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11~12 岁肥胖儿童不同步速时足底压力分布特征及步态研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
栾天峰 《天津体育学院学报》2010,25(6):533-536
运用footscan 7.9 压力分布测试系统，对济南市文东小学10 名和山东师范大学附属小学15 名学生（年龄在11~12 岁）进行足底压力分布和
步态特征的测试。以BMI>26 为肥胖判定标准，将学生分成两组（正常组与肥胖组）进行对比分析。研究结果表明：（1）步行时儿童足跟负重比例相
对要高，而肥胖儿童随着步速的提高，足跟部压力显著增大。（2）慢速行走时候，肥胖儿童的步长显著高于正常儿童，随着步速的提高，正常儿童
的步长显著提高，而肥胖儿童的步长显著降低，慢速行走时，肥胖儿童较正常儿童采取大步慢行的方式，而快速行走时，采取小碎步的快行方式。
（3）无论是正常儿童还是肥胖儿童，随着步速的增加，步宽显著增大。 相似文献
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张少伟 《沈阳体育学院学报》2012,31(4):76-78
研究肥胖儿童正常行走时的步态特征,对了解其运动方式和肥胖引起儿童足部结构的变化特点具有重要意义。采用三维摄像,对30名7岁肥胖男童与30名正常男童行走时步态进行比较研究。结论:肥胖儿童与正常儿童相比,行走时一个步态周期时间的绝对值上显著性增大;肥胖儿童单步长、步频以及步速均低于正常儿童,而步宽值比正常儿童宽;下肢关节角度活动范围表明肥胖儿童蹬伸不充分;足步向角度,表明肥胖组为典型的外八字步态。 相似文献
3.
把湖南女子职业大学肥胖女生340人（23≤BMI≤38）分为实验组和对照组。实验组实施＂减肥运动处方＂12周,对照组不进行运动干预,只进行日常活动12周。实验前后分别测量两组6个生理指标（身高、体重、体重指数、腰围、肺活量指数、台阶实验指数）和1个心理指标（SCL-90）,并进行比较。结果表明：1）以有氧运动为主,力量练习为辅并控制饮食的减肥运动处方不但能有效地减少脂肪,适当增加瘦体重,而且心肺功能得到明显的改善,同时对促进肥胖女生塑造健美的体型有很好的作用;2）实施减肥运动处方对肥胖女生心理健康有良好的影响。 相似文献
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通过进行zebris步态测试和后足角度拍摄，采集和分析速度变化对步行和跑步时后足角度和足偏角的影响，从而科学指导广大健身爱好者进行合理的步行和跑步运动，预防运动损伤。实验结果显示：（1）相较于自身步行偏好速度，采用实验步行设定速度时左右足后足角度均显著增大，左右足足偏角均显著减小（1.33 m/s例外）；（2）实验步行设定速度之间，相较于1.33 m/s速度步行，以1.56 m/s和1.78 m/s步行时左足后足角度显著增大，以1.56 m/s步行时右足足偏角显著减小；（3）相较于自身跑步偏好速度，当以慢于自身跑步偏好速度跑步时，左右足后足角度和足偏角均无显著性差异，而当以快于自身跑步偏好速度跑步时，左右足的足偏角显著减小，后足角度无显著性差异；（4）快于自身跑步偏好速度时比慢于自身跑步速度时左右足的足偏角显著减小（以3.61 m/s跑步时比1.78 m/s跑步时左足后足角度增大）；（5）快于自身跑步偏好速度时，以3.61 m/s跑步时比2.78 m/s跑步时左右足足偏角显著减小。实验结果表明：（1）相较于其他实验设定速度，以自身偏好速度步行时，后足角度较小，足偏角较大，可以有效预防运动损伤；（2）从后足角度和足偏角考虑，当步行速度较快时，保持步长，适当减小足偏角可以减少踝关节损伤。 相似文献
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有氧运动对单纯性肥胖儿童血中瘦素、神经肽、胰岛素和肿瘤坏死因子的影响研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目的：研究有氧运动对单纯性肥胖儿童血中瘦素（Leptin）、神经肽Y（NPY）、胰岛素（Insulin）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNFα）的影响，探讨有氧运动对单纯性肥胖儿童细胞因子与内分泌代谢的调控机制。方法：随机选取24名单纯性肥胖儿童和24名同质正常儿童作实验组和对照组，比较两组血中Leptin、NPY、Insulin、TNFα含量。肥胖组进行8周有氧运动训练，比较运动前后各成分的变化。结果：与正常对照组相比，单纯性肥胖儿童血中Leptin、NPY、Insulin、TNFα的含量发生异常增高；有氧运动后各项指标显著下降。结论：有氧运动对单纯性肥胖儿童的作用与血中Leptin、NPY、Insulin、TNFα水平的变化有关，坚持有氧运动可以改善它们在单纯性肥胖儿童血液中的水平。 相似文献
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肥胖儿童运动疗法的效果观察 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为探讨健身运动对肥胖儿童身体健康的影响,为肥胖儿童健身运动处方的制定与实施提供理论与实践依据。随机选择20名肥胖儿童进行为期12周的综合运动训练,测试运动前后的身体形态及机能的多项指标,并与随机选择的20名肥胖儿童(未接受运动处方)的相应指标进行比较,结果表明接受训练的肥胖儿童的各项身体指标变化与未接受训练的肥胖儿童的各指标变化的比较,具有显著或非常显著的差异,运动效果显著。运动能有效地降低体脂,增加瘦体重,改善儿童心肺功能和身体素质。 相似文献
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目的:评估微伏级T波电交替是否可作为制定肥胖儿童运动强度的可靠指标.方法:实验分为两组:肥胖组28人,正常对照组36人,实验前分别测定空腹血糖、血脂,并测量血压和身高、体重等指标,然后采用Bruce方案行平板运动试验,并进行MTWA测定.结果:肥胖组儿童和正常组比较血压和血糖无差异,但其血胆固醇高丁正常组儿童,高密度脂蛋白则低于正常组(5.32±0.23 vs4.28±0.34;1.02±0.12 vs 1.23±0.25),其MTWA发生率(63％vs25％)和发生时的心率(58％极量心率vs 79％极量心率)有显著差异.结论:肥胖儿童在较低心率时就有可能发生MTWA变化,在制定运动方案时需强调个体化,避免引起运动性风险. 相似文献
