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1.
专利联盟能否帮助联盟成员防范联盟伙伴专利诉讼？基于联盟学习、合作竞争和社会网络理论,着眼于专利联盟网络,以2006—2018年MPEGLA管理的12个专利联盟成员为样本,通过14 454组配对,采用负二项回归模型实证研究专利联盟对遭受联盟伙伴专利诉讼的影响机制,并分析探索式合作、竞争性学习、网络中心位置和技术相似性的调节作用。研究发现：专利联盟与遭受联盟伙伴专利诉讼强度呈正向关系,探索式合作、竞争性学习和网络中心位置显著削弱专利联盟与专利诉讼的关系,而技术相似性显著强化专利联盟与专利诉讼的关系。本文拓展了专利联盟对联盟伙伴互动的影响路径,对于高技术企业有效利用专利联盟并防范联盟伙伴专利诉讼具有现实指导意义。 相似文献
2.
当今世界随着科技和经济的迅速发展,各国之间的国际经济贸易交往不断扩大,经济贸易摩擦时有发生。仲裁El益成为解决现代国际商事纠纷最为重要的方式。诚然仲裁有诸多优点,地位日趋重要,但仲裁不是唯一的解决方式,诉讼的方式必不可少。因此厘清国际仲裁管辖权与国际诉讼管辖权的关系具有重要意义,能帮助当事人在订立合同之际作出合理的选择。文章将浅析国际商事仲裁管辖权和国际民事诉讼管辖权两者的联系与区别,通过比较得出二者的优点与缺点。 相似文献
3.
《Research Policy》2022,51(10):104598
The licensing of university technologies to private firms has become an important part of the technology transfer mission of many universities. An inherent challenge for the technology licensing of universities is that potential licensees find it difficult to judge the early stage technologies and their ultimate commercial value. We reason that patent litigation against universities can have unintended signaling effects about the commercial value of its technologies and results in increased licensing income for the university. We ground this hypothesis in theory integrating signaling mechanisms from patent enforcement research into theoretical models explaining university technology licensing. Within our logic, the public and costly nature of patent litigation against universities creates strong, credible signals to potential licensees about the technologies of a university even if the signal was not created for that specific purpose. We isolate the signaling mechanism that is central to our theorizing by exploring two moderation factors that reveal additional information to potential licensees, i.e. the licensing track-record of the university and whether the lawsuit involves private firms as co-defendants. We test our theory with a unique dataset of 157 US universities and the 1408 patent infringement cases in which they were involved as defendants over the period 2005–2016. Results show that defending against claims of patent infringement enhances technology licensing revenues, particularly when universities are already adept at licensing technology and when they are co-defendants with private firms. 相似文献
4.
We examine patent licensing business models of non-practicing entities that generate revenue by selling, licensing, or litigating patents. They may also pursue R&D activities, invent new technologies, or provide services to inventors or product companies. We describe their business models and patent market behavior and then compare their litigation strategies against product companies using a matched sample of highly comparable patents. The main differences among patent licensing firms stem from their technological capabilities, patent portfolio sizes, and external relationships. We find that licensing firms with technological capabilities often pursue litigation until decision and engage in forum shopping. In contrast, litigation incidence, parties involved, and outcomes are primarily determined by patent characteristics, not entity types. Licensing business models drive the acquisition of certain types of patents that influence the outcomes of the patent system. We argue that patent policy should strengthen mechanisms to discover invention quality rather than focus on the amount of litigation or types of entities. 相似文献
5.
伴随着互联网快速发展,经济全球化越来越深入我们的生产和生活。我国企业特别是一些高新技术企业以及知识产权相对集中的产业要走出去,难免会遇到专利纠纷和专利诉讼。而近年来NPE的迅速发展,无疑对经济社会产生了重要影响,引起了世界各国的关注。一些高科技公司和知名企业,已经被NPE给盯上而被迫支付高昂的专利诉讼费或者专利许可费,而一些小企业在走出去的同时也会遇到这样的问题。我国企业需要扬长避短来应对NPE的攻势,不然漫长的诉讼周期以及高昂的赔偿费用,很有可能拖垮中小企业,阻碍各产业的技术创新。本文将从NPE类型、运营模式及其带来的主要影响,并以高智公司为例研究其发展历程和讨论对国内企业可能造成的影响,以及借鉴国外和其他地区关于规制NPE的立法和实践等,从而提出建立和完善我国专利运营模式的可行性措施,对我国专利运营模式未来的发展等方面提出自己的见解。 相似文献
6.
Masayo KaniKazuyuki Motohashi 《Research Policy》2012,41(1):226-235
This paper provides an empirical analysis of the technology market for patents in Japan, by using a novel firm-level dataset that combines a Japanese Patent Office survey titled Survey of Intellectual Property Activities, the Institute of Intellectual Property patent database, and the Licensing Activity Survey conducted by the University of Tokyo. In this paper, we use a two-step model to estimate a firm's licensing propensities; the first step estimates the determinants of potential licensors (willingness to license) and the second step identifies the factors of the actual licensing out of technology (licensing propensity). We found that a significant number of patents held by firms are not licensed out, although the owners are willing to do so. Our econometric analysis reveals that a major factor behind this technology market imperfection is the potential licensors’ difficulty in finding licensing partners. 相似文献
7.
