共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
表型可塑性是生物变异中由环境引起的一种变异，是植物适应的一种重要方式。对沙参属这样一个形态上复杂多变，分类上很难处理的类群，研究其表型可塑性不仅为探讨性状变异、判断其系统学意义及选择可靠的分类性状提供了有益的资料，而且有助于揭示沙参属植物变异、适应和进化的机制。本文从泡沙参复合体中选择了6个居群，利用播种和移栽试验，通过对不同个体和居群在一致条件下的表现及野外和移栽后的对比，对根、茎、叶，花和果等形态性状的表型可塑性进行了初步的观测分析。结果表明，一些叶片、花部和果实性状具有较大的发育可塑性，尤其是叶形、花萼裂片不仅发育变化大，而且随发育过程定向变化。环境可塑性较大的性状主要是根、茎、花序分枝等性状，而叶片、花部、果实和种子性状的环境饰变能力都较小。最后，对泡沙参复合体形态性状的变异从发育可塑性和环境可塑性的角度进行了讨论。 相似文献
2.
通过对狭叶沙参复合体进行居群(共46个)采样、引种、栽培实验，生物学特性观察，染色体观察
(已发表)，杂交、同工酶比较、形态性状的定性定量分析、茎解剖和花粉形态的观察，发现：(1)该
复合体主要进行异花授粉，实生苗第二年才抽茎生花；(2)32个居群的染色体计数表明，在辽宁东部、
辽宁西部(绝大部分地区)和山西霍县的居群都为二倍体(2n=34)，而其它地方的居群为四倍体(2n
68)；(3)叶的酯酶同工酶的变异大，和一些形态特征，尤其是叶的形态和大小的变异相似，而种子的酯
酶同工酶则相当稳定；(4)通过9个居群的杂交试验，在狭叶沙参和石沙参四倍体居群间得到了一
些F1种子，而辽宁西部二倍体与上述的四倍体居群间的杂交未产生任何F1种子；(5)性状分析(包括
聚类分析与主成份分析)和茎解剖的研究，揭示了它们在叶、果实、花和种子的形态、髓纤维组织的有无、
叶锯齿和花萼裂片齿的有无和多少等形状上的变异幅度，并据此分辨出8个宗。其中辽宁西部的二倍
体宗形态上相当独特，被提升为种的等级。 其余7个宗，根据不同的分化程度被处理为三个种和5个
亚种；(6)运用杂交指数法分析了石沙参和狭叶沙参在太行山一带杂交的可能性；(7)分析讨论了复合体内各类群的起源和进化关系。 相似文献
3.
利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对采自泡沙参复合体整个分布区的15个天然居群进行了等位酶
分析。7种酶系统共10个等位酶基因位点的检测表明,本复合体植物具有高水平的遗传变异性,居群
水平上的遗传多样性指标分别为:多态位点百分率P=0.40～0.70,等位基因平均数A=1.5～2.5,平
均期望杂合度He=0.102～0.291。3个类群在居群水平上的平均多样性水平由高至低依次为;A．
wawreana(A=2.10,P=0.63, He=0.237),A．lobophylla(A=1.85,P=0.60,He=0.204)和A．
potaninii(A=1.83,P=O.60,He=0.188)。居群遗传结构和交配系统的分析表明,本复合体植物的大
部分遗传变异存在于居群之内,Fst=0.176(A．wawreana)和0.115(A．potaninii),并以异交为主,异
交率估计值分别为t=0.86(A．wawreana),0.74(A．potaninii)和0.63(A．lobophylla),这是本复合
体植物具有丰富遗传变异的主要原因之一。根据15个居群的遗传一致度(I)值进行聚类分析发现,
15 个居群可分为明显的2支,由A．lobophylla 2个居群构成的一支与由A. wawreana 和A．potaninii 13
个居群构成的一支在遗传上的分化十分明显,而6个A．wawreana 居群和7个A．potaninii 居群间的
遗传差异不明显,是两个分化不充分的类群。因此,本文的等位酶证据说明,A．lobophylla是遗传上独立的好种,同时不支持将A．wawreana 和A. potaninii 分别作为独立种的处理。 相似文献
4.
张定成 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1989,27(6):451-453
本文报道了安徽黄山和九华山产草芍药Paeonia obovata Maxim．的校型，两个居群植物的核型
均为k(2n)=2x=10=6m+2sm+2st, 未见随体。它们的最长和最短染色体的比值均为1．47；臂
比大于2的染色体的百分比均为0.2，属Stebbins的2A核型。这说明草芍药种内不同居群植物的染 色体数目和核型都是极其稳定的，而且和芍药属Paeonia内已报道的其它种的染色体数目一致。 相似文献
5.