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根据运动处方的原理对33名肥胖儿童开具减肥运动处方并进行实验研究,研究结果表明通过针对肥胖儿个体开具减肥运动处方,按照处方进行锻炼对控制肥胖儿童的体重有显著性效果,并可以显著地提高肥胖儿童的身体素质。 相似文献
10.
本研究旨在探讨舞狮运动对提高身体机能能力的影响,进一步丰富和完善舞狮运动的理论依据,本研究对16名舞狮男学生（实验组,训练周期3个月）、16名普通体育男学生（对照组）进行了对比实验：实验组进行舞狮规定套路的训练,对照组进行常规的体育课;在实验开始和结束时,分别测试两组的心肺功能、速度、力量、耐力等身体机能指标并进行比较。研究结果表明：舞狮组学生的肺活量以及速度、爆发力和下肢力量明显优于普通体育大学生。本研究认为舞狮运动可有效的增强身体机能和心肺功能,是一种极具表演性的健身活动。 相似文献
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目的:研究30-50岁男女超重人群每周减脂0.5㎏、采用不同走跑方式运动的减肥运动处方。方法:32名受试按年龄和性别分组,分别采用慢跑、快走、走跑交替的方式运动,每次运动的能耗为500kcal,采用气体代谢的方法进行能量消耗测定,同步记录运动强度和运动量参数。结果:1、如果采用走跑交替的方式运动,30-40岁(41-50岁)男女每次运动的时间分别为53min、58min(60、72),距离为6210m、6063m(6808、7201),总步数为7417步、8189步(8235、9764);若以慢跑方式运动,则30-40岁男女每次运动的时间分别为43min、50min,距离为5903m、5899m,总步数为6798步、7875步;如果以快走的方式运动,则41-50岁男女每次运动时间分别为73min、87min,距离为7472m、7457m,总步数为9180步、11580步。2、步频、每分能耗与脂肪供能比例呈负相关,运动时间与脂肪供能比例、步频与每分能耗呈正相关。3、不同性别、不同走跑方式下的每分能耗不同,减肥人群可据此安排自己个性化的减肥运动处方。结论:本研究制定了30-50岁超重男女的走跑减肥运动处方,并能依照个体情况制定个性化的减肥运动方案。 相似文献
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Abstract Two studies determined the effects of responding to questions on heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and time to voluntary exhaustion on a graded treadmill walking/running test in naive college students. The first study used 16 (8 female and 8 male) volunteers; each subject was tested both without talking and while responding to 3 questions during each exercise stage. The second study had independent groups (n = 10 females each): (1) no talking during the early exercise stages (two walking stages), but answering questions during the later (running) stages until exhaustion, and (2) answering questions during the walking stages, but not talking during the running stages. Differences between groups (.10 level) were determined by two-way ANOVA (talking/no talking; gender) and t test for independent groups, respectively. There were no gender/treatment interactions. Exercise tolerance, HR, and RPE were generally not affected by the tester asking subjects questions about subjects' physical activity habits, with the following exceptions: the first study found a lower HR response to light work when the subjects were responding to questions. In the second study, the subjects perceived the work to be harder with no talking during the second (walking) stage, and while talking during the third (running) stage. For subjects unaccustomed to exercise testing and not well known to the tester, it appears that the best test results occur when the tester talks to the subject during early stages of exercise, but not during moderate and heavy work. 相似文献
13.
