共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
目的：总结和借鉴优秀运动员的技术特点,应用BioRow赛艇技术测试分析系统对里约奥运会奖牌获得者段静莉划桨技术动作特征进行分析,提供相应技术参数供参考。方法：通过实船测试获得段静莉各个划桨阶段的技术参数,从桨叶控制技术、划桨风格和艇速及艇加速度三方面对段静莉的划桨技术特征进行分析总结。结论：(1)段静莉的拉桨阶段的桨叶控制有待提高,特别是桨叶入水打滑角度和桨叶出水打滑角度均偏大,桨叶入水深,不利于拉桨后期做功效率;(2)段静莉回桨阶段桨叶控制技术良好,桨叶轨迹稳定性较良好,桨叶高度适中;(3)段静莉的划桨风格属于“卢森博格”的中发力模式;(4)艇速及艇加速度是评价运动员划桨技术简单直接有效的方式。 相似文献
2.
选取湖北赛艇队男子公开级3名运动员作为研究对象,利用奥地利WEBA sport公司的Rower Expert Light 赛艇实船测试系统对三名男子公开级赛艇选手进行单人双桨实船划桨测试.测试发现:随着桨频的增加,拉桨时间、推桨时间、单次划桨时间以及推拉比都在减小,而推拉比的减少意味着推桨所需时间减少得更快.拉桨的力量并没有明显增加,被测试的3名运动员都是左手拉力大于右手拉力.拉桨最大力产生时桨叶的位置会逐渐靠近运动员身后,相应的最大力产生的时间会提前.运动员左右手拉力的不平衡以及最大力产生的位置不一致都会影响到赛艇的航向.转桨角的变化幅度不大,但在四种桨频下,3名运动员的入水角都大于出水角.3名运动员的左转桨角比右转桨角大,意味着3名运动员左手桨叶的划幅比右桨大. 相似文献
3.
目的：分析第32届夏季奥运会男子赛艇公开级双人双桨奖牌获得者张亮/刘治宇组合（以下简称“张/刘组合”）拉桨动作的关键技术特征,为我国男子赛艇项目技术再突破提出建议。方法：采用Powerline赛艇实船生物力学测试系统对张/刘组合备战第32届夏季奥运会周期中的10次模拟测试赛的拉桨动作进行跟踪采集及数据分析。结果：1）张/刘组合整体的左、右桨拉桨功率无显著差异,左、右桨拉桨时间、拉桨节奏、入水打滑、出水打滑、入水角和桨幅存在显著差异;2）领桨手张亮的桨幅、有效桨幅、出水角、拉桨时间及拉桨节奏显著大于跟桨手刘治宇,入水角显著小于跟桨手刘治宇;3）桨幅、有效桨幅、入水角、拉桨时间、拉桨节奏及回桨时间与拉桨功率呈高度相关性,其中拉桨时间与入水角呈显著负相关。结论：1）张/刘组合整体的左桨拉桨动作幅度和速度大于右桨,左、右桨拉桨动作幅度和速度存在不一致现象,与国外优秀多人艇相关研究结果一致;2）张/刘组合拉桨入水打滑幅度超出合理范围（<6°）,影响有效拉桨幅度并降低拉桨功率;3）领桨手张亮拉桨幅度较大,跟桨手刘治宇拉桨节奏较快,跟桨手应适当加大有效桨幅;4）拉桨时间和入水角是影响拉桨功率的... 相似文献
4.
采用SIMI MOTION运动分析系统对中外优秀500 m单人划艇运动员的划桨技术进行运动学分析.研究结果表明:中国优秀艇的划桨节奏与国外优秀艇存在非常显著性差异,我国优秀艇拉桨阶段的时间与回桨阶段的时间比例为1.4:1,而国外优秀艇的拉桨阶段的时间与回桨阶段的时间比例为2.1:1;国内优秀艇途中划阶段采用的是大划距中低桨频技术,国外优秀艇采用的是中低划距高桨频技术;500 m单人划艇项目的成绩与桨频的相关性大于划距;国内外优秀艇的桨叶入水角度和出水角度较为一致,平均入水角度在55°左右,出水角度在35°左右.建议中国优秀单人艇适当地提高桨频,减小回桨阶段时间比例,优化一桨节奏,提高每桨划船效果. 相似文献
5.