本文在观察了代表22个族76个属的203种禾本科植物幼苗的发育过程和
各种性状的基础上，探讨了重要性状的形成与分布区、生境条件的关系及重要性
状之间的相关性。 根据胚轴和根系发育的不同形式，将禾本科幼苗划分为三大
型：竹型、狐茅型和黍型。根据苗叶和不定根的特点，又把这些大型分为七个
亚型：真竹亚型、稻亚型、芦竹亚型、针茅亚型、狐茅亚型、画眉草亚型和真黍亚
型。 经过与胚体和植株各方面数据的互相印证，证明与幼苗形态的七个亚型相
对应，在系统分类上是七个亚科：竹亚科、稻亚科、芦竹亚科、针茅亚科、狐茅亚科、画眉草亚科和黍亚科。 相似文献
6.
张树仁 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2002,40(5):433-443
根据外部形态学和小坚果表皮的微形态学资料，研究了囊状嵩草及其相关类群的分类。在这一
群植物中，有13个相关的学名。根据以前学者用于区别这些植物的形态性状，无法清楚地将它们划分
开。因此作者深入地研究了有关植物的89号200多份标本，重新评价了形态性状的分类学意义。为了
更深入地理解这类植物的分类，应用扫描电子显微镜对其小坚果表皮的微形态进行了研究。根据研究
的结果，确认了囊状嵩草Kobresia fragilis和弧形嵩草K．curvata，其他名称做为囊状嵩草的异名，K．clar-
keana、K．clarkeana var．megalantha和K.curticeps var．gyirongensis被处理为囊状嵩草的新异名。弧形嵩
草从形态学和微形态学两个方面都明显不同于囊状嵩草。研究中还发现囊状嵩草的一号标本采自甘肃的碌曲，是其分布的省级新记录。 相似文献
7.
洪德元 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2001,39(6):544-546
虽然玄参科的马松蒿Xizangia serrata D．Y．Hong与齿叶翅茎草Petrygiella artschioides Hand．-Mazz．系同物异名，但齿叶翅茎草与翅茎草属其余4种植物在习性、叶、花萼等外部形态上有显著差异，在种皮方面的差异尤为突出。马松蒿属Xizangia 作为属的地位是合适的。因此，本文作了一个新组合，即XI-zangia bartschioides(Hand．-Mazz．)D．Y．Hong，而把Ptertrygiella bartschioides Hand．-Mazz．和Xizangia serrata D．Y. Hong均作异名处理。 相似文献
8.
三尖杉属植物叶片结构的比较观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
胡玉熹 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(4):289-296
本文作者在光学显微镜与扫描电子显微镜下，比较观察了三尖杉属植物叶片构造与叶
表面角质层的特征。
观察结果表明，篦子三尖杉的气孔为双环型，少数为单环型, 单位面积上的气孔平均数较
多(120．6个／mm2), 具皮下层, 叶肉中含有大量丝状石细胞和少量星状石细胞及短石细胞, 叶
下表面角质突起不明显。而三尖杉属的其余种类，气孔均为双环型，气孔平均数较少(47．3一
88．1个／mm2), 除日本粗榧与柱冠日本粗榧外，均无皮下层, 叶肉中具星状石细胞、短石细
胞、纤维状石细胞或完全缺如, 叶下表面具明显的角质突起。依据上述特征以及大体形态和生
物碱成分等有关资料，我们建议在三尖杉属中可分为： 三尖杉组(Sect．Cephalotaxus)和篦子
三尖杉组(Sect．Pectinatae)。 此外，本文还对三尖杉组中的分系与某些种的划分，以及三尖杉科的系统位置进行了讨论。 相似文献
9.
潘开玉 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(4):264-293
按本文处理，马铃苣苔属Oreocharis包括27种、5变种，其中有5个新种、4个新变
种。文中分析研究了该属的外部形态和地理分布; 在扫描电镜(SEM)下，对22个种的花粉
外壁和16个种的种皮进行了观察。结果认为花冠有三个类型，花药有两个类型，花粉和种皮
的外壁纹饰也可各分为三个类型。花冠的各种类型是稳定的，它们与花粉粒和种皮的特征明
显相关。其相关性是该属次级划分的主要依据。该属分为四个组。以O．bodinieri建立的
属，Dasydesmus Craib被并入Oreocharis。 相似文献
10.
国产三角瓣花属(茜草科)订正 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阮云珍 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(6):443-449
三角瓣花属Prismatomeris Thw．在Hooker(1873)和K．Schumann(1891)的茜草
科分类系统中隶于巴戟族Morindeae Miq．但在 Bremekamp(1966年)的分类系统中，其分类
位置未定。本属的胚根下位，花冠裂片镊合状排列和具针晶等特征与巴戟族相同，但它的花
离生，子房2室，胚珠盾形而着生于子房隔膜上半部等特征则与巴戟族明显不同。 因此，
将本属分立作族并置于Bremekamp所定界的茜草亚科Rubioideae中似乎较合适。 本文还提
供了经挑选的本属10对特征及其分类价值的说明。辨别了两个种：(1)将分布于中国的P.
tetrandra(Roxb．)K．Schum. 修订为 “P.tetrandra (Roxb.) K. Schum. subsp. multiflora
(Ridley，)Y．Z．Ruan”. (2)P. connata Y． Z. Ruan 被记述作新种它的热带新亚种是 P. connata Y． Z． Ruan subsp. hainanensis Y． Z． Ruan。 相似文献
11.