The aim of the present study was to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) directly during uphill walking exercise and to compare these values with those achieved during running and cycling exercise. Forty untrained students (20 males and 20 females) took part in three exercise tests. The running test was performed on a horizontal treadmill and the speed was gradually increased by 0.3 m . s(-1) every 3 min. The walking test was conducted on a treadmill inclined at 12% (speed of 1.8 m . s(-1)). The load was further increased every 3 min by the addition of a mass of one-twentieth of the body mass of the participant (plastic containers filled with water and added to a backpack carried by the participant). During the bicycle ergometry test, the workload was increased by 20 W every 2 min. All tests were performed until volitional exhaustion. During all tests, oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, tidal volume, respiratory frequency, heart rate, hydrogen ion concentration, base excess, and blood lactate concentration were analysed. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the weighted walking test and the commonly applied running and bicycle ergometry tests indicate a strong association with the new test in evaluating maximal oxygen uptake. The negligible differences in VO2max between the three tests for the male participants (running: 61.0 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1); walking: 60.4 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1); cycling: 60.2 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1)), and the fact that the females achieved better results on the walking test than the cycle ergometer test (running: 45.0 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1); walking: 42.6 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1); cycling: 40.1 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1)), confirm the suitability of the new method for evaluating aerobic power. The weighted walking test could be useful in the assessment of aerobic power in individuals for whom running is not advised or is difficult. In addition, the new test allows for determination of VO2max on small treadmills with a limited speed regulator, such as those found in specialist physiotherapy and fitness centres. 相似文献
14.
运动干预对肥胖老年女性身体形态和血脂的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对肥胖老年女性进行中小强度有氧运动干预,按照锻炼者的年龄、锻炼经历、个人兴趣选择快走、慢跑、交谊舞和腰鼓等健身项目,每周至少运动4～5次,每次运动持续1h以上。结果显示:经过6个月的运动干预,肥胖老年女性体重、腰臀比、体脂率、安静心率均有非常显著性下降;收缩压明显下降而舒张压略有下降,无显著性意义。血脂测试结果表明:运动干预对肥胖老年女性空腹总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均有明显改善作用。体育健身活动不仅能有效改善肥胖老年女性的身体形态,对改善脂类代谢和提高健康水平也具有明显促进作用。 相似文献
15.
Abstract Inertial sensors may provide the opportunity for broader and more cost effective gait analysis; however some questions remain over their potential use in this capacity. The aim of the study was to determine whether an inertial sensor could discriminate between normal walking, fast walking, and running. A single group crossover design was used to compare acceleration profiles between three gait conditions: normal walking, fast walking, and running. An inertial sensor was placed on the sacrum of 12 participants (6 male, 6 female) who performed 3 trials of each gait condition on both overground and treadmill settings. A significant difference (P < 0.001) in the occurrence of heel strike in the gait cycle was found between running and both walking conditions. No differences were seen between overground and treadmill in any condition or variable. The results indicate that a single sacral mounted inertial sensor can differentiate running from normal walking and fast walking using temporal gait event measures. This study indicates that inertial sensors can differentiate walking from running gait in healthy individuals which may have potential for application in the quantification of physical activity in the health and exercise industry. 相似文献
16.
