共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 406 毫秒
1.
G Salton C Buckley E A Fox 《Journal of the American Society for Information Science》1983,34(4):262-280
Modern information retrieval systems are designed to supply relevant information in response to requests received from the user population. In most retrieval environments the search requests consist of keywords, or index terms, interrelated by appropriate Boolean operators. Since it is difficult for untrained users to generate effective Boolean search requests, trained search intermediaries are normally used to translate original statements of user need into useful Boolean search formulations. Methods are introduced in this study which reduce the role of the search intermediaries by making it possible to generate Boolean search formulations completely automatically from natural language statements provided by the system patrons. Frequency considerations are used automatically to generate appropriate term combinations as well as Boolean connectives relating the terms. Methods are covered to produce automatic query formulations both in a standard Boolean logic system, as well as in an extended Boolean system in which the strict interpretation of the connectives is relaxed. Experimental results are supplied to evaluate the effectiveness of the automatic query formulation process, and methods are described for applying the automatic query formulation process in practice. 相似文献
2.
采用4种检索方式（无过滤布尔逻辑、过滤布尔逻辑、无过滤自然语言和过滤自然语言）对7个常见数据库ASP、GS、JSTOR、LexisNexis、ProQuest Central、PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science检索测试,最后分析了在目前技术环境下,布尔逻辑和自然语言检索相比,哪种方式更加有效。 相似文献
3.
4.
Tao Qin Tie-Yan Liu Xu-Dong Zhang Guang Feng De-Sheng Wang Wei-Ying Ma 《Information processing & management》2007
Topic distillation is one of the main information needs when users search the Web. Previous approaches for topic distillation treat single page as the basic searching unit, which has not fully utilized the structure information of the Web. In this paper, we propose a novel concept for topic distillation, named sub-site retrieval, in which the basic searching unit is sub-site instead of single page. A sub-site is the subset of a website, consisting of a structural collection of pages. The key of sub-site retrieval includes (1) extracting effective features for the representation of a sub-site using both the content and structure information, (2) delivering the sub-site-based retrieval results with a friendly and informative user interface. For the first point, we propose Punished Integration algorithm, which is based on the modeling of the growth of websites. For the second point, we design a user interface to better illustrate the search results of sub-site retrieval. Testing on the topic distillation task of TREC 2003 and 2004, sub-site retrieval leads to significant improvement of retrieval performance over the previous methods based on single pages. Furthermore, time complexity analysis shows that sub-site retrieval can be integrated into the index component of search engines. 相似文献
5.
Ovad Mansur 《Information processing & management》1980,16(3):129-137
This paper extends Goffman's Indirect Method of Information Retrieval by suggesting a more flexible search strategy. The suggested strategy in its simplified version is more effective than the Boolean strategy used in existing information retrieval systems and can be implemented at comparable costs. Some of its features might further increase the effectiveness of information retrieval systems. 相似文献
6.
As an information medium, video offers many possible retrieval and browsing modalities, far more than text, image or audio. Some of these, like searching the text of the spoken dialogue, are well developed, others like keyframe browsing tools are in their infancy, and others not yet technically achievable. For those modalities for browsing and retrieval which we cannot yet achieve we can only speculate as to how useful they will actually be, but we do not know for sure. In our work we have created a system to support multiple modalities for video browsing and retrieval including text search through the spoken dialogue, image matching against shot keyframes and object matching against segmented video objects. For the last of these, automatic segmentation and tracking of video objects is a computationally demanding problem which is not yet solved for generic natural video material, and when it is then it is expected to open up possibilities for user interaction with objects in video, including searching and browsing. In this paper we achieve object segmentation by working in a closed domain of animated cartoons. We describe an interactive user experiment on a medium-sized corpus of video where we were able to measure users’ use of video objects versus other modes of retrieval during multiple-iteration searching. Results of this experiment show that although object searching is used far less than text searching in the first iteration of a user’s search it is a popular and useful search type once an initial set of relevant shots have been found. 相似文献
7.
《Information processing & management》2003,39(3):391-402
We will explore various ways to apply query structuring in cross-language information retrieval. In the first test, English queries were translated into Finnish using an electronic dictionary, and were run in a Finnish newspaper database of 55,000 articles. Queries were structured by combining the Finnish translation equivalents of the same English query key using the syn-operator of the InQuery retrieval system. Structured queries performed markedly better than unstructured queries. Second, the effects of compound-based structuring using a proximity operator for the translation equivalents of query language compound components were tested. The method was not useful in syn-based queries but resulted in decrease in retrieval effectiveness. Proper names are often non-identical spelling variants in different languages. This allows n-gram based translation of names not included in a dictionary. In the third test, a query structuring method where the Boolean and-operator was used to assign more weight to keys translated through n-gram matching gave good results. 相似文献
8.