12.
张志耘 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(5):394-403
The morphological characters in the genus Orobanche were evaluated from the
taxonomic point of view. The author finds that the plants of this genus are relatively similar
to each other in respect to characters of vegetative organs, fruits and seeds. But the differences
in the floral structures can be served as a basis for delimitating infrageneric taxa. The seed
coat of 18 species and pollen grains of 6 species were also examined under scanning electron
microscope (SEM). They seem to have little significance for distinguishing species.
The result supports G. Beck’s (1930) division of the genus Orobanche into 4 sections, of
which 2 occur in China, based on the characters of the inflorescence, bracteoles and calyx.
The author considers that some characters, such as anther hairy or not, upper lip of corolla
entire or not, lower lip longer or shorter than the upper one, the state of corolla-tube inflec-
tion and the hair type of filaments and plants, are important in distinguishing Chinese species.
A key to the species of Orobanche in China is given.
This genus consists of about 100 species, and is mostly confined to Eurasia, with over 60
species found in Caucasus and Middle Asia of USSR, where may be the mordern distribu-
tional centre.
Orobanche L. in China is represented by 23 species, 3 varieties and l forma. As shown in
Table 1, most species (12 species) are found in Xinjiang, which clearly shows a close floristic
relationship between this region and Middle Asia of USSR. 6 species are endemic to China,
of which 4 are confined to the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin divide).
The relationships between this genus and related ones of Orobanchaceae are also discussed.
The author holds the following opinions: the genus Phelypaea Desf. should be considered as a
member of Orobanche L. Sect. Gymnocaulis G. Beck, the monotypic genus, Necranthus A.
Gilli endemic to Turkey, is allied with Orobanche L. Sect. Orobanche, the monotypic genus,
Platypholis Maxim, endemic to Bonin Is. of Japan, is far from Orobanche L. in relation and
should be regarded as a separate genus.
The 11 OTU’s, including all the sections of Orobanche L. and 7 genera of Orobanchaceae,
and 15 morphological characters were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment to test the
above-mentioned suggestions. After standardization of characters, the correlation matrices were
computerized. The correlation matrices were made to test the various clustering methods. At
last the UPGMA clustering method was chosen and its result is shown in a phenogram. The
result of numerical analysis is basically in accordance with the suggestions. 相似文献
13.
Owing to the diagnostic characters used for distinguishing Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. from its allies L. formosa (Vogel) Koehne and L. elliptica Benth. ex Maxim. etc. beiny totally quantitative, and the great variability found in themselver as well, the group is therefore regarded as a taxonomically perplexing one. Therefore quantitative measurements of the diagnostic characters, namely, the lengths of flowers (including standards and keels) and calyces (including calyx teeth and tubes) upon the total 307 herbarium sheets collected from 22 provinces and autonomous regions were made, and the data obtained were treated statistically (Table 1) and compared using methods of scatter diagram (Fig. 1--5),polygraph (Fig. 6) and topoclinal variation (Fig. 7--10) in order to bring to light the differentiation pattern of these characters correlated to geographical distribution.
The diagrams of topoclinal variation (Fig. 7--10) of single characters represented by the lengths of calyx-teeth and corolla, or the calyx-teeth/calyx-tube ratio, between which exists a strong positive correlation, show a tendency of increasing gradation from northeast towards south-west. But the different combinations of morphological characters as shown in the scatter diagrams and more particularly in the polygraphs, make it possible to divide the Lespedeza bicolor group into the following three geographical types: (1) Bicolor type, with the distributional area of four provinces and one autonomous region of north-eastern and northern China; having the shortest (shorter than the calyx-rube) calyx-teeth of the whole group; with the standards of 71% herbarium materials exceeding the keels; the corolla length/calyx length ratio being 2.24; (2) Formosa type, with the distributional area covering six provinces and one autonomous region of eastern, south-eastern and southern China; with calyx-teeth nearly as long as calyx-tuges; with the keels of 69% herbarium sheets exceeding the standards, including all from whole Guangdong (Kwantung) and Guangxi (Kwansi); the corolla length/calyx length ratio being 2.59, the largest among the group;
(3) Elliptica type, with the largest distributional area occupying ten provinces of south
western, central, northwestern and eastern China and with most complicated morphologi-
cal variation; the range of calyx-teeth length being 1.23--5.53 mm; with the keels of 80% herbarium sheets exceeding the standards, including all from whole Hubei (Hupeh) and Sichuan ( Szechuan ). Since the above geographical types are either transitional or overlapping, it is probably appropriate to regard them as different geographical subspecies of a single species Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. Taxonomic treatments are then made herewith. A comparison of the main diagnostic characters and distributional patterns of the three subspecies in question is given in Table 3. 相似文献
14.