国内男子优秀皮艇运动员途中划划桨技术与效果的研究——兼谈双机同步二维摄像法和皮艇专项分析系统 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用双机同步二维摄像法对参加2005年全运会预选赛的12名男子优秀运动员在500m单人艇比赛时的途中划过程进行了现场拍摄，并且运用自行研发并与摄像方法相适应的皮艇运动专项解析软件对所拍的图像资料进行解析。运用理论和统计学方法分析了途中划的划桨技术，拟揭示国内单人皮艇500m优秀运动员途中划的技术动作的运动学特征，以期从理论和解析数据两方面探究提高途中划划桨效果的皮艇技术的改进方向。结论：双机同步二维摄像方法和专项分析系统使用效果良好；根据拉桨过程中桨获得推进力的主要来源，整个拉桨阶段可分为入水升力推进时相、阻力推进时相和出水升力推进时相；拉桨时艇速的变化特征是分析划桨效果的重要依据之一；随速度的提高，后拉划距减小；最大艇速出现时刻前移和速度下降率增大，阻力作用于艇和桨的相对时间延长；在出水升力推进时相，减小划桨的水平速度，加大垂直速度，加大出水角，将更有利于提高艇速和划桨效果。 相似文献
6.
7.
赛艇技术的生物力学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用赛艇多参数遥测分析系统和IPL型高速摄影机同步测试方法,对我国国家赛艇集训队16名高水平运动员(男10,女6)的双桨技术进行了测试研究,分析结果如下:①在三种划桨类型中,“平缓力型”的动力学效率最高。“平缓力型”意味着拉桨力平稳增长达到峰值,然后对称下降直至拉桨结束。②艇速曲线有“单峰型”和“双峰型”两种类型。“单峰型”的特点是艇速变化平稳、能量消耗较少;“双峰型”能量消耗多。出现“双峰型”的主要原因是没有“边拉边按”和运动员身体在滑轨上加速不稳。③建立了浆力有效冲量与艇平均速度、艇速波动程度关系式。④发现一些选手左右手划桨力差别较大,桨叶入水角偏小和“拉提”时拉的不够等问题。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
利用奥地利WEBA Spon公司的Rower Expert Light赛艇实船测试系统对4名女子公开级赛艇运动员进行单人双桨实船划桨测试.分析发现:随着桨频的增加,拉桨与推桨更加迅速,但推桨速度增加得更快.桨频的增加会使得拉桨速度加快但并没有伴随着拉力的显著增加,而拉力的大小对于艇速并不起决定性作用.在相同桨频下,较小... 相似文献
11.
Andrew J. Greene Michael H. Dickson Floren Colloud Richard M. Smith 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(4):302-317
The effect of anthropometric differences in shank to thigh length ratio upon timing and magnitude of joint power production during the drive phase of the rowing stroke was investigated in 14 elite male rowers. Rowers were tested on the RowPerfect ergometer which was instrumented at the handle and foot stretcher to measure force generation, and a nine segment inverse dynamics model used to calculate the rower's joint and overall power production. Rowers were divided into two groups according to relative shank thigh ratio. Time to half lumbar power generation was significantly earlier in shorter shank rowers (p = 0.028) compared to longer shank rowers, who showed no lumbar power generation during the same period of the drive phase. Rowers with a relatively shorter shank demonstrated earlier lumbar power generation during the drive phase resulting from restricted rotation of the pelvic segment requiring increased lumbar extension in these rowers. Earlier lumbar power generation and extension did not appear to directly affect performance measures of the short shank group, and so can be attributed to a technical adaptation developed to maximise rowing performance. 相似文献
12.
Elliott B Lyttle A Birkett O 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2002,1(2):123-134
The purpose of this study was to compare rowing technique on the dynamic RowPerfect ergometer with a single scull. Eight national-level rowers performed on both the RowPerfect ergometer and in a single scull over 500 m, at rates of 24, 26, and 28 strokes/minute. Blade force and oar angle (on-water) and handle force and stroke length (on the ergometer) were measured. Both force and stroke angle/length were normalised from 0 to 100 (where 100 was the peak value). Body positions of the subjects at both the catch and finish of each of these rowing strokes were also compared for each stroke rate. The coefficient of multiple determination (CMD) was used to measure the consistency of force curves over a sample of five sequential strokes for each rower. Cross-correlations were performed between the left- and right-side on-water sculling force curves and a mean of these values with the ergometer curve for each rower. Stroke angle/length, which did not vary with rate, was similar for both forms of rowing. The CMDs showed a high consistency across the normalised strokes of each subject (approximately 0.98). Cross-correlation values of 0.91, 0.92, and 0.93 were recorded between the force curves from the ergometer and on-water trials for stroke rates of 24, 26, and 28 strokes/minute, respectively. The mean trunk, thigh and lower leg angles at the catch and finish of the stroke were also similar across the stroke rates as determined by t-tests. Results indicate that technique used on the RowPerfect ergometer was similar to that for on-water sculling, thus validating its use in off-water training. 相似文献
13.
