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1.
振动负荷辅助举重训练对优秀女子举重运动员影响的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:配合奥运科技攻关冬训备战任务(即提高优秀女子举重运动员腿部力量以及躯干支撑能力).方法:采用自制振动台对6名国家队优秀女子举重运动员实施振动负荷辅助训练,通过机体运动能力(即后深蹲、预蹲和膝、髋关节等速肌力矩)、身体形态指标测试记录并进行分析讨论.结果:优秀女子举重运动员通过振动负荷辅助训练后后深蹲和预蹲单位体重增加7%以上,膝、髋关节单位体重肌力矩增加10%～16%左右.身体形态指标显示出体重变化在1 kg之内,体脂没有变化,局部围度变化在1 cm左右,3项形态指标变化在正常范围,对比赛和训练没有影响.振动负荷是交变负荷的一种,振动负荷从属于交变负荷.研究认为,中等强度的振动负荷辅助训练可以提高局部关节周围肌腱及深层次肌肉功能,导致关节以及肌肉力量和张力发展平衡,提高了相对较弱肌群力量水平,促进机体整体机能提高.振动负荷对身体形态影响的机制探讨中得出低频振动,提高肌肉的新陈代谢能力,促进血液循环.结论:优秀女子举重运动员通过振动负荷辅助训练后,身体局部及整体肌群协调性得到提高,腿部肌群力量有明显突破,躯干支撑能力明显加大.振动负荷辅助训练前后,实验对象的身体形态变化不大,不会影响比赛和训练.振动负荷辅助训练使得训练有素的机体整体能力突破的可能机制为振动刺激对机体中、深层次肌群产生由小到大的交变刺激效应,以及振动显著减少了流体的内摩擦系数,增加了其流动性. 相似文献
2.
探讨运动表象时训练不同大脑活动强度对老年人肌肉力量增长的效应。将26名健康老年人(平均年龄:74±8.3,7名女性)随机分为3组:低强度身体训练(30%最大自主收缩)结合高强度大脑活动组(HME组),低强度身体训练结合低强度大脑活动组(LME组),无训练控制组(CTL组),整个训练持续12周(10 min/天,5天/周)。在训练前后分别测试研究参与者右肘屈肌的肌肉力量、表面肌电图(EMG)以及运动相关的皮层电位(MRCP)。训练结束后,HME组的力量显著性增加(13.8%,P=0.002),而LME组的肌肉力量只增长5.0%(P=0.045),控制组的肌肉力量没有显著性改变;只有HME组的MRCP出现显著性增加(28.6%,P<0.005),但LME组(-2.9%,P=0.803)和CTL组(4.9%,P=0.539)均无显著性改变。因此,研究者认为与肌肉最大自主收缩相关的大脑活动强度在老年人肌肉力量的增长中起到关键的作用。 相似文献
3.
运用表面肌电遥测和高速摄影同步测试方法,结合功能解剖学知识,对于静实地滑冰和陆地模拟滑冰动作结构和肌电特征对比分析,探讨两者差异。结果显示:陆地模拟滑冰单步周期各动作阶段用时明显长于实地滑冰;实地滑冰和陆地模拟滑冰单步周期技术动作构成不一致;两者单步周期各阶段腿部肌肉放电强度存在差异,从单步周期总体来看,实地滑冰腿部各肌肉放电强度明显强于陆地模拟滑冰;实地滑冰腿部各肌肉最大用力程度均大于陆地模拟滑冰,主要用力肌肉股四头肌和股后肌群尤为明显。表明:陆上模拟滑冰作为陆上训练期保持滑跑感觉、体验滑跑技术细节和模拟滑冰全过程力量训练的方式不合理,长期坚持练习对改进滑冰技术动作细节有负面影响。 相似文献
4.