对山西省南部矮牡丹3个居群连续两年的野外观察和实验研究表明,共有5种蜂和4种甲虫参
与矮牡丹的传粉。电镜观察和人工控制昆虫传粉试验证明,蜂类,特别是地蜂类是矮牡丹的主要传粉
者,而甲虫类只是一种不稳定的传粉者。矮牡丹花无蜜液,但可散发气味,主要以花粉吸引昆虫。矮牡
丹不存在无融合生殖,也没有自动自花结实现象,但同株异花能产生少量种子,具微弱的自交性。在花
少的居群中自然结实率与人工异交结实率近相等。矮牡丹的结实率低,平均只有近1／4的胚珠发育成种子。 相似文献
15.
报道了在广西发现的苦苣苔科半蒴苣苔属Hemiboea一新种，即红苞半蒴苣苔H. rubribracteata Z. Y. Li & Yan Liu。该新种叶形与贵州半蒴苣苔H. cavaleriei Lévl.相近，不同在于茎较粗且坚硬，总苞红色，萼片较长，花冠外面白色，无毛，下唇3裂至中部。 相似文献
16.
The classical and numerical taxonomy, palynology and the geographical dis-
tribution of the Genus Schizopepon are dealt with in the present paper. Having comme-
nted on various opinions regarding the systematic position of the genus, the present au-
thors consider that C. Jeffrey’s treatment of Schizopepon as a new and monogeneric tri-
be, Schizopeponeae, should be supported.
The gross morphological characters in the genus are assessed from the taxonomic
point of view. Some characters, such as stamens with an elongated connective or not,
different insertions of ovules and various forms of ovaries and fruits, may be used for
distinguishing subgenera.
The pollen grains of all the species were observed under light microscope (LM) and
scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that a strong differentiation
has taken place in the pollen of the genus, and in consequence it may be regarded as an
important basis for dividing subgenera and species. Especially it should be pointed out
that degrees of development of colpi and positions of ora are positively correlated with
the external characters used for distinguishing subgenera.
According to the morphological and palynological characters, the genus Schizopepon
may be divided into three subgenera and eight species: 1. Subgenus Schizopepon: 5 spe-
cies, S. bryoniaefolius Maxim., S. monoicus A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang, S. dioicus Cogn.,
S. longipes Gagnep. and S. macranthus Hand.-Mazz.; 2. Subgenus Rhynchocarpos A. M.
Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 1 species, S. bomiensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang; 3. Subgenus Neoschi-
zopepon A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 2 species, S. bicirrhosus (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey
and S. xizangensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang.
The 8 OTU’s including all the species of this genus and 31 characters, of which 16 are morphological characters and 15 palynological characters, were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment. After standardization of characters, the correlation and distance matrices were computed. The correlation matrices are made to test the various clustering methods. At last, the UPGMA clustering method was selected and its result
is shown in the form of phenogram. The result of numerical analysis is similar to that of the classical classification.
Schizopepon Maxim. is a genus of East Asia-Himalayan distribution. China has all 8 species and 2 varieties, of which 6 species are endemic. Based on the statistics of spedies number, the distribution centre of the genus is considered to be in the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin water divides) and the adjacent areas of the southwest China. 相似文献
17.
南京两种半夏群体水平变异式样的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南京东郊灵谷寺山坡有一种半夏属Pinellia植物，它外观上与半夏P.ternata相似，但无珠芽；在形态上则更近似鹞落坪半夏P.yaoluopingensis，但缺少子块茎。本文以两个半夏群体和一个鹞落坪半夏(暂名)群体为对象，从生境的调查、形态性状的测量、花粉粒电镜扫描和显微观察以及染色体的计数人手，对两种半夏的变异式样进行比较。结果表明鹞落坪半夏群体与半夏群体的区别在于：(1)营养器官绝无珠芽，佛焰苞檐部边缘决非紫红色，雄花序长度比半夏短，雌花序和附属器长度均比半夏长；(2)花粉粒比半夏小，虽都呈圆球形，但小刺状纹饰较稀疏；(3)染色体2n=26，与半夏群体2n=72不同；(4)半夏具有一定杂草特性，在不同程度人为干扰的环境中能很好地生长和开花。鹞落坪半夏则常见于落叶阔叶林下层未受人为干扰的环境中。 相似文献