Bruce Elliott Andrew Lyttle Olivia Birkett 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):123-134
The purpose of this study was to compare rowing technique on the dynamic RowPerfect ergometer with a single scull. Eight national‐level rowers performed on both the RowPerfect ergometer and in a single scull over 500 m, at rates of 24, 26, and 28 strokes/minute. Blade force and oar angle (on‐water) and handle force and stroke length (on the ergometer) were measured. Both force and stroke angle/length were normalised from 0 to 100 (where 100 was the peak value). Body positions of the subjects at both the catch and finish of each of these rowing strokes were also compared for each stroke rate. The coefficient of multiple determination (CMD) was used to measure the consistency of force curves over a sample of five sequential strokes for each rower. Cross‐correlations were performed between the left‐ and right‐ side on‐water sculling force curves and a mean of these values with the ergometer curve for each rower. Stroke angle/length, which did not vary with rate, was similar for both forms of rowing. The CMDs showed a high consistency across the normalised strokes of each subject (≈0.98). Cross‐correlation values of 0.91, 0.92, and 0.93 were recorded between the force curves from the ergometer and on‐water trials for stroke rates of 24, 26, and 28 strokes/minute, respectively. The mean trunk, thigh and lower leg angles at the catch and finish of the stroke were also similar across the stroke rates as determined by t‐tests. Results indicate that technique used on the RowPerfect ergometer was similar to that for on‐water sculling, thus validating its use in off‐water training. 相似文献
14.
Erica M. Buckeridge Anthony M.J. Bull Alison H. McGregor 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(4):369-378
Lumbar-pelvic kinematics change in response to increasing rowing stroke rates, but little is known about the effect of incremental stroke rates on changes in joint kinetics and their implications for injury. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of incremental rowing intensities on lower limb and lumbar-pelvic kinetics. Twelve female rowers performed an incremental test on a rowing ergometer. Kinematic data of rowers’ ankle, knee, hip and lumbar-pelvic joints, as well as external forces at the handle, seat and foot-stretchers of the rowing machine were recorded. Inter-segmental moments and forces were calculated using inverse dynamics and were compared across stroke rates using repeated measures ANOVA. Rowers exhibited increases in peak ankle and L5/S1 extensor moments, reductions in peak knee moments and no change in peak hip moments, with respect to stroke rate. Large shear and compressive forces were seen at L5/S1 and increased with stroke rate (P < 0.05). This coincided with increased levels of lumbar-pelvic flexion. High levels of lumbar-pelvic loading at higher stroke rates have implications with respect to injury and indicated that technique was declining, leading to increased lumbar-pelvic flexion. Such changes are not advantageous to performance and can potentially increase the risk of developing injuries. 相似文献
15.
Males typically have greater upper body strength than do females, which is likely to impact on the rowing techniques adopted by each sex. The aim of this study was to quantify energy contributions and compare the joint power production of upper extremity joints between the sexes. Seven males and eight females performed 60 s trials at five different stroke rates. External forces were measured at the handle and stretcher, while kinematics were recorded by motion analysis. Joint moments were derived by inverse dynamic calculations, followed by the calculation of joint powers and gross mechanical energy expenditure. Male rowers expended more total external energy per stroke and made a larger percentage contribution of angular shoulder energy to their total external energy expenditure. As stroke rate increased, the contribution from elbow and angular shoulder energy contributions decreased for both males and females. Female rowers decreased their angular shoulder contribution at a slower rate than did males as stroke rate increased. The overall percentage of work done on the stretcher was higher for male rowers, and this difference further increased at higher stroke rates. The results of this study suggest that specific upper body conditioning may be particularly important for female rowers. 相似文献
16.