《上海体育学院学报》2000,24(3):88-88
1 超负荷原则 :超负荷就是用最大负荷进行训练 ,采用超负荷能迫使肌肉进行最大收缩 ,因而刺激人体产生一系列的生理适应性变化 ,导致肌肉力量增长 ,较小的负荷只能使肌肉保持原有力量水平。2 渐增阻力原则 :在力量训练过程中 ,肌肉由于超负荷训练导致力量增长 ,原来的超负荷变成了低负荷。因此 ,力量训练必须循序渐进 ,经常不断地增加阻力和重复次数 ,使肌肉经常在超负荷的条件下训练 ,不断产生新的生理适应。3 力量练习安排原则 :力量训练中 ,要使大肌群先于小肌群受到训练 ,其原因是小肌群比大肌群易出现疲劳 ,为了保证大肌群的超负荷 ,… 相似文献
5.
研究的目的是探讨全身振动训练对老年人下肢肌肉力量的改善效应.24名年龄≥65岁的健康老年人分为实验组和对照组参与研究.实验组采用全身振动训练与阻力训练相结合的方式,振动频率为25hz,振幅在5mm,对照组采用常规阻力训练方式.训练时间为每周3次,每次持续时间30分钟以上.结果表明:全身振动训练与老年人的自身阻力练习相结合,对老年人的下肢膝关节伸肌群、踝关节屈伸肌群的肌肉力量具有明显的促进作用. 相似文献
6.
运用表面肌电和高速摄影同步技术,结合功能解剖学,分析短距离运动员直道滑冰单步周期腿部肌电特征。结果：（1）左腿振幅峰值前4的肌肉依次是股内肌、股外肌、胫骨前肌和腓肠肌,右腿振幅峰值前4的肌肉依次是股内肌、胫骨前肌、股外肌和腓肠肌,左、右腿振幅峰值最小的都是臀大肌;（2）单步周期腿部肌肉有效放电时间最长的都是胫骨前肌,最短的都是臀大肌;（3）单步周期腿部肌肉贡献度最大的肌肉依次是股内肌、胫骨前肌和股外肌。结论：（1）单步周期腿部肌肉振幅峰值都出现在蹬冰期,股四头肌和股后肌群在重心转移和蹬冰2个阶段都出现近似的振幅峰值,两者处于共激活状态,因此在训练实践中也要同步发展股后肌群力量;（2）单步周期中,股内肌、胫骨前肌和股外肌在腿部肌肉中有效放电时间最长、做功
最大,在完成单步周期动作时作用最大,臀大肌有效放电时间最短,做功最小,在完成单步周期动作时作用最小,但在训练实践中,胫骨前肌的作用被
低估,臀大肌的作用被高估;（3）运动员左、右腿单步周期动作模式一致,但摆动期左腿更主动,蹬冰期腿部肌肉的具体协调模式不同,在实践训练中设计练习方式时要注意左、右腿的差异。 相似文献
7.
针对基层田径业余训练中使用辅训器材拖重物抗阻跑对场地的破坏和尘灰对环境污染的现象,通过6个月的试验,证明采用抗阻伞抗阻跑对增强运动员腿部肌肉力量、增大步幅、提高400m成绩效果显著. 相似文献
8.
目的：探讨、分析12周血流限制训练对体操专项女大学生下肢最大力量、力量耐力以及膝关节等速肌力的影响，并对比血流限制训练与传统抗阻训练效果的异同。方法：招募体操专项女大学生24名，随机分成加压组(BFRT组)和常规组，每组12人，在实验前、后均进行统一测试，测试内容包括：等速肌力指标、最大力量指标、力量耐力指标，每次测试人员与仪器均相同。结果：12周实验干预后，BFRT组深蹲1RM实验前后增值为3.17,增长率为4.47%,干预效果比传统抗阻训练好；从横向比较深蹲60%1RM次数组间数据来看，实验后两组实验对象具有显著性差异(0.010.5)。结合变化率与t检验结果发现血流限制训练对屈肌的促进效果优于伸肌相对峰力矩。结论：血流限制训练可以提升体操运动员下肢力量素质，主要体现在最大力量、力量耐力等方面，同时能提升体操运动员单关节等速膝伸展、屈曲的肌肉力量，对加强膝关节的稳定性效果尤为显著。低强度血流限制训练与传统高强度抗阻训练相比，其训练效果略显优势，尤其... 相似文献
9.
