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1.
目前我国航空工业FDI的技术溢出效应越来越显著。然而,哪些因素影响我国航空工业FDI的溢出效应,这种溢出效应是否能够提高我国航空工业企业的技术水平,如何合理引导和有效利用FDI的技术溢出效应并以此提升我国航空工业企业的创新能力,是当前我国政府和航空工业企业共同面临的现实问题。采用因子分析的方法,研究了我国航空工业FDI技术溢出效应的影响因素。研究结果表明,技术研发能力、产业集中度和开放程度是影响我国航空工业FDI技术溢出的显著性因素,技术研发能力和开放程度的提升有助于促进FDI的技术溢出,而产业集中度的提高无助于FDI的技术溢出。 相似文献
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不同来源地FDI的技术溢出效应——基于行业面板数据的实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文选取了中国35个工业行业2001-2006年的面板数据,考察了总体FDI及不同来源地FDI对我国工业部门产生的技术溢出效应差异.研究结果表明,总体FDI对内资企业存在显著的正向行业问溢出效应,其中,港澳台资本和其他外商资本均对内资企业产生了显著的正向行业问溢出效应.同时,总体FDI和港澳台资本均不存在显著的行业内溢出效应,而其他外商资本则对内资企业产生了明显的负向行业内溢出效应.当进一步考察外资来源国差异是否导致其对资源密集度不同的产业有不同影响时,发现在劳动密集型产业中,港澳台资本和其他外商资本均带来了显著的行业间溢出效应,而在技术密集型产业中,港澳台资本和其他外商资本均不存在显著的行业间溢出效应,且其他外商资本带来了显著的负向行业内溢出效应. 相似文献
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本文从知识演化的角度对技术溢出效应及其与企业自主创新的互动关系进行了深入研究。分析表明,外部技术溢出效应是组织获取技术知识最重要的渠道,通过知识的独占性、技术机会与产品市场需求等方面影响企业自主创新的动机;另外,技术溢出效应通过促进企业学习能力、知识创新能力、知识共享能力和知识整合能力的提高实现自主创新能力的形成。 相似文献
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本文从知识演化的角度对技术溢出效应及其与企业自主创新的互动关系进行了深入研究.分析表明,外部技术溢出效应是组织获取技术知识最重要的渠道,通过知识的独占性、技术机会与产品市场需求等方面影响企业自主创新的动机;另外,技术溢出效应通过促进企业学习能力、知识创新能力、知识共享能力和知识整合能力的提高实现自主创新能力的形成. 相似文献
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以FDI区域投资较为集中的福建省为研究对象,利用1999-2006年福建省26个制造业行业面板数据,从总体上估算了FDI对福建工业企业劳动生产率的影响,并进一步考察了FDI溢出效应的影响因素.实证结果表明,外商直接投资对福建制造业整体技术进步的溢出效应和影响程度是显著积极的,溢出效应受到行业的技术水平、外资战略或动机的影响. 相似文献
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选取2008—2016年中国制造业15个行业的面板数据,通过内生经济增长模型验证FDI技术溢出效应是否存在,并建立基于吸收能力的中介作用的结构方程模型,验证FDI对制造业创新能力的影响。实证研究结果显示,(1) FDI对我国制造业存在显著的正向技术溢出效应;(2) FDI技术溢出对我国制造业的创新能力产生显著的正向影响;(3)吸收能力在FDI技术溢出影响创新能力的过程中发挥着重要的中介作用。 相似文献
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知识溢出效应测度的实证研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过构建计量经济模型,分析不同影响因子间知识溢出效应的差异,测度影响因子与知识溢出效应的关联度和有效性。研究表明:在企业知识溢出与模仿结构中存在向稳定性水平收敛的格局及模仿收益递减的趋势,形成创新与模仿的螺旋式演进模式。知识溢出效应除了与交易成本、时空间距有关外,与R&D投入总量、劳动力流动性、交易运输条件、知识溢出时滞、市场机制的灵活性、厂址变迁等因素密切相关。R&D投入总量与被解释变量呈显著正相关关系;经济差距、地区或企业之间的距离与知识溢出效应显著负相关;企业知识吸收能力与知识溢出效应成正比,当企业知识存量差距等于企业知识吸收能力时,知识溢出效应最大;知识溢出时滞、知识退化率与知识溢出效应成反比,而地区或行业的销售收入及该地区或行业的流动资产、固定资产之和对知识溢出效应和劳动生产率的提高无实质性的直接影响。知识溢出时滞是由知识本身特性和知识外部性内在化程度决定的,知识外部性内在化的实施方式主要取决于产权制度的安排、政府对创新主体的保护和道德约束等诸多因素。 相似文献
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外商直接投资(FDI)通常被认为是先进技术转移和扩散的重要渠道,本文运用我国各地区的1997～2003数据分析了外商直接投资对促进我国区域创新能力的影响.结果表明FDI的流入对我国的知识溢出效应并非普遍认为的那样显著,FDI对提高区域创新能力的作用是有限的,对提高自主创新能力和增强原创性的科技能力无显著影响.因此加大国内研发投入,才是提高区域创新能力的关键. 相似文献
10.
