的。  相似文献   

4.
我国优秀男子跳远运动员起跳中不同时相速度变化特征   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用现场定点高速摄影、影片解析及数理统计等研究方法。结果表明,我国优秀男子跳远运动员起跳缓冲阶段,身体重心水平速度减小,并与垂直速度增加之间存在密切关系;蹬伸阶段身体重心水平速度略有回升,垂直速度保持增加的态势,且离板瞬间身体重心水平速度和垂直速度都呈现出相对较大的趋势。  相似文献   

5.
运用对比分析法对中外优秀男子跳远运动员起跳有关环节的运动学参数研究发现,我国优秀跳远运动员助跑绝对速度较低;在起跳过程中身体重心水平速度损失较小,从而获得的垂直分速度亦较小,腾起角度相应偏小;踏板缓冲阶段动作消极、运动员的起跳能力较差是我国跳远运动水平落后的症结所在。  相似文献   

6.
对我国优秀跳远运动员起跳技术的运动学比较研究   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
通过对我国优秀跳远运动员23人起跳技术影片的解析,并与世界优秀跳远运动员起跳有关环节运动学参数变化的对比分析发现,我国优秀跳远运动员助跑绝对速度较低,在起跳过程中身体重心水平速度损失较小,从而获得的垂直分速度亦较小,腾起角度相应偏小,运动员的起跳能力较差,在快速助跑中跳不起来。提高跳远运动员的绝对速度能力,应是我国跳远速度训练的重点;正确处理“跑得快与跳得起”的矛盾,仍是我国跳远技术训练亟待解决的课题。  相似文献   

7.
在跳远的起跳阶段,起跳脚的制动不仅可以使水平速度更好的传递,而且还可以增加起跳的效果,获得良好的垂直速度。但制动过大时间过长,则其效果便适得其反,尤其在起跳脚着板到重心移过支撑点垂直部位的前支撑阶段,制动起着非常重要的作用。优秀跳远运动员在倒数第二步的步长都大于倒数第一步的步长,  相似文献   

8.
起跳是跳远技术的关键   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
跳远运动员的最佳成绩是由下列诸因素所决定的:最快的助跑速度、积极合理的起跳、空中身体的平衡、完整的落地工作。 在以上诸因素中,对跳的远度起决定性作用的是最高速度下积极合理的起跳技术。因为当人体通过助跑起跳离地的一刹那,身体重心在空中的运行轨迹就已决定了。空中技术只是用来维持身体平衡,维持其起跳后已经决定了的身体重心的最大抛物线──而为完成完整的落地技术创造有利条件。换句话说,高速度下积极合理的上板起跳,是跳远运动员创造良好成绩的关键。 下面就跳远的关键技术,即上板与起跳方面的问题谈一点自己的看法:…  相似文献   

9.
跳远起跳最佳效果的特征主要体现在起跳的腾起水平速度(在一定腾起角度状态下),而起跳腾起的水平速度来于助跑的质量,其中主要表现在起跳前几步助跑的速度、节奏和助跑技术。通过教学实验,反映出无板助跑起跳练习对起跳前几步助跑的速度感、节奏感的效果比有板起跳练习的效果要好,这对形成起跳的最佳效果无疑是有积极的影响。从而可以加大起跳腾空阶段身体重心通过的水平距离,它对提高跳远运动成绩将起到决定性的作用。  相似文献   

10.
跳远跑跳结合的技术特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
一、“力量型”起跳与“速度型”起跳的比较 现代跳远起跳技术经历了从“力量型”到“速度型”的技术演变过程。60年代以前,以苏联为代表的“力量型”,重视力量训练,“打击式”和“制动式”起跳方式较普遍。前者踏跳很有力,但动作幅度小,上板瞬间冲撞力大,缓冲时间长,蹬伸速度慢,动作僵硬而缺乏弹性。后者起跳脚上板前伸过远(俗称“穿拖鞋”),上体后仰过大,在起跳用力过程中,身体重心前移幅度小,制动大,水平速度损失也大。上述两种起跳方式中,运动员因降低助跑速度、过分下蹲、起跳速度慢等导致跑跳之间脱节。 70年代以来,随着塑胶跑道的出现,短跑  相似文献   

11.
A plausible explanation for the ancient long jump records from Greek antiquity is sought on the basis of pictorial and written sources, and corroborated with practical tests. Ancient sources report that athletes jumped more than 15?m with weights in their hands, which enabled them to jump further than without these weights. It is proposed that the ancient Greek long jump was a continuous succession of five standing broad jumps, in which the landing phase of one jump was also the countermovement for the next jump. Four trained athletes jumped further with (14.64?±?0.76?m, range 13.64?–?15.63?m) than without weights (13.88?±?0.70?m, range 12.60?–?14.75?m; P = 0.001). These results show that this technique is executable, fits with ancient written and pictorial sources, and allows trained modern athletes to jump distances well over 15?m. The extra distance jumped when using weights may be due to changes in the position of the jumper's centre of mass at take-off and at landing, and an increase in take-off velocity stemming from several biomechanical mechanisms.  相似文献   

12.
A plausible explanation for the ancient long jump records from Greek antiquity is sought on the basis of pictorial and written sources, and corroborated with practical tests. Ancient sources report that athletes jumped more than 15 m with weights in their hands, which enabled them to jump further than without these weights. It is proposed that the ancient Greek long jump was a continuous succession of five standing broad jumps, in which the landing phase of one jump was also the countermovement for the next jump. Four trained athletes jumped further with (14.64 +/- 0.76 m, range 13.64-15.63 m) than without weights (13.88 +/- 0.70 m, range 12.60-14.75 m; P = 0.001). These results show that this technique is executable, fits with ancient written and pictorial sources, and allows trained modern athletes to jump distances well over 15 m. The extra distance jumped when using weights may be due to changes in the position of the jumper's centre of mass at take-off and at landing, and an increase in take-off velocity stemming from several biomechanical mechanisms.  相似文献   