While numerous studies have investigated the biomechanics of able-bodied rowing, few studies have been completed with para-rowing set-ups. The purpose of this research was to provide benchmark data for handle kinetics and joint kinematics for able-bodied athletes rowing in para- rowing set-ups on an indoor ergometer. Able-bodied varsity rowers performed maximal trials in three para-rowing set-ups; Legs, Trunk and Arms (LTA), Trunk and Arms (TA) and Arms and Shoulders (AS) rowing. The handle force kinetics of the LTA stroke were comparable to the values for able-bodied literature. Lumbar flexion at the catch, extension at the finish and total range of motion were, however, greater than values in the literature for able-bodied athletes in the LTA set-up. Additionally, rowers in TA and AS set-ups utilised more extreme ranges of motion for lumbar flexion, elbow flexion and shoulder abduction than the LTA set-up. This study provides the first biomechanical values of the para-rowing strokes for researchers, coaches and athletes to use while promoting the safest training programmes possible for para-rowing. 相似文献
17.
Erica M. Buckeridge Anthony M.J. Bull Alison H. McGregor 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2014,13(1):47-61
The rowing stroke is a leg-driven action, in which forces developed by the lower limbs provide a large proportion of power delivered to the oars. In terms of both performance and injury, it is important to initiate each stroke with powerful and symmetrical loading of the foot stretchers. The aims of this study were to assess the reliability of foot force measured by footplates developed for the Concept2 indoor ergometer and to examine the magnitude and symmetry of bilateral foot forces in different groups of rowers. Five heavyweight female scullers, six heavyweight female sweep rowers, and six lightweight male (LWM) rowers performed an incremental step test on the Concept2 ergometer. Vertical, horizontal, and resultant forces were recorded bilaterally, and asymmetries were quantified using the absolute symmetry index. Foot force was measured with high consistency (coefficient of multiple determination>0.976 ± 0.010). Relative resultant, vertical, and horizontal forces were largest in LWM rowers, whilst average foot forces significantly increased across stroke rates for all three groups of rowers. Asymmetries ranged from 5.3% for average resultant force to 28.9% for timing of peak vertical force. Asymmetries were not sensitive to stroke rate or rowing group, however, large inter-subject variability in asymmetries was evident. 相似文献
18.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):263-268
Abstract The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect on rower posture of raising the stretchers. Nine male university rowers completed a single 30-s trial at each of three stretcher heights on an ergometer, at 30 strokes min?1. The first ten strokes with complete data were averaged and data for four time points during the stroke extracted: catch, mid-drive, finish, and mid-recovery. Ankle angle was shown to increase significantly at all points during the stroke (P<0.01) as the stretchers were raised. Knee angle was only significantly increased into a more extended posture at mid-drive (P<0.05) and mid-recovery (P<0.01) for the higher stretcher positions, hip angle was significantly reduced into a more flexed posture at the catch (P<0.05) and at mid-recovery (P<0.05), and the trunk was significantly extended at the catch (P<0.01), finish (P<0.01), and mid-recovery (P<0.05) as the stretchers were raised. Our results show that the increase in stretcher height caused the rower's body to rotate posteriorly in the sagittal plane. This we suggest reduced the vertical component of stretcher force, thus achieving a more mechanically effective position, which could have led to the slower rate of fatigue reported previously for the two raised stretcher positions (Caplan & Gardner, 2005). The increased flexion of the hip should not be ignored, however, as this may lead to overstretching of the hip extensors if the stretchers are raised too high. Further research is required to determine the extent to which the stretchers can be raised in on-water rowing. 相似文献
19.
Yang Liu Binghong Gao Jiru Li Zuchang Ma Yining Sun 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(2):168-179
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether changes on foot-stretcher height were associated with characteristics of better rowing performance. Ten male rowers performed a 200 m rowing trial at their racing rate at each of three foot-stretcher heights. A single scull was equipped with an accelerometer to collect boat acceleration, an impeller with embedded magnets to collect boat speed, specially designed gate sensors to collect gate force and angle, and a compact string potentiometer to collect leg drive length. All sensor signals were sampled at 50 Hz. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that raising foot-stretcher position had a significant reduction on total gate angle and leg drive length. However, a raised foot-stretcher position had a deeper negative peak of boat acceleration at the catch, a lower boat fluctuation, a faster leg drive speed, a larger gate force for the port and starboard side separately. This could be attributed to the optimisation of the magnitude and direction of the foot force with a raised foot-stretcher position. Although there was a significant negative influence of a raised foot-stretcher position on two kinematic variables, biomechanical evidence suggested that a raised foot-stretcher position could contribute to the improvement of rowing performance. 相似文献