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《中国体育(中英文版)》2005,(11)
┌────┬────┐ ┌─┐ │舅 │l巍馨瓤.│ │蕊│ │幸后 │颧共 │ └─┘ │摧撰 │ │ └────┴────┘ ┌───┐┌───┬─────┐ │杯竺! ││露 │省 │ │截呀} │┌────┐│嗯盛 │ │ │矍 ││…颤黝 ││么映吵│ │ │ │└────┘│片考 │ ┌───┤ │ ││理邃 │ │「,. │ │ ││月澎旦│ ├───┤ │ ││.尸拓 │ │ │ │ ││匕‘日│ │ │ │ │└───┴─┴───┘ └───┘It's a small world~~… 相似文献
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The objectives were to compare the metabolic load elicited by Zumba® classes and DVD workouts and link the physiological responses to participants’ psychological characteristics. Fifteen women (25.4 ± 4.3 years old; 164.9 ± 5.1 cm; 56.9 ± 5.8 kg; 23.9 ± 4.9% body fat) performed three Zumba® classes and three Zumba® DVD workouts using a repeated measure design. Energy expenditure was assessed by extrapolating oxygen cost from heart rate (HR) using regressions from a preliminary incremental running test. Differences between Zumba® classes and Zumba® DVD workouts were assessed by Student’s T tests and repeated measures analysis of variance and correlations between physiological and psychological variables by the Pearson’s coefficient. Results showed that Zumba® classes allowed greater energy expenditure compared to Zumba® DVD workouts (6.8 ± 0.9 vs 5.6 ± 0.9 kcal · min?1, 95% confidence interval (CI) limits: 0.3–2.1, P = 0.016), with significant differences in the time spent with a HR above 85% of HR reserve (14.7 vs 1.7%, 95% CI: 5.6–20.4, P = 0.021). Furthermore, women with a greater autonomy score showed a smaller difference between DVD and class (r = 0.511, P = 0.048), while greater differences were shown in women with greater interpersonal skills (r = ?0.563, P = 0.028). The results suggest that while both types of workouts are suitable to maintain fitness Zumba® classes allow greater energy expenditure. 相似文献
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Sven Junghagen 《Soccer & Society》2018,19(4):612-629
Swedish football is an industry not yet being as commercial as the big leagues and is regulated in terms of ownership of clubs. This implies a need for management of stakeholder relations for a Swedish football club. This paper identifies important stakeholders in Swedish football and discusses the multitude of – sometimes conflicting – objectives in managing these relations. The empirical base of the study is founded in a case study of Malmö FF, one of the dominant clubs in Sweden, with a qualitative single case research approach. Data are collected by means of semi-structured interviews and participant observations. The results of the study show a number of tensions as paradoxes for stakeholder management, suggest management dispositions to reconcile these paradoxes and suggest areas for further research. 相似文献
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This study assesses the longitudinal changes in anthropometric and motor parameters of ski jumpers. Male ski jumpers (n = 329) at various competitive levels participated in this study. These competitors were divided into two groups by age (18 years and younger, and over 18 years), and then divided into seven even intervals within those groups. Basic anthropometric parameters, maximal relative isometric knee extensor force, reaction time, knee extension time, and vertical jump height were measured. The conditions, instruments, and systems of measurement were consistent throughout the study. A reduced body mass index (BMI) in the adult jumpers was significant (P < .01) in the first three (1982–1993) and in the last three (1998–2010) intervals. Adults had an increase of maximal relative isometric knee extensor force (P < .01) in the last three intervals (1998–2010). They had greater maximal relative isometric knee extensor force (with exception of the first interval, 1982–1985) and vertical jump height than younger competitors (P < .01). Both young and adult jumpers exhibited the increase of strength and power in the lower limbs and a decrease in BMI during the whole observed period. 相似文献
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Boulom Sengkham 《体育健康知识画刊》2011,(10):110-111
本期学生来稿的稿件是由来自法国巴黎东部马恩河谷大学(Paris-Est Mame La Vallee)的学生Boulom Sengkham提供,介绍的是"申"社团,这究竟是个什么样的组织?且看下文。 相似文献
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The purpose of this paper was to gain insight into how coaches problematized their coaching practices and the process in which they engaged to become what they perceived to be better coaches using a course based on critical reflective practice. We assumed that constant critical self-reflection would enable coaches to move closer to their individual idea of a ‘good coach.’ Scholars and coaches collaborated to develop course content. The course was built on principles of rational-emotive education. We drew on Foucault's conceptualization of self-constitution or modes of subjectivation and confessional practice and Knaus' approach to teaching for our analytical framework. Thirty-five coaches participated in this study. The data consisted of semistructured interviews, field notes, open-ended questionnaires and focus group. The results are presented per mode of change or transformation. We explored how coaches wanted to transform their coaching practice (ethical substance), how they defined a good coach (mode of subjection), how they worked on change (ethical work) and how they transformed themselves (telos). To gain further insight into this process, we also examined narratives of three coaches as they described why and how they changed. The practice of critical reflection seemed to meet the needs of the coaches involved in the study. They used it to continually examine their behavior and their normalized taken-for-granted beliefs and to transform themselves in the direction of their idea of a ‘good coach.’ Ontological reflection was seen as a tool and a process that requires continual practice. 相似文献