目的:通过对温州大学体育教育专业艺术体操专选学生上肢进行局部振动刺激力量训练,探讨局部振动刺激对上肢肌肉力量训练效果的影响.方法:实验对象为温州大学体育教育专业艺术体操专选学生20名,随机分为实验组和对照组.两组学生共接受8周系统力量训练,每周3次,每次以最大力量的75%、80%、85%、90%、85%、80%、75%的负荷做12、10、8、6、8、10、12次,时间间隔为2.5~3min,振动训练组在接受上述训练的同时附加40~45Hz的局部振动刺激.实验前后一周内用CYBEX6000对肘关节屈伸肌群的一般力量、快速力量、平均功率和加速时间等指标进行测试.结果:局部振动刺激组肘关节屈伸肌肌群的一般、快速力量、爆发力和平均功率的增大幅度明显大于普通力量训练组,但对肌肉耐力提高不明显.结论:局部振动刺激力量训练法能够有效地增强肌肉力量训练的效果. 相似文献
10.
肌肉减少症又称肌少症(sarcopenia),是一种近来备受关注的老年综合征,泛指随着年龄的增长,人体出现肌量减少和肌力下降等改变。肌少症的特点是骨骼肌肌量减低并且肌肉内脂肪堆积,导致肌肉力量减低和肌肉功能下降,进而导致躯体残疾、生活质量降低,甚至死亡等。抗阻运动或称力量训练(strength training),是指肌肉主动收缩对抗阻力的一种运动形式,在通常情况下,这种运动的负荷远高于肌肉在有氧状态下的能力,具有强度大、持续时间短、力竭性等特征。肌肉是产生人体自主运动的动力源泉,而肌肉运动,特别是抗阻运动可使肌肉产生很多生理生化的变化。文章回顾了近年来不同学者和临床工作者针对抗阻运动改善肌肉减少症的数据,论述了抗阻运动防治肌肉减少症的机理,强调了抗阻运动和有针对性的营养调理对肌肉减少症的有效改善,对未来肌少症的治疗研究提供更清晰的方向。 相似文献
11.
为了充分证实不同的力量练习计划对老年人体质健康影响的效果,通过对比高速率的变阻训练(HV)、由慢到快速率的等阻训练(CT)以及高速率的变阻练习与身体功能练习相结合(CB)的3种不同的短期力量练习计划对老年人的肌肉功能和身体活动能力的影响进行了实证性研究。研究结果显示:与控制组(CO)相比,HV组、CT组以及CB组的肌肉力量都有显著性的提高,而CO的力量呈轻微的下降趋势;每周两次的HV练习在提高力量和爆发性身体功能时,要优于CT和CB组;与HV和CT组相比,CB组对增加老年人的力量也是有效的,这个结果对于那些不愿意或不能频繁参加力量练习的老年人是一个重要提示。 相似文献
12.
老年人健身模式中力量训练的必要性与可行性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
力量训练是老年人体育健身的重要问题,分析了力量锻炼对老年人健康的影响以及老年人加强力量素质的意义,阐述了不同肌肉力量指标对老年人健康生活的作用,揭示了肌肉离心收缩在老年人力量锻炼中的优越性,旨在为老年人体育健身提供可借鉴的理论依据。 相似文献
13.
近年来,核心力量训练在体能训练中引起了很多人的关注,但是关于网球运动员核心力量训练的研究在国内学术界仍是一个新的研究课题.文章采用综述的形式参阅了大量的文献,对核心肌肉及核心力量的概念进行探究,通过分析网球技术动作中肌肉的利用,阐明了核心力量对网球运动的重要性,从而帮助人们更好地认识核心力量训练. 相似文献
14.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(1):112-125
Abstract Poor muscle strength and physical function have been associated with higher risk of hospitalisation and lower well-being among the elderly. Physical training increases muscle strength, endurance and physical function as well as psychological outcomes. Exercise among older adults is often used to improve these variables, but few have compared the effects of different types of training in parallel independent groups. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of three different types of training on body composition, muscle strength, physical function and well-being in the elderly. A total of 118 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 74.3, s=4.6 years, 68% women) completed a 13-week randomised controlled exercise-trial involving four groups: traditional strength training (STG), functional strength training (FTG), endurance training (ETG) and control (CON). Stair climb with load improved more in FTG than CON (P<0.05), and the two strength groups performed better in the functional upper body test (P<0.05). STG increased strength more than CON in all exercises (P<0.001), while FTG increased strength more than CON in the chest press, shoulder press and knee extension (P<0.05). Lean body mass (LBM) increased in all training groups, which differed significantly from CON (P<0.05). ETG decreased their fat mass compared to CON (P<0.001). The only significant effect on well-being indices was improved life satisfaction in FTG at week 5 (P<0.05). We also observed significant correlations between change in some of the functional tests and change in positive affect. All three types of training can enhance physical capacity. Functional strength training can be a cost effective form of training in terms of less demand for instructors and equipment and could be an effective way to improve physical function, strength and indices of well-being in the elderly. 相似文献
15.
