首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
集体效能是团体对组织和实施产生一定水平的成就所需行为过程的联合能力的共同信念。集体效能对于竞技团体比赛有着特殊的作用,它对团体成员持久力、努力程度、目标设置、凝聚力等有着重要的影响和价值,培养和调节集体效能对团体比赛的成功有着重要的意义。  相似文献   

2.
本研究旨在考察体育教学中中学生的具体情境能力(自我效能感)、环境能力(能力信念)和整体能力(认知体能),对心肺功能、课堂身体活动水平和毅力/努力的预测效应。研究对象为217名中学生,每隔一天进行一堂40分钟的体育课。研究通过沿用已久的调查问卷评价学生在体育课中的自我效能感、能力信念、认知能力信念和毅力/努力,使用计步器测量课堂身体活动水平,以及采用递增速度有氧耐力跑测试其心肺功能。通过相关分析,得出能力信念与三项指标显著相关:首先,运用回归分析得出自我效能感对中学生心肺功能影响显著,此结果也反映出中学生课堂的身体活动水平。其次能力信念与中学生的毅力/努力呈显著相关。因此自我效能感是中学生心肺功能和身体活动水平的主要影响因素,而能力信念对中学生毅力/努力的作用最为显著。  相似文献   

3.
集体效能对凝聚力与比赛成绩的中介作用研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
探讨我国优秀少年篮球队集体效能是否对凝聚力和比赛成绩具有中介作用.参加2007年全国少年篮球比赛的227名运动员(男子12个队,女子9个队)接受了集体效能问卷和群体环境问卷的测试.运用Baron和Kenny(1986)线性回归分析方法对集体效能的中介作用给予检验.结果表明,运动员所知觉到的凝聚力对比赛成绩的影响显著,该影响由于集体效能的加入而变小,说明集体效能对凝聚力和比赛成绩具有中介作用.  相似文献   

4.
间歇性训练和持续性训练对大鼠腓肠肌ATP酶活性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
季丽萍  冯照军 《体育与科学》2004,25(1):64-65,72
对大强度间歇训练和持续训练大鼠腓肠肌肌球蛋白Ca2 + -ATP酶活性进行比较 ,结果显示 :1) 6周训练后 ,两训练组在安静状态下 ,腓肠肌肌球蛋白Ca2 + -ATP酶活性均显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ;2 )运动后即刻 ,与运动对照组相比 ,两组腓肠肌肌球蛋白Ca2 + -ATP酶活性显著下降 (P<0 .0 1) ;3 )在安静状态下 ,持训组肌球蛋白Ca2 + -ATP酶活性略高于间训组 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而运动后即刻间训组显著高于持训组 (P <0 .0 5 )。研究结果提示间歇训练的效果优于同等强度持续训练。  相似文献   

5.
为考察父母教养效能感团体心理辅导对提高中小学生父母教养效能感的实际效果,对23名父母教养效能感得分较低的家长开展培训。经过培训,父母在父母教养效能感总分、学习辅导效能感、行为指导与管束效能感、情感关怀效能感、社会活动指导效能感、健康安全促进效能感、情绪管理效能感、结果控制信念、掌控动机上有显著的改变。父母教养效能感团体心理干预效果良好。  相似文献   

6.
目的近些年来,加压训练因其显著的增肌效果而受到关注。但是,不同程度的血流限制对生长激素、睾酮等与增肌效果密切相关的合成类激素的影响目前还没有明确的研究结果。为此,观察了普通人在4种不同血流限制压力条件下,训练前后血清生长激素、睾酮等激素的变化,为今后进行加压训练时选择适宜压力提供实验依据。方法以10名健康成年男性为实验对象,在不同日期的同一时间点,分别在上肢0 mmHg、下肢0 mmHg(对照组),上肢100 mmHg、下肢140 mmHg(低压组),上肢140 mmHg、下肢180 mmHg(中压组),上肢180 mmHg、下肢220 mmHg(高压组)4种压力条件下,进行4组30%1RM的深蹲、屈臂、伸臂运动。每组均要求尽力完成30次(如完不成则做到力竭为止)。在运动前后测量上肢围度,并取肘静脉血测量生长激素和睾酮。而在运动后第2 min测指血血乳酸浓度,并记录主观疲劳度。结果1)3个加压组完成的总负荷均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),高压组显著低于低压组和中压组(P<0.05),而后二者之间无显著差异。2)各组间运动后血乳酸无显著差异,但3个加压组上肢放松围变化幅度和主观疲劳度均显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。其中,高压组的放松围变化显著低于低压组和中压组,高压组的主观疲劳度显著高于低压组和中压组P<0.05),而后二者之间无显著差异。3)运动后,4组的生长激素均显著增加(P<0.001)。其中,3个加压组的变化幅度显著大于对照组(P<0.05),低压组和中压组显著高于高压组(P<0.05),而低压组和中压组之间无显著性差异。4)对照组(的血睾酮)在运动前后无显著变化,而3个加压组均显著上升(P<0.05),但相互间均无显著差异。结论在以普通健康成年人为研究对象的低强度抗阻加压运动中,上肢压力为100~140 mmHg,下肢压力为140~180 mmHg的血流限制条件下,肌肉肿胀效应更加显著,生长激素、血睾酮等与增肌效果密切相关的合成类激素指标显著增加,同时疲劳感相对较小。  相似文献   