提高能源利用技术是实现我国碳减排目标的重要途径,FDI的技术溢出效应不可忽视。以1999—2012年我国37个工业行业为样本,在STIRPAT模型的基础上构建双向固定效应面板数据模型,实证检验FDI对碳排放强度影响的直接效应和产业内技术溢出效应,并划分高耗能产业组和低耗能产业组进行比较研究。研究发现,样本期内我国工业行业碳排放强度呈逐年下降趋势,其中高耗能产业组下降幅度较为显著;FDI对碳排放强度降低产生了积极的影响;与低耗能产业组相比,高耗能产业组FDI的技术溢出效应更大;在技术溢出路径上,FDI主要是通过降低工业行业能源强度从而对碳排放强度发挥作用,但能源结构这一渠道效果并不明显。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(6):104767
Prior research has extensively studied FDI spillovers on broadly defined technological innovation but offered inconclusive evidence. Relatively little is known about how the knowledge characteristics of local technological development are shaped by FDI and the innovation context where this development takes place. We therefore study the influence of FDI presence on host country firms' technological progress with a focus on two factors: the underlying technological characteristic, complexity, which reflects the difficulties in recombining diverse knowledge combination for innovation, and an under-studied contextual contingency: the local clustering of returnees (skilled returned migrants) that creates different interactive environments for incorporating foreign knowledge. Using a unique sample of 35,376 firms over an 11-year period in China's equivalent of Silicon Valley, Zhongguancun, we reveal that FDI exerts a curvilinear spillover effect on local firms' technological complexity. Furthermore, we find returnees' clustering in related sectors heightens the effect of FDI spillovers on local technological complexity, whereas unrelated sectoral clustering flattens this U-shaped relationship, reducing FDI spillovers. We add to the debate on FDI knowledge externalities by highlighting the importance of considering knowledge characteristics and the contextual setting of returnee clustering in understanding FDI spillover effects on local technological progress. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
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人力资本吸收、外资技术扩散与中国经济增长 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
引进外资并不意味着东道国一定能够掌握内含在外资中的国外先进技术,成功掌握外资先进技术有一个消化、吸收和创新的技术扩散过程。文章在区别外资技术扩散效应与溢出效应概念的基础上,通过构建衡量外资技术扩散计量模型,从时间和空间的角度检验了以FDI为载体的技术扩散对中国区域经济增长的影响。研究发现,在改革开放以来的不同阶段,尽管外资对中国区域经济增长有明显的促进作用,但各地区并没有能够通过引进大量外资获得内含在外资中的先进技术,外资技术扩散对地区经济增长没有显著的影响。 相似文献
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PFDI技术外溢、吸收能力和人力资本关系的文献综述/P 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
外商直接投资（FDI）通常被认为是先进技术转移和扩散的重要渠道,而近年来对于FDI是否能促进国内企业的技术进步,正日益成为学者们和产业界争论的焦点。本文在回顾近年来FDI对东道国技术外溢效应研究的基础上,主要介绍吸收能力和人力资本对技术外溢效应的影响,力图对为什么FDI技术外溢效应在发展中国家是不确定的提供一个基础性的理解,并结合我国目前的研究现状对今后的研究进行了展望,指出进一步研究的方向。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(8):104837
Global productivity growth has either stagnated or declined, despite continued technological innovations with the rise of knowledge-intensive intangibles that arise from the growth of knowledge stock (R&D activities). Understanding the root causes of this paradox in the context of growing economies requires an investigation of whether local knowledge diffusion can explain firm-level productivity differences, including key constraining factors like sources of financing or corporate governance structure. Using financial data of 7970 Indian firms over a 20-year period and clustering firms across industries, we assess the impact of R&D stock that is external to the firm through estimating both within (intra) and between (inter) industry spillovers. We find that both R&D and non-R&D-performing firms benefit from ‘between industry’ spillovers. We further show that firms with better access to finance achieve higher productivity, not only through their own R&D capital stock but also via both types of industry-level knowledge spillover. We allow for the two key sources of international spillovers namely import intensity and FDI. While import-intensive firms experience lower productivity, FDI mitigates this adverse productivity effect across knowledge-intensive exporting firms. The paper concludes that financially unconstrained firms and firms with greater corporate board connectedness derive positive industry-level spillover effects, reflecting intra- and inter-industry as domestic spillover or local value-chain effect in the literature on technological innovation. 相似文献