《Information processing & management》2005,41(3):457-473
Two probabilistic approaches to cross-lingual retrieval are in wide use today, those based on probabilistic models of relevance, as exemplified by INQUERY, and those based on language modeling. INQUERY, as a query net model, allows the easy incorporation of query operators, including a synonym operator, which has proven to be extremely useful in cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), in an approach often called structured query translation. In contrast, language models incorporate translation probabilities into a unified framework. We compare the two approaches on Arabic and Spanish data sets, using two kinds of bilingual dictionaries––one derived from a conventional dictionary, and one derived from a parallel corpus. We find that structured query processing gives slightly better results when queries are not expanded. On the other hand, when queries are expanded, language modeling gives better results, but only when using a probabilistic dictionary derived from a parallel corpus.We pursue two additional issues inherent in the comparison of structured query processing with language modeling. The first concerns query expansion, and the second is the role of translation probabilities. We compare conventional expansion techniques (pseudo-relevance feedback) with relevance modeling, a new IR approach which fits into the formal framework of language modeling. We find that relevance modeling and pseudo-relevance feedback achieve comparable levels of retrieval and that good translation probabilities confer a small but significant advantage. 相似文献
9.
On the role of user-centred evaluation in the advancement of interactive information retrieval 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper discusses the role of user-centred evaluations as an essential method for researching interactive information retrieval. It draws mainly on the work carried out during the Clarity Project where different user-centred evaluations were run during the lifecycle of a cross-language information retrieval system. The iterative testing was not only instrumental to the development of a usable system, but it enhanced our knowledge of the potential, impact, and actual use of cross-language information retrieval technology. Indeed the role of the user evaluation was dual: by testing a specific prototype it was possible to gain a micro-view and assess the effectiveness of each component of the complex system; by cumulating the result of all the evaluations (in total 43 people were involved) it was possible to build a macro-view of how cross-language retrieval would impact on users and their tasks. By showing the richness of results that can be acquired, this paper aims at stimulating researchers into considering user-centred evaluations as a flexible, adaptable and comprehensive technique for investigating non-traditional information access systems. 相似文献
10.
Duncan A. Buell 《Information processing & management》1981,17(5):249-262
Most current document retrieval systems require that user queries be specified in the form of Boolean expressions. Although Boolean queries work, they have flaws. Some of the attempts to overcome these flaws have involved “partial-match” retrieval or the use of fuzzy-subset theory. Recently, some generalizations of fuzzy-subset theory have been suggested that would allow the user to specify queries with relevance weights or thresholds attached to terms. The various query-processing methods are discussed and compared. 相似文献
11.
12.
The use of weights to denote a query representation and/or the indexing of a document is analysed as a generalization of a Boolean retrieval system. Criteria are given for the functions used to evaluate the relevance of the records to a specific query, including self-consistency. Various mechanisms suggested in the literature for evaluating the relevance of records with regard to a given query are tested and found to be less than satisfactory. A new approach is suggested to avoid some of the perils of a weighted Boolean retrieval system. 相似文献
13.
《Information processing & management》2005,41(3):433-455
This paper reviews state-of-the-art techniques and methods for enhancing effectiveness of cross-language information retrieval (CLIR). The following research issues are covered: (1) matching strategies and translation techniques, (2) methods for solving the problem of translation ambiguity, (3) formal models for CLIR such as application of the language model, (4) the pivot language approach, (5) methods for searching multilingual document collection, (6) techniques for combining multiple language resources, etc. 相似文献
14.
《Information processing & management》2005,41(2):195-216
Due to the large repository of documents available on the web, users are usually inundated by a large volume of information, most of which is found to be irrelevant. Since user perspectives vary, a client-side text filtering system that learns the user's perspective can reduce the problem of irrelevant retrieval. In this paper, we have provided the design of a customized text information filtering system which learns user preferences and modifies the initial query to fetch better documents. It uses a rough-fuzzy reasoning scheme. The rough-set based reasoning takes care of natural language nuances, like synonym handling, very elegantly. The fuzzy decider provides qualitative grading to the documents for the user's perusal. We have provided the detailed design of the various modules and some results related to the performance analysis of the system. 相似文献
15.