7.
运动员的运动成就动机的差异   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
用动机C量表测试了2214名男女中国运动员的运动成就动机,其中包括体育专业的学生和专业运动员.对于动机C量表5个测度(即社会认可、运动水平提高、娱乐、感性体验及努力取向)上的分数,分别做了性别×运动项目×运动水平的三因素方差分析.结果显示出以下显著差异(1)男运动员在娱乐测度、感性体验测度以及努力取向测度上的分数,高于女运动员;(2)个人项目的运动员在社会承认以及感性体验测度上的分数低于集体项目的运动员,而在运动水平提高测度上的分数高于集体项目的运动员;(3)较高运动水平的运动员在社会承认、运动水平提高以及感性体验测度上的人数,高于较低运动水平的运动员,而在娱乐和努力取向测度上的分数低于较低运动水平的运动员.  相似文献   

8.
目的:探讨高温环境不同湿度条件下一次急性大强度运动对机体应激程度的影响;方法:20名来自不同专项的(平均年龄21.7±1.13岁,平均训练年限3.9±0.87年)男性受试者随机分为暴露组和运动组,分别在33℃,相对湿度20%、40%、60%、80%环境下进行高温暴露和进行急性大强度力竭性运动.用ELISA法测定运动前、后血清催乳素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)、皮质醇(cortisol)的浓度;结果:运动后血清PRL相对湿度60%组明显高于相对湿度20%组(P<0.01),运动后血清cortisol相对湿度80%组明显高于相对湿度20%组(P<0.01),运动后血清PRL、GH和cortisol均显著性升高.暴露组除相对温度80%组暴露后血清cortisol明显低于暴露前,其他各组均无显著性差异;结论:血清PRL是高温环境下运动对机体刺激较为敏感的一个指标,它可以反映机体热应激程度的大小,血清PRL与体温呈非常显著性相关.在高温环境下随着相对湿度的增加,运动引起的神经内分泌变化呈增加趋势,相对高温环境下,不同湿度条件运动对机体的应激程度不同.  相似文献   

9.
自我效能是指:一个人通过对自己能力的评价所表达出来的成功地完成某任务以达到某一目的的期望或信念程度。自我效能感是指人们对自己实现特定领域行为目标所需能力和信心(或信念)。现简述如下几点: 1、自我效能对个体的影响自我效能对个体的影响主要包括以下几个方面:1)自我效能感影响人们的行为选择。通过对环境的选择和改善,个体能改变他们的  相似文献   

10.
以Eccles父母社会化理论为基础,对595名二至六年级的小学生进行父母影响儿童运动参与研究,以期探讨感知父母运动投入程度是否对儿童运动期望-价值信念与运动行为的影响具有中介作用。运用线性回归分析方法对儿童感知父母运动投入的中介作用给予检验。结果表明,儿童的期望-价值信念对儿童感知父母的运动投入程度影响显著;儿童感知父母的运动投入程度对儿童运动行为影响显著;能力期望对运动行为影响显著,但该影响由于儿童感知父母运动投入程度的加入而变小或变得不显著,说明感知父母运动投入程度对儿童运动期望-价值信念与运动行为具有中介作用。  相似文献   