目的:研究走、跑模式下健康成年男子单位时间单位体重的能量消耗与运动速度的相关关系以及单位距离单位体重的能量消耗与运动速度的相关关系;探讨相同速度走、跑两种不同的运动模式下能量消耗特征;方法:19名男性大学生作为研究对象。使用跑台控制速度,采用走、跑两种运动模式,每一速度至少测试6min,以速度递增的方式进行测试,走、跑模式转换时休息至安静状态。使用VO2000测试安静以及运动中的气体代谢参数,PO-LAR表测试心率;结果:建立走模式以及跑模式下的能量消耗与速度之间的拟合方程;单位时间单位体重的能耗与走速二次曲线拟合方程的复相关系数r2=0.88;单位时间单位体重的能耗与跑速线性拟合方程的复相关系数r2=0.72;两条拟合曲线的交点坐标为(2.35m/s,141.7cal/kg/min);在测试速度范围之内,同等速度下走与跑的单位时间的能耗具有显著性差异(P<0.01),跑的能耗显著大于走的能耗。单位距离单位体重的能耗与走速的2次拟合曲线的复相关系数r2=0.98,曲线最低点的坐标为(1.14m/s,0.553cal/kg/m),单位距离单位体重的平均能耗与跑速拟合曲线的复相关系数r2=0.68;结论:1)单位时间单位体重的能耗与走速呈二次曲线关系,单位时间单位体重的能耗与跑速呈线性递增关系;2)单位距离单位体重的能耗与走速呈"U"型曲线关系;单位距离单位体重的能耗与跑速呈线性递减趋势,说明在一定速度范围内随着跑速的增加单位距离单位体重的能耗降低。 相似文献
17.
F L Goss R J Robertson R J Spina T E Auble D A Cassinelli R M Silberman R W Galbreath K F Metz 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1989,60(4):369-372
Rhythmic pumping of light hand-held weights while walking or running has become a popular approach to total body aerobic exercise. The use of handweights (HW) in conjunction with walking and running significantly increases the energy requirement of a given locomotor speed and adds variety to the choice of modes when prescribing exercise regimens (Auble, Schwartz, & Robertson, 1987; Francis & Hoobler, 1986; Graves, Pollock, Montain, Jackson, & O'Keefe, 1987). Handweighted exercise can also be conveniently and accurately prescribed for use with other exercise modalities such as bench stepping (Goss, et al., 1987). Stepping up and down on a bench at varying frequencies while pumping handweights is a low-impact, space efficient form of total body aerobic exercise. However, little is known about the energy cost of this unique exercise modality. Such information is important if handweighted exercise is to be used in conjunction with bench stepping when prescribing both therapeutic and recreational training regimens. The purpose of this investigation, therefore, was to evaluate the energy cost associated with combined bench stepping and rhythmic pumping of light handheld weights. 相似文献
18.
4周有氧运动对肥胖儿童少年动脉粥样硬化致病相关因子的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:观察4周有氧运动对肥胖儿童少年运动减肥后体脂率、胰岛素、血脂、血管慢性炎症因子等动脉粥样硬化致病相关因子的影响。方法:以参加2011年上海巅峰运动减肥夏令营的30名肥胖儿童少年为研究对象,进行4周中小强度有氧运动为主结合适当饮食控制的减肥运动训练。分别于运动减肥的前一天和最后一天测试受试对象身高、体重、体脂率等身体形态指标及血液指标。结果:运动后肥胖儿童少年体脂率显著下降,空腹血清胰岛素、血脂水平与运动前相比均有明显改善,血清脂蛋白酯酶水平明显升高,脂酰辅酶A胆固醇酰基转移酶-2、肿瘤坏死因子-α、血管内皮细胞生长因子水平显著降低。结论:4周有氧运动可以明显降低肥胖儿童少年的肥胖程度、胰岛素水平,明显改善胰岛素敏感性和血脂代谢,一定程度上抑制血管内皮功能障碍及炎性病变,对预防肥胖青少年成年后发生动脉粥样硬化具有积极的作用。 相似文献