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基于我国1981~2015年的经济数据,通过构建扩展的生产函数模型和技术溢出模型,对我国R&D支出、FDI、OFDI的产出效应和技术进步效应进行了实证分析.结果表明,R&D支出的产出效应和技术进步效应均有所减弱,其技术进步效应甚至转为负向;2003年之后,FDI渠道的国际R&D溢出对我国产出和技术进步并没有单独的正向效应,而OFDI渠道的国际R&D溢出对我国产出和技术进步始终有显著的正向效应;FDI和OFDI正向的产出效应和技术溢出效应的显现需要国内R&D的承接吸收. 相似文献
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S. Negassi 《Research Policy》2004,33(3):365-384
The scope of this paper is to report new empirical evidence on the determinants of R&D co-operation. Indeed, the literature on the capabilities of firms emphasises the role of knowledge in the performance and evolution of firms who use knowledge developed in others to build their own knowledge capital. R&D co-operation between firms is one of the many strategies by which this knowledge may be transmitted. Several theoretical models have stressed that R&D co-operation is more likely when the level of spillovers is high. While this supposition is used in many theoretical models, it has rarely been tested before. Our results do not lend strong support to this intuition. Indeed, our spillover variables (national pure spillovers, national rent spillovers and imports of machine tools), which were supposed to match the theoretical notion of spillovers used in these theoretical models have a positive but not a significant role when explaining R&D co-operation. The R&D co-operation increases with size and with R&D intensity, but not with market share. It also increases with the budget spent on paying license fees and on acquiring patents and labour from foreign firms. In this study, we also analyse the determinants of innovation. In more precise terms, we compare the effects of R&D co-operation to those played by traditional internal factors and those exerted by external, pure and rent spillovers on the innovation capacity of the firms. Our results show that the commercial success of innovations of French firms depends mainly on size, market share, R&D intensity and human capital. Inward FDI from industrialised countries exerts a positive and significant effect. The finding highlights the important role of the absorptive capacity of firms. Spillover measurements, such as the acquisition of machine tools, foreign patents, licenses, and technological opportunities have a positive impact on innovation. 相似文献
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通过回顾外资技术扩散途径和影响因素的相关理论,文章从技术扩散行为主体的角度,即技术的供给方、需求方和中间渠道三个方面分析了外资技术扩散的主要制约因素,并结合对武汉光通信产业链的分析,提出了促进外资技术扩散,加快湖北高新技术产业发展的政策建议。 相似文献
19.
Under what conditions do firms benefit from the research efforts of other organizations? 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Although R&D spillovers play a key role in the battle for technological leadership, it is unclear under what conditions firms build on and benefit from the discoveries of others. The study described here empirically examines this issue. The findings indicate that, depending on technological opportunities, firm size and competitive pressure, the net impact of R&D spillovers on productivity can be either positive or negative. Specifically, we find that although spillover effects are positively associated with the technological opportunities that a firm faces, this relationship is reversed when firm size is considered. Whilst external R&D affects large self-reliant firms negatively, its impact on the productivity of smaller firms (who usually introduce incremental innovations that are characterized by a strong reliance on external technologies) is positive, and even higher than that of their own R&D. We also demonstrate that the economic payoff for firms’ own R&D is lower when they face intense competition. In cases of low-appropriability, however, spillover effects are more positive, allowing firms to increase their performance using the inventions of others. 相似文献
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基于行业特征的外商直接投资溢出效应分析 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15
在流入中国的外商直接投资（FDI）中有近2／3左右流入制造业的情况下，本文检验了外商直接投资对中国制造业的溢出效应，比较区分了产业内和产业间的溢出效应，并对影响外商直接投资溢出效应的行业特征（如内外资企业技术水平差距、资本密集度差距和东道国国内市场竞争水平）因素进行了分析，得出当内外资企业差距较小或中等，且外资企业相应能力水平较高时，溢出效应才易于发生。 相似文献