11.
Collective efficacy is an important determinant of the motivation of individuals within groups, with increases in collective efficacy producing more effort in a task and greater persistence when faced with failure. To test hypotheses concerning the impact of collective efficacy on effort and persistence, participants (n = 22) were assigned to triads (consisting of the participant and two confederates) and performed three time trials on cycle ergometers. After trial 1, the participants were assigned to either a high or low collective efficacy condition, receiving appropriate bogus performance feedback. All groups received failure feedback after trial 2. Effort was assessed by performance time and maximum heart rate (HRmax) achieved during performance. A 2 (collective efficacy condition) x 3 (trials) analysis of variance with repeated measures on trials revealed significant interaction effects for both performance time and HRmax. Fisher's least significant difference post-hoc tests indicated that, following efficacy manipulation, groups low in collective efficacy significantly reduced both their performance time and HRmax, whereas groups high in collective efficacy maintained performance and HRmax. However, predictions concerning the impact of failure on persistence were not supported. Our results provide partial support for the role of collective efficacy in team sports.  相似文献   

12.
Collective efficacy research has begun to progress from simply trying to verify the relationship between collective efficacy and performance to examining the mechanisms through which collective efficacy impacts on performance. To test hypotheses concerning the impact of collective efficacy on group goal selection and commitment, 24 participants were assigned to triads (consisting of the participant and two confederates) and performed two time-trials on cycle ergometers. Before each trial, the participants were asked to select both a finishing time and position goal for their group and to indicate their commitment towards these goals. After trial 1, the participants were assigned to either a high or low collective efficacy condition and received appropriate bogus performance feedback. Analysis of variance and post-hoc tests revealed that participants in the low collective efficacy group significantly reduced both finishing time and group position goals from trial 1 to trial 2, whereas participants in the high collective efficacy group maintained their goals. These results provide support for Bandura's suggestions concerning the mechanisms through which collective efficacy impacts upon performance.  相似文献   

13.
Collective efficacy research has begun to progress from simply trying to verify the relationship between collective efficacy and performance to examining the mechanisms through which collective efficacy impacts on performance. To test hypotheses concerning the impact of collective efficacy on group goal selection and commitment, 24 participants were assigned to triads (consisting of the participant and two confederates) and performed two time-trials on cycle ergometers. Before each trial, the participants were asked to select both a finishing time and position goal for their group and to indicate their commitment towards these goals. After trial 1, the participants were assigned to either a high or low collective efficacy condition and received appropriate bogus performance feedback. Analysis of variance and post-hoc tests revealed that participants in the low collective efficacy group significantly reduced both finishing time and group position goals from trial 1 to trial 2, whereas participants in the high collective efficacy group maintained their goals. These results provide support for Bandura's suggestions concerning the mechanisms through which collective efficacy impacts upon performance.  相似文献   

14.
Collective efficacy can be defined as a group's shared confidence that they will successfully achieve their goal. We examined which behaviours and events are perceived as sources of collective efficacy beliefs in a volleyball context. In study 1, volleyball coaches from the highest volleyball leagues (n = 33) in Belgium indicated the most important sources of collective efficacy. This list was then adapted based on the literature and on feedback given by an expert focus group, resulting in a 40-item questionnaire. In Study 2, coaches and players from all levels of volleyball in Belgium (n = 2365) rated each of these sources on their predictive value for collective efficacy. A principal component analysis revealed that the 40 sources could be divided into eight internally consistent factors. Positive supportive communication (e.g., enthusiasm after making a point) was identified as the factor most predictive for positive collective efficacy beliefs. The factor referring to the negative emotional reactions of players (e.g., discouraging body language) was the most predictive for negative collective efficacy beliefs. These findings offer a starting point for the design of continuous measurements of collective efficacy through observation.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

We examined the influence of collective efficacy and subjective interpretations of success/failure on team causal attributions. The participants were 71 male and female high school athletes on 20 track relay teams. Before a selected competition, participants completed a collective efficacy questionnaire. Then, immediately after their race, they were administered a modified version of the revised Causal Dimension Scale-II. A multi-level framework was employed to assess collective efficacy as an individually held perception and as a shared team belief. The individual perceptions of team success/failure significantly predicted the locus of causality and stability dimensions, whereas aggregated collective efficacy emerged as a significant team level predictor of average stability. Individual perceptions of collective efficacy were significantly related to team control and this relationship was moderated by the sex of the team. The findings indicate that collective efficacy beliefs held by athletes and teams prior to a competition influence the formation of post-competition team attributions in sport.  相似文献   