2011年公布的民事诉讼法修改草案中,增加了一条有关公益诉讼的内容,这是我国民事诉讼立法上的一大突破,引起了广泛而热烈的讨论。本文通过联系我国现实的法制状况,对提起公益诉讼的不同主体的资格进行探讨,提出一些建议。 相似文献
8.
9.
目前,代表性国家形成合诉与分诉两种诉讼制度,不同的制度对专利侵权纠纷和解的影响并不相同,因此,分别构建合诉与分诉制度下专利权人和潜在侵权人之间专利诉讼的两回合博弈模型,通过逆向归纳法,从成本-收益角度对博弈模型进行求解及分析。结果表明：潜在侵权人和解率与和解金额负相关,与专利权人胜诉后的期望收益正相关;专利权人撤诉率与和解金额以及潜在侵权人和解费用负相关,与潜在侵权人诉讼费用正相关。与此同时,在分诉博弈模型中,潜在侵权人和解率还与专利权人赔偿诉讼费用负相关,专利权人撤诉率与潜在侵权人在侵权裁判后的市场损失正相关。因此,中国应提高专利侵权损害赔偿金额、适时借鉴分诉制度,企业也应当加大创新研发投入。 相似文献
10.
《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103790
Patent scope is one of the important aspects in the debates over “patent quality.” The purported decrease in patent quality over the last decade or two has supposedly led to granting patents of increased breadth, decreased clarity, and questionable validity (in part due to over-breadth). Such patents allegedly diminish the incentives for innovation due to increased transaction costs in the market for technology, more frequent disputes and litigation, trolling behavior, and breakdowns in bargaining. This paper focuses on the patent examination process at the PTO, highlighting the relationship between patent scope and the patent examination process. We develop and validate two measurements of patent scope: independent claim length and independent claim count. These metrics—in contrast to other measurements of patent scope—can be calculated before and after examination and enable us to provide the first large-scale analysis of trends in patent scope changes during the examination process. Our results show that applications with narrower scope are associated with a higher probability of grant and a shorter and less intense examination period in comparison to applications with broader scope. Further, we find that the examination process itself tends to narrow the scope of patents relative to the scope at filing, and that the changes are more significant when the duration and intensity of examination is increased. We explain our metrics and make our data available in a public use dataset, which we hope will encourage more research in the evaluation of patent scope, patent examination, and patent quality more broadly. 相似文献
11.
以中国企业在美国市场的专利侵权诉讼风险为研究对象,将企业专利侵权纠纷划分为默认、协商、诉讼和禁止四阶段,构建了企业专利纠纷发展动态模型。通过对中国企业在美国市场专利侵权案件实证研究,证明当两家企业处于同一、相似技术领域,发生专利侵权诉讼的可能性增加;伴随企业雇员增加、模扩大,企业之间发生专利侵权诉讼的可能性也显著增加;而主要作为被告的中资企业, R&D投入增强可能提升专利侵权诉讼发生的概率。提醒企业开展专利清查和专利侵权诉讼预警的重要性。 相似文献
12.
技术事实的查明是知识产权诉讼案件中难以回避的问题,新设置的技术调查官制度为破解相关技术难题提供了保障,有助于发掘知识产权诉讼的案件真实,进而提升纠纷解决质效。在司法实践中,技术调查官制度遭遇了选任与管理不明、参与诉讼活动的程序不规范、与司法鉴定制度不协调等困境。为克服上述不足,有必要从选任标准与管理办法的构建、诉讼程序的法定和公开、从内而外协调与司法鉴定制度的关系等三个层面加以完善,充分发挥该制度在查明案件技术事实方面的积极性,以助益知识产权诉讼在科技创新领域有效发挥司法保障职能。 相似文献
13.
This study empirically tests a model of a university's selectivity and support policy orientation for technology licensing and its interaction with the external environment for entrepreneurship. Using a sample of 134 US research universities, we investigate main, two-way and three-way interaction effects for two measures of technology transfer performance—licenses with companies that subsequently go public and product royalties. Results indicate both main and moderating effects for both measures of performance. Implications for practice and policy are offered, with special attention to public universities. 相似文献
14.
《Research Policy》2021,50(10):104356
Despite the common belief that orientation asymmetry—fundamental differences in the goals and expectations between partners—constitutes a major barrier to successful collaboration, empirical evidence on how orientation asymmetry impacts university-industry collaboration is rare. We seek to understand the nature and impact of orientation asymmetry by conducting a mixed-method study of the research collaborations between a Big Pharma and its academic partners. Our interviews reveal critical asymmetries between partners, concerning not only different orientations, but also different perceptions of conflict. Building on these qualitative findings, we conduct a multi-wave, multi-source survey study to unpack the relationships between orientation asymmetry, conflict within collaboration teams, conflict perception asymmetry, and different types of collaboration success. We contribute to the literature on university-industry collaborations by providing a much-needed comparison of the perspectives from both sides of the collaboration and developing a nuanced understanding of the dynamics within collaboration project teams. We discuss the implications of our findings for researchers, managers, and policymakers. 相似文献
15.
Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others? 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The results of this study provide insight into why some universities generate more new companies to exploit their intellectual property than do others. We compare four different explanations for cross-institutional variation in new firm formation rates from university technology licensing offices (TLOs) over the 1994-1998 period—the availability of venture capital in the university area; the commercial orientation of university research and development; intellectual eminence; and university policies. The results show that intellectual eminence, and the policies of making equity investments in TLO start-ups and maintaining a low inventor’s share of royalties increase new firm formation. The paper discusses the implications of these results for university and public policy. 相似文献
16.
《Research Policy》2023,52(8):104816
Enforcing a firm's patents is crucial for defending its competitive advantage. CEOs are central for making these strategic decisions but we know little about how their individual incentives shape their decision-making. We integrate theory from outcome-based CEO compensation designs into models explaining firms' decisions to become plaintiffs in patent litigation. Based on how compensation shapes time horizons and risk-taking of CEOs, we predict that CEO compensation tied to stock increases the firm's likelihood to enforce patents, while bonuses and stock options reduce it. Further, we reason that the tenacity of patent disputes in an industry creates a boundary condition for the effects of CEO compensation because they curtail the degree of agency that CEOs have for incorporating their personal incentives when making litigation decisions for the firm. We test these hypotheses for 2302 US firms with 4420 different CEOs and 3451 patent litigation cases between 1997 and 2015 and find support for all hypotheses with the exception of the boundary condition for stocks as CEO compensation. These findings advance existing theory on firms' decision-making on patent litigation by explicating how firm and CEO incentives can diverge with direct consequences for the likelihood of litigation to occur. 相似文献
17.
The incidence of cross-licensing: A theory and new evidence on the firm and contract level determinants 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper examines the firm and contract level determinants of the incidence of cross-licensing among manufacturing firms. It develops a simple stochastic theory explaining such incidence, which implies that cross-licensing, compared with unilateral licensing, is more prevalent between large and symmetric firms under a reasonable set of assumptions. We find strong empirical support to these implications, based on a new dataset of more than 1100 licensing contracts by Japanese manufacturing firms. We also find that the incidence of cross-licensing is higher when the contract covers only patent than when it covers only know-how, consistent with the theory. The licensing probability between two firms depends primarily on the size of a potential licensor, which, according to the theory, is consistent with the fact that a licensor is larger than a licensee on the average. 相似文献
18.
Robert Wilson 《Research Policy》1977,6(2):114-126
This paper summarizes recent empirical evidence on international licensing of technology and its determinants. Two empirical questions are treated. First, does evidence support a view that international licensing is more prevalent than domestic licensing? Second, what does the evidence imply about the causes of international versus domestic differences?Aggregate licensing data support the view of greater international than domestic licensing. This evidence is not conclusive, however, because the size of a country in relation to the rest of the world has an important influence on the data.Some evidence supports an ‘expansion constraint’ view that financial and organizational constraints are greater for overseas than domestic expansion and therefore licensing tends to be more popular internationally. More extensive evidence supports an additional view of the causes of international versus domestic licensing differences. This explanation, the ‘oligopoly’ view, is that firms seek to maintain segmented geographic markets by not licensing their technology to domestic competitors. Support for the ‘oligopoly’ view comes from our previous study of US licensing, from Japanese data, and from an independent British study. An interpretation of empirical results for Japan is that in other countries, notably the US, rival firms are unwilling to license their know-how and production secrets to each other for fear of losing their market position. There is, however, a valuable pool of technology which they could license, and in fact are willing to license to firms that aren't expected to be direct competitors. These licensees tend to be in foreign countries because the rivals' possibilities for expansion there are limited. 相似文献
19.
国际水资源利用和保护争端的和平解决 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
世界上大部分国际河流和湖泊流域既存在跨国水资源利用和保护的国际合作,也存在现行和潜在的水争端,特别是雨量稀少和几个国家共同依赖单一的供水水源满足他们基本需要的地区,比如约旦河、幼发拉底河、恒河、印度河、尼罗河流域,这种争端的性质更为严重。国际水资源利用和保护争端的发生具有必然性,应当予以和平解决。和平解决国际水争端的方法主要有政治方法和法律方法两种。国际水争端适合通过政治方法解决,其中谈判与协商是首选方式,第三方介入的政治解决方法是弱方当事国和关系紧张当事国的合适选择;法律解决方法只能作为在政治方法不能解决国际水争端情况下的补充;强制性事实调查是最后的解决办法,由于涉及到国家主权,争端当事国对此方法会慎重考虑。 相似文献