Mikkola J Vesterinen V Taipale R Capostagno B Häkkinen K Nummela A 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(13):1359-1371
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of heavy resistance, explosive resistance, and muscle endurance training on neuromuscular, endurance, and high-intensity running performance in recreational endurance runners. Twenty-seven male runners were divided into one of three groups: heavy resistance, explosive resistance or muscle endurance training. After 6 weeks of preparatory training, the groups underwent an 8-week resistance training programme as a supplement to endurance training. Before and after the 8-week training period, maximal strength (one-repetition maximum), electromyographic activity of the leg extensors, countermovement jump height, maximal speed in the maximal anaerobic running test, maximal endurance performance, maximal oxygen uptake ([V·]O(?max)), and running economy were assessed. Maximal strength improved in the heavy (P = 0.034, effect size ES = 0.38) and explosive resistance training groups (P = 0.003, ES = 0.67) with increases in leg muscle activation (heavy: P = 0.032, ES = 0.38; explosive: P = 0.002, ES = 0.77). Only the heavy resistance training group improved maximal running speed in the maximal anaerobic running test (P = 0.012, ES = 0.52) and jump height (P = 0.006, ES = 0.59). Maximal endurance running performance was improved in all groups (heavy: P = 0.005, ES = 0.56; explosive: P = 0.034, ES = 0.39; muscle endurance: P = 0.001, ES = 0.94), with small though not statistically significant improvements in [V·]O(?max) (heavy: ES = 0.08; explosive: ES = 0.29; muscle endurance: ES = 0.65) and running economy (ES in all groups < 0.08). All three modes of strength training used concurrently with endurance training were effective in improving treadmill running endurance performance. However, both heavy and explosive strength training were beneficial in improving neuromuscular characteristics, and heavy resistance training in particular contributed to improvements in high-intensity running characteristics. Thus, endurance runners should include heavy resistance training in their training programmes to enhance endurance performance, such as improving sprinting ability at the end of a race. 相似文献
16.
Junghoon Lee 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2022,11(2):194-201
Background:One of the most life-threatening comorbidities in elderly cancer patients is cancer cachexia,which is characterized by the ongoing loss of skeletal muscular strength and mass and is also associated with aging.There is a lack of recommendations for optimal resistance training(RT) for those patients.The purpose of this study was to systematically review and quantify the effects of RT on muscular strength and hypertrophy in elderly cancer patients.Methods: Five electronic databases were searched(until January 2020) for studies that met the following criteria:(i) cancer patients aged>60 years;(ii) structured and supervised RT intervention for>6 weeks;and(iii) measured muscular strength and/or hypertrophy.Results:Thirteen studies(717 participants,average age=66 years) met the inclusion criteria.RT significantly increased muscular strength(mean effect size=0.87,95% confidence interval(95%CI):0.43-1.32,p <0.001) and did not significantly induce muscle hypertrophy(mean effect size=0.09,95%CI:-0.14 to 0.31,p=0.45).In subgroup analyses for muscle strength,higher weekly frequency was significantly associated with larger effect size.Egger’ s test showed no significant publication bias for the 2 outcomes.Conclusion:The results suggest that RT improves muscular strength but does not significantly induce muscle hypertrophy in elderly cancer patients. 相似文献
17.