16.
We examined the influence of collective efficacy and subjective interpretations of success/failure on team causal attributions. The participants were 71 male and female high school athletes on 20 track relay teams. Before a selected competition, participants completed a collective efficacy questionnaire. Then, immediately after their race, they were administered a modified version of the revised Causal Dimension Scale-II. A multi-level framework was employed to assess collective efficacy as an individually held perception and as a shared team belief. The individual perceptions of team success/failure significantly predicted the locus of causality and stability dimensions, whereas aggregated collective efficacy emerged as a significant team level predictor of average stability. Individual perceptions of collective efficacy were significantly related to team control and this relationship was moderated by the sex of the team. The findings indicate that collective efficacy beliefs held by athletes and teams prior to a competition influence the formation of post-competition team attributions in sport.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

Collective efficacy can be defined as a group's shared confidence that they will successfully achieve their goal. We examined which behaviours and events are perceived as sources of collective efficacy beliefs in a volleyball context. In Study 1, volleyball coaches from the highest volleyball leagues (n = 33) in Belgium indicated the most important sources of collective efficacy. This list was then adapted based on the literature and on feedback given by an expert focus group, resulting in a 40-item questionnaire. In Study 2, coaches and players from all levels of volleyball in Belgium (n = 2365) rated each of these sources on their predictive value for collective efficacy. A principal component analysis revealed that the 40 sources could be divided into eight internally consistent factors. Positive supportive communication (e.g. enthusiasm after making a point) was identified as the factor most predictive for positive collective efficacy beliefs. The factor referring to the negative emotional reactions of players (e.g. discouraging body language) was the most predictive for negative collective efficacy beliefs. These findings offer a starting point for the design of continuous measurements of collective efficacy through observation.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of this study was to examine how differences in children's self-efficacy, age, and gender impact motivational intentions, future self-efficacy, and attributions following perceptions of failure. Children, ages 8-14 years (N = 289), were assigned to either high or low self-efficacy groups, and measures of intended effort, persistence, choice, future self-efficacy, and attributions for failure were collected following a failure scenario. Results indicated that children with higher self-efficacy chose to participate and had higher future self-efficacy scores than those with lower self-efficacy. Higher efficacy children attributed failure to lack of effort, whereas, those with lower efficacy attributed failure to lack of ability. Age-related differences were also found with choice to participate, effort, and future self-efficacy.  相似文献   

19.
Effects of video‐feedback on improvement of the tennis service were investigated in subjects having at least 2 years of playing experience in tennis. The experiment was carried out in an indoor tennis hall under normal training conditions.

Subjects were randomly divided into three groups: a video‐feedback training (VFT) group, a traditional training (TT) group and a control group, each consisting of 22 subjects. While the subjects of the control group received no training at all, subjects in both the VFT and TT groups were trained twice weekly during 5 consecutive weeks. Each training session lasted 40 min, of which 30 min was spent on actual practice in training of the service. The remaining 10 min was spent on watching, analysing and discussing video recordings of either their own service performed during the training session (VFT group), or ground strokes and volleys of top level players (TT group). Both the VFT and TT group showed significantly greater improvements in both achievement scores and form (technique) scores than did the control group. No differences, however, could be demonstrated between the VFT and TT group, indicating that the subjects of the former group did not benefit from the video‐feedback they received.

While form scores correlated significantly (P < 0.001) with the velocity of the served ball, no such relation between form scores and spatial accuracy was apparent.  相似文献   

20.
The main aim of this study was to examine mediating effects in the relationships between cohesion, collective efficacy and performance in professional basketball teams. A secondary aim was to examine the correlates of collective efficacy in a professional sport. A total of 154 French and foreign professional players completed French or English versions of questionnaires about cohesion and collective efficacy. Two composite measures of individual performance were used (pre- and post-performance). Individual-level analyses were performed. Regression analyses supported two mediating relationships with collective efficacy as a mediator of the pre-performance - Group integration-task relationship, and Group integration-task as a mediator of the pre-performance - collective efficacy relationship. Statistical analyses indicated that neither Group integration-task nor collective efficacy was a better mediator in the relationship between pre-performance and the other group variables. Results also revealed positive relationships between three dimensions of cohesion (i.e. Individual attractions to the group-task, Group integration-task, Group integration-social) and collective efficacy. These findings suggest that in professional basketball teams, staff members should look after athletes who perform at a lower or below their usual level because their performances might lead them into a downward cohesion - collective efficacy spiral. Staff members should also develop a high quality of group functioning, both on and off the basketball court, given its relationship with collective efficacy.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号