13.
通过文献资料法、信息技术法对2016年国际钻石联赛男子跳远项目的前3名运动员助跑最后四步及步长、起跳技术进行对比分析,探讨运动员之间技术方面存在的差异。结果表明:1)2016国际田径钻石联赛上海站跳远运动员最后四步步长变化不稳定,个别运动员倒数1步步长大于倒数第2步,步长的控制没有达到理想的范围。2)相对来讲,高兴龙助跑节奏较稳定、频率快,踏板准确度高,水平速度发挥充分。3)3名运动员在起跳技术方面高兴龙的起跳技术比较稳定,其他两名运动员在落地和腾空技术上还有较大的提升空间。  相似文献   

14.
利用世界优秀运动员的跳远技术参数和跳远踏跳阶段踏跳力一时间曲线,剖析助跑速度损失量、起跳快速支撑和蹬伸在跳远起跳垂直速度的生成机制中的运动学和动力学原因,对跳远垂直速度生成提出了新的见解,并为创新跳远训练提供了一条新的思路。  相似文献   

15.
通过对部分中国优秀男子三级跳远运动员与部分外国优秀男子三级跳远运动员在三跳中起着地、离地瞬间两大腿间的夹角,支撑阶段摆动腿的摆动幅度和着地瞬间支撑腿大、小腿的角速度等反映下肢摆动动作积极程度的因素的分析对比,结合三级跳远的专项理论,得出中国优秀男子三级跳远运动员在三跳中下肢摆动动作与外国运动员的差距,并针对性地提出建议。  相似文献   

16.
采用艾立尔系统和三维DLT方法,对2003年北京中国杯世界花样滑冰大奖赛上我国运动员高松、张民以及世界优秀选手的勾手跳动作进行了跟踪定点三维测试,比较分析他们在完成同样跳跃动作时的人体重心垂直方向位移—时间与速度—时间等的相关参数,并对我国运动员提出了在缓冲阶段适当提高最低点重心的高度和在落冰阶段冰刀着冰方向趋于重心飞行位移方向的建议,为预测和展望新难度动作提供参考。  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT

Knee joint coordination during jump landing in different directions is an important consideration for injury prevention. The aim of the current study was to investigate knee and hip kinematics on the non-dominant and dominant limbs during landing. A total of 19 female volleyball athletes performed single-leg jump-landing tests in four directions; forward (0°), diagonal (30° and 60°) and lateral (90°) directions. Kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected using a 10-camera Vicon system and an AMTI force plate. Knee and hip joint angles, and knee angular velocities were calculated using a lower extremity model in Visual3D. A two factor repeated measures ANOVA was performed to explore limb dominance and jump direction. Significant differences were seen between the jump directions for; angular velocity at initial contact (p < 0.001), angular velocity at peak vertical ground reaction force (p < 0.001), and knee flexion excursion (p = 0.016). Knee coordination was observed to be poorer in the early phase of velocity-angle plot during landing in lateral direction compared to forward and diagonal directions. The non-dominant limb seemed to have better coordination than the dominant limb during multi-direction jump landing. Therefore, dominant limbs appear to be at a higher injury risk than non-dominant limbs.  相似文献   

18.
A variety of the available time to react (ATR) has been utilised to study knee biomechanics during reactive jump-landing tasks. The purpose was to quantify knee kinematics and kinetics during a jump-land-jump task of three possible directions as the ATR was reduced. Thirty-four recreational athletes performed 45 trials of a jump-land-jump task, during which the direction of the second jump (lateral, medial or vertical) was indicated before they initiated the first jump, the instant they initiated the first jump, 300 ms before landing, 150 ms before landing or at the instant of landing. Knee joint angles and moments close to the instant of landing were significantly different when the ATR was equal to or more than 300 ms before landing, but became similar when the ATR was 150 ms or 0 ms before landing. As the ATR was decreased, knee moments decreased for the medial jump direction, but increased for the lateral jump direction. When the ATR is shorter than an individual’s reaction time, the movement pattern cannot be pre-planned before landing. Knee biomechanics are dependent on the timing of the signal and the subsequent jump direction. Precise control of timing and screening athletes with low ATR are suggested.  相似文献   

19.
本文运用灰色关联分析法,对中外8名优秀男子跳远运动员跳远助跑最后10m分段速度与跳远成绩的关系进行了定量分析研究,其结果表明,第二段5m的速度与跳远成绩的关系更为密切,从而为进一步改善我国男子跳远助跑最后10m分段速度提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

20.
运用文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法,对2004-2012年间参加奥运会、世锦赛男女跳高、跳远、三级跳、撑杆跳八个单项的前三名共126名运动员的竞赛成绩及其年龄特征进行统计并对其相关性进行分析,初步探讨形成这一特征的因素,为田径体能跳跃类项目的选材与训练提供参考。研究结果显示:在这四个项目中,跳远男女运动员的年龄与竞赛成绩成正相关;三级跳和撑杆跳男女运动员的年龄与竞赛成绩成负相关;跳高项目男子运动员竞赛成绩与年龄成正相关,女子运动员成负相关。因此,运动训练中应有针对性地根据不同项目、不同性别,合理地进行运动员选材、安排训练计划与人才培养,进行符合运动员自身年龄阶段特征的训练,不断挖掘其运动潜质,提高运动员竞技成绩。  相似文献   

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