Prof. Dr. U. Granacher 《Sportwissenschaft》2012,42(1):17-29
Background and aims
Over the last few decades, demographic change has affected the German population in terms of a decreasing proportion of young people and an increasing proportion of elderly people. Both age groups have deficits in motor performance in common, either due to maturation and secular declines (children and adolescents) or due to biologic aging (seniors). As a consequence, deficits in postural control and muscle strength can be observed in children, adolescents, and seniors. Given these functional limitations, it is not surprising that risk of falling and, thus, medical care is particularly high in these age groups. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to investigate whether resistance or balance training have an effect on intrinsic fall risk factors (i.e., deficits in balance and strength) in children, adolescents, and seniors.Methods
Healthy prepubertal, adolescent, and elderly subjects participated in a series of longitudinal studies. Muscle strength of the lower extremities was assessed by means of an isokinetic device and/or force plates. Postural control was determined during quiet and perturbed stance on a balance platform, during unperturbed multitask walking on a pressure sensitive walkway, as well as during perturbed walking on a treadmill. In addition, activity of lower extremity muscles was recorded.Results
Balance training significantly improved postural sway, the ability to compensate for stance and gait perturbations, and strength performance of the lower extremities in adolescents, and seniors, however not in prepubertal children. Resistance training significantly enhanced strength performance, but not performance in biomechanic tests assessing postural control in adolescents and seniors.Conclusion
The investigated effects of balance and resistance training on postural control and strength together with data from epidemiologic studies imply that the combination of balance and resistance training is best suited for fall prevention, because it effectively counteracts a large number of intrinsic fall risk factors. 相似文献18.
该研究对40名自愿参与的男性大学生施加8周的功能性力量和传统力量训练，以期通过基于下肢运动生物力学、FMS和运动能力测试，探究功能性力量与传统力量的训练效果，进而为大学生进行功能性和传统力量训练提供理论依据与参考建议。研究分为实验组和对照组，对实验组进行了8周的功能性力量训练，对照组进行了8周的传统抗阻力量训练，并在训练前后分别进行了下肢内外翻力矩、FMS和运动能力测试。研究结论：（1）持续8周的功能性力量训练可以显著提高大学生的功能动作质量（FMS），但与传统力量训练相比，并没有对功能动作质量的提高带来更显著的效果；然而对下肢运动生物力学的影响要显著优于传统力量训练。（2）持续8周的功能性力量训练与传统力量训练相比，更能提高大学生的速度能力、协调能力以及灵敏素质，然而其对下肢的弹跳能力的影响却远不如传统力量训练，弹跳能力仍需要进行大的抗阻力量训练才能得到显著提高。（3）功能性力量训练不能替代传统力量训练对于肌肉的力量、爆发力以及平衡能力的影响，因此，在力量训练时，应当考虑传统抗阻力量训练和功能性力量训练对运动能力的不同影响，有选择地进行训练。 相似文献
19.
采用文献法、测试法、数理统计等方法，以武汉市十三个行政区内528名以太极拳为主要体育健身方式的老年人为样本，以马步蹲起、弓箭步蹲起、肘撑侧桥、肘撑侧桥举腿等与日常生活活动相关联的四个基础动作为测试内容。研究表明，受试人群普遍存在下肢与躯干的功能性力量不足、左右侧肌肉链力量不均衡的问题。虽然样本人群经常进行以太极拳为主要形式的体育锻炼，但在锻炼过程中侧重于套路技能的演练，对功能性力量训练的认识不足及缺乏相应的训练方法，存在科学性盲区，需要引起重视。 相似文献
20.
浅析赛艇运动员的专项力量训练 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
赛艇运动员的专项力量即为:赛艇运动员在完成划浆技术动作过程中,神经肌肉克服内外阻力的活动能力,由此可知,专项力量训练对赛艇运动的重要性.它是影响赛艇运动成绩的基本因素.所以,专项力量的训练,受到国内外教练的普遍重视.虽然他们的训练方法各有不同,但其训练原理是一致的.即发展肌肉克服外界对船的阻力而产生的能力. 相似文献