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Fabio Augusto Barbieri Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi Paulo Roberto Pereira Santiago Sergio Augusto Cunha 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(13):1411-1419
The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of the asymmetries in the dominant and non-dominant limbs when kicking stationary and rolling balls. Ten experienced Brazilian amateur futsal players participated in this study. Each participant performed kicks under two conditions (stationary ball vs. rolling ball) with the dominant and non-dominant limbs (five kicks per condition per limb). We analysed the kicking accuracy, ball and foot velocities, angular joint displacement and velocity. The asymmetry between the dominant and non-dominant limbs was analysed by symmetry index and two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results did not reveal any interaction between the condition and limb for ball velocity, foot velocity and accuracy. However, kicking with the dominant limb in both kicks showed higher ball velocity (stationary ball: dominant – 24.27 ± 2.21 m · s?1 and non-dominant – 21.62 ± 2.26 m · s?1; rolling ball: dominant – 23.88 ± 2.71 m · s?1 and non-dominant – 21.42 ± 2.25 m · s?1), foot velocity (stationary ball: dominant – 17.61 ± 1.87 m · s?1 and non-dominant – 15.58 ± 2.69 m · s?1; rolling ball: dominant – 17.25 ± 2.26 m · s?1 and non-dominant – 14.77 ± 2.35 m · s?1) and accuracy (stationary ball: dominant – 1.17 ± 0.84 m and non-dominant – 1.56 ± 1.30 m; rolling ball: dominant – 1.31 ± 0.91 m and non-dominant – 1.97 ± 1.44 m). In addition, the angular joint adjustments were dependent on the limb in both kicks (the kicks with non-dominant limb showed lower hip external rotation than the kicks with the dominant limb), indicating that the hip joint is important in kick performance. In conclusion, the kicks with the non-dominant limb showed different angular adjustments in comparison to kicks with the dominant limb. In addition, kicking a rolling ball with the non-dominant limb showed higher asymmetry for accuracy, indicating that complex kicks are more asymmetric. 相似文献
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Johanna S. Rosén Anton Arndt Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey Barry S. Mason Michael J. Hutchinson Olga Tarassova 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(17):1942-1950
ABSTRACTPara Va’a is a new Paralympic sport in which athletes with trunk and/or leg impairment compete over 200 m. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of impairment on kinematic and kinetic variables during Va’a ergometer paddling. Ten able-bodied and 44 Para Va’a athletes with impairments affecting: trunk and legs (TL), legs bilaterally (BL) or leg unilaterally (UL) participated. Differences in stroke frequency, mean paddling force, and joint angles and correlation of the joint angles with paddling force were examined. Able-bodied demonstrated significantly greater paddling force as well as knee and ankle flexion ranges of movement (ROM) on the top hand paddling side compared to TL, BL and UL. Able-bodied, BL and UL demonstrated greater paddling force and trunk flexion compared to TL, and UL demonstrated larger bottom hand paddling side knee and ankle flexion ROM compared to BL. Significant positive correlations were observed for both male and female athletes between paddling force and all trunk flexion angles and ROM in the trunk and pelvis rotation and bottom hand paddling side hip, knee and ankle flexion. The results of this study are important for creating an evidence-based classification system for Para Va’a. 相似文献
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Natalie Lander Philip J. Morgan Jo Salmon Lisa M. Barnett 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2016,20(1):50-62
Fundamental movement skills (FMS) competence is low in adolescent girls. An assessment tool for teachers is needed to monitor FMS in this demographic. The present study explored whether the Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA) is feasible for use by physical education (PE) teachers of Australian Year 7 girls in a school setting. Surveys, focus group interviews, and direct observation of 18 specialist PE teachers investigated teachers’ perceptions of this tool. Results indicated that the CAMSA was usable in a real-world school setting and was considered a promising means to assess FMS in Year 7 girls. However, future iterations may require minor logistical alterations and further training for teachers on how to utilize the assessment data to enhance teaching practice. These considerations could be used to improve future design, application, and training of the CAMSA in school-based PE. 相似文献
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Load carriage (LC) exercise in physically demanding occupations is typically characterised by periods of low-intensity steady-state exercise and short duration, high-intensity exercise while carrying an external mass in a backpack; this form of exercise is also known as LC exercise. This induces inspiratory muscle fatigue and reduces whole-body performance. Accordingly we investigated the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT, 50% maximal inspiratory muscle pressure (PImax) twice daily for six week) upon running time-trial performance with thoracic LC. Nineteen healthy males formed a pressure threshold IMT (n?=?10) or placebo control group (PLA; n?=?9) and performed 60?min LC exercise (6.5?km?h–1) followed by a 2.4?km running time trial (LCTT) either side of a double-blind six week intervention. Prior to the intervention, PImax was reduced relative to baseline, post-LC and post-LCTT in both groups (pooled data: 13?±?7% and 16?±?8%, respectively, p?PImax increased +31% (p?TT (+18%, p?PImax at each time point was unchanged (13?±?11% and 17?±?9%, respectively, p?>?.05). In IMT only, heart rate and perceptual responses were reduced post-LC (p?p?相似文献