In this paper, we present ViGOR (Video Grouping, Organisation and Recommendation), an exploratory video retrieval system. Exploratory video retrieval tasks are hampered by the lack of semantics associated to video and the overwhelming amount of video items stored in these types of collections (e.g. YouTube, MSN video, etc.). In order to help facilitate these exploratory video search tasks we present a system that utilises two complementary approaches: the first a new search paradigm that allows the semantic grouping of videos and the second the exploitation of past usage history in order to provide video recommendations. We present two types of recommendation techniques adapted to the grouping search paradigm: the first is a global recommendation, which couples the multi-faceted nature of explorative video retrieval tasks with the current user need of information in order to provide recommendations, and second is a local recommendation, which exploits the organisational features of ViGOR in order to provide more localised recommendations based on a specific aspect of the user task. Two user evaluations were carried out in order to (1) validate the new search paradigm provided by ViGOR, characterised by the grouping functionalities and (2) evaluate the usefulness of the proposed recommendation approaches when integrated into ViGOR. The results of our evaluations show (1) that the grouping, organisational and recommendation functionalities can result in an improvement in the users’ search performance without adversely impacting their perceptions of the system and (2) that both recommendation approaches are relevant to the users at different stages of their search, showing the importance of using multi-faceted recommendations for video retrieval systems and also illustrating the many uses of collaborative recommendations for exploratory video search tasks. 相似文献
16.
Determining requirements when searching for and retrieving relevant information suited to a user’s needs has become increasingly important and difficult, partly due to the explosive growth of electronic documents. The vector space model (VSM) is a popular method in retrieval procedures. However, the weakness in traditional VSM is that the indexing vocabulary changes whenever changes occur in the document set, or the indexing vocabulary selection algorithms, or parameters of the algorithms, or if wording evolution occurs. The major objective of this research is to design a method to solve the afore-mentioned problems for patent retrieval. The proposed method utilizes the special characteristics of the patent documents, the International Patent Classification (IPC) codes, to generate the indexing vocabulary for presenting all the patent documents. The advantage of the generated indexing vocabulary is that it remains unchanged, even if the document sets, selection algorithms, and parameters are changed, or if wording evolution occurs. Comparison of the proposed method with two traditional methods (entropy and chi-square) in manual and automatic evaluations is presented to verify the feasibility and validity. The results also indicate that the IPC-based indexing vocabulary selection method achieves a higher accuracy and is more satisfactory. 相似文献
17.
When consumers search for health information, a major obstacle is their unfamiliarity with the medical terminology. Even though medical thesauri such as the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and related tools (e.g., the MeSH Browser) were created to help consumers find medical term definitions, the lack of direct and explicit integration of these help tools into a health retrieval system prevented them from effectively achieving their objectives. To explore this issue, we conducted an empirical study with two systems: One is a simple interface system supporting query-based searching; the other is an augmented system with two new components supporting MeSH term searching and MeSH tree browsing. A total of 45 subjects were recruited to participate in the study. The results indicated that the augmented system is more effective than the simple system in terms of improving user-perceived topic familiarity and question–answer performance, even though we did not find users spend more time on the augmented system. The two new MeSH help components played a critical role in participants’ health information retrieval and were found to allow them to develop new search strategies. The findings of the study enhanced our understanding of consumers’ search behaviors and shed light on the design of future health information retrieval systems. 相似文献
18.
Several papers have appeared that have analyzed recent developments in the problem of processing, in a document retrieval system, queries expressed as Boolean expressions. The purpose of this paper is to continue that analysis. We shall show that the concept of threshold values resolves the problems inherent with relevance weights. Moreover, we shall explore possible evaluation mechanisms for retrieval of documents, based on fuzzy-set-theoretic considerations. 相似文献
19.
We present Biased LexRank, a method for semi-supervised passage retrieval in the context of question answering. We represent a text as a graph of passages linked based on their pairwise lexical similarity. We use traditional passage retrieval techniques to identify passages that are likely to be relevant to a user’s natural language question. We then perform a random walk on the lexical similarity graph in order to recursively retrieve additional passages that are similar to other relevant passages. We present results on several benchmarks that show the applicability of our work to question answering and topic-focused text summarization. 相似文献
20.
《Information processing & management》2005,41(3):523-547
Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) systems allow users to find documents written in different languages from that of their query. Simple knowledge structures such as bilingual term lists have proven to be a remarkably useful basis for bridging that language gap. A broad array of dictionary-based techniques have demonstrated utility, but comparison across techniques has been difficult because evaluation results often span only a limited range of conditions. This article identifies the key issues in dictionary-based CLIR, develops unified frameworks for term selection and term translation that help to explain the relationships among existing techniques, and illustrates the effect of those techniques using four contrasting languages for systematic experiments with a uniform query translation architecture. Key results include identification of a previously unseen dependence of pre- and post-translation expansion on orthographic cognates and development of a query-specific measure for translation fanout that helps to explain the utility of structured query methods. 相似文献