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AbstractFootball is among the world’s most popular sports. It is also one which China has sought to develop in the field of global professional sport. Nevertheless, the professionalization of football in China has not to date actually improved China’s Olympic achievement in the sport. In stark contrast to the glory of being the country that won most gold medals at the 2008 Olympics, China’s poor football performance has been troublesome for the country’s leader. In 2009, newly elected Xi Jin-Ping made a public statement about promoting elite football and expressed his personal hope that China would be capable of both qualifying for the final stages and winning the FIFA World Cup. With such concern on the part of the state leader, attention turned to football, with many private enterprises beginning to echo government policy by demonstrating a willingness to promote elite football. In addition, to accelerate football development, the Chinese Government promised to take action on the separation of government football associations. Research on this process was based on the theoretical framework of state corporatism derived from Schmitter’s work of 1974. Semi-structured interviews were conducted as the method of data collection aimed at helping us understand how Chinese Government either integrated or controlled relevant stakeholders such as NGOs and private enterprises, and further, to discuss the interactions between them. 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2015,18(4):570-582
The emotional bond between a fan and his/her favourite team is one of the most distinct attributes of spectator sport. Yet to this point, little has been done to empirically explore this unique phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to create and validate an emotional attachment to a sport team scale. Guided by attachment theory and following a well-established scale development framework, a two-factor, seven-item scale was found to be a valid and reliable instrument. The two distinct factors termed Investment (cognitive feelings put into the team) and Dividend (affective feelings derived from the team) represent a unique contribution to the field of sport management. In addition, a construct validity test provided quantitative verification of an apparent hierarchy of the emotional attachment dimensions where those with higher Investment scores appear to place a higher (somewhat irrational) value on team success compared to those with higher Dividend scores. 相似文献
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Tina Winter Heidrun Beck Achim Walther Hans Zwipp Susanne Rein 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(8):831-840
The influence of a 12-week-proprioceptive training on functional ankle stability was investigated in young speed skaters. Twenty-eight speed skaters were randomly divided into an intervention (n = 14) and into a control group (n = 14). A 15-min circle training was performed 5 times per week over a 12-week period. Measurements were taken prior to the training, after 6 and 12 weeks of training. Kinaesthesia was evaluated with the Isomed2000 in all movements of the ankle joint. Dynamic balance was tested with the Biodex Stability System at the stable level 8 and at the unstable level 2, measuring the overall stability index, the anterior/posterior and the medial/lateral scores. Static single-leg stance was evaluated using the Kistler force platform. Kinaesthesia of the intervention group improved significantly for plantarflexion of the right foot (P = 0.001) after 12 weeks. Dynamic balance showed significant differences in the intervention group after 12 weeks in comparison with the first measurement for each foot in the overall stability index, the anterior/posterior and the medial/lateral scores (P ≤ 0.017, respectively) at the unstable level 2. Functional ankle stability improved in terms of dynamic balance after 12 weeks of proprioceptive training. Therefore, inclusion of proprioceptive exercises in the daily training programme is recommended for young speed skaters. 相似文献
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In recent years studies have shown that sport can serve as a means towards conflict resolution. Since the time of British colonialism in the 1950s, and after its 1960 independence, Cyprus has experienced conflict between its two main communities – the Greek Cypriots and the Turkish Cypriots. The de facto division of the island in 1974 caused community isolation of the Turkish Cypriots who, for political reasons, have been excluded from participating in international sports competitions. This situation is more visible in football (soccer), the most popular sport on the island. In the last two years the two sides have been trying – so far unsuccessfully – to reinstate the Turkish Cypriots as members of the Official Cyprus Football Federation. This paper gives a background on what has preceded these attempts and discusses whether football is a means of reuniting the two communities, or whether it is used as a vehicle to further separation. 相似文献
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脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)] 在结构上类似低密度脂蛋白(LDL) 。血清中Lp(a) 浓度基本上受遗传决定,但有种族差异。Lp(a) 与心血管疾病之间联系有明显的独立性。冠心病是世界许多发达国家中引起死亡的主要因素,运动是预防冠心病的重要手段之一。因此近年来人们开始注意各种运动训练对Lp(a) 浓度的影响,以期探讨运动防治冠心病之机理。结果表明,长期耐力训练可轻度升高Lp(a) 浓度。初步推测,这种运动可能较有利于运动引起的血管微小创伤的修复,与其他血浆脂蛋白的变化一起对防治冠心病(CHD) 有积极作用。急性大强度运动后,可使受试者血Lp(a)浓度下降,表现出组织损伤之应激反应。 相似文献