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1.
报道了中国产12种苔藓植物染色体数目，结果为:壶苞苔Blasia pusilla，n=9;艳
绿光苔Cyathodium smaragdinum，n=9;紫背苔Plagiochasma rupestre，n=9;石地钱Rebou
lia hemisphaerica，n=9;宽片叶苔Riccardia latifrons，n=10;尖叶美喙藓Eurhynchium eustegium，n=11;东亚沼羽藓Helodium sachalinense，n=11;白齿藓Leucodon sciuroides， 相似文献
2.
本文以藓类植物的幼嫩孢蒴为材料，对秦岭地区14种藓类植物的染色体作了观察，并对其中的长尖提灯藓进行了核型分析。结果如下：细叶真藓Bryum capillare L.ex Hedw．n＝10；长尖提灯藓Mnium lycopodioides Schwaegr．n＝6，核型公式为n＝6＝3m+3sm(1SAT)侧枝匍灯藓Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb．)T．Kop．n＝6；梨蒴珠藓皱叶变种Bartramia pomiformis var．elongata Turn. n=10+2m；细枝羽藓Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Mitt. n=11；尖叶羽藓Thuidium philibortii Limpr. n=10+1m；褐黄水灰藓Hygrohypnum ochraceum (Wils.) Loesk. n=10；钩枝镰刀藓Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Warnst. n=7+3m； 黄叶细湿藓Campylium chrysophyllum (Brid.) J. Lange. n=10；林地青藓Brachythecium starkei (Brid.) B. S. G. n=16；多褶青藓 Brachythecium buchananii (Hook.) Jaeg. n=6；扁枝小锦藓Brotherella yokohamae (Broth.) Broth. n=9+2m； 粗枝藓Gollania neckerella (C. Mull.) Broth. n=7； 暖地金发藓, Pogonatum fastigiatum Mitt. n=7；其中粗枝藓和扁枝小锦藓的染色体数尚未见报道；林地青藓和多褶青藓的染色体数与所见报道的结果不同：其余10种与前人报道的结果一致。 相似文献
3.
本文对我国东北产6种藓类的孢子母细胞减数分裂中期I的染色体数进行了报道。结果如下：
羽枝青藓Brachythecium plumosum （Hedw．)B．S．G．，n=15；钝叶绢藓Entodon obtusatus(Mitt)
Jaeg．，n=11；东亚绢藓E．okamurae Mitt,n=11；丛本藓Anoctangium aestivum(Hedw．)Mitt．，
n＝13；真藓Bryum argenteum Hedw．，n=10；尖叶美喙藓Eurhynchium eustegium(Besch．)Dix.,n=20+2m，其中前三种为首次报道。 相似文献
4.
国产苔藓植物的核型研究，目前尚未见到任何报道。本文对中国产绢藓属4种植物进行了核型研究。观察了配子体有丝分裂中期的染色体和异染色体。4种植物的染色体数目均为11。钝叶绢藓(E．obtusatus)，密叶绢藓(E．compressus)，东亚绢藓(E．okamurae)，的核型公式为K(n)=11＝2V(H)+2J+6(4v+2i)+m(h)，陕西绢藓(E.giraldii)为K(n)＝11＝2V(H)+V+2J+5(3v+2i)+m(h)．4种植物的核型均为首次报道。 相似文献
5.
本文首次报道了中国特有异叶苣苔属的染色体数目及核型。该属所研究种类的染色体数目均为
2n＝18,染色体长度在2.0µm以上,在尖舌苣苔族所报道的染色体中显示出较原始的性状。尖舌苣苔
族的染色体基数可能是x=9。异叶苣苔属的间期核均为复杂型;前期染色体呈渐变型。核型从对称型
向不对称型的演化主要表现在近中部着丝粒,尤其是近端部着丝粒染色体比例的增大。毕节异叶苣苔
W．bljieensis和峨眉异叶苣苔W．tsiangiana var．wilsonii的核型分别为2n=2m＋8m＋8sm(1sat)和
2n=2m＋8m(1sat)＋8sm(2sat),较为对称。紫红异叶苣苔W．purpurascens和白花异叶苣苔W.
tsiangiana var. tsiangiana的核型分别为2n=4m＋6sm＋8st(1sat)和2n=4m＋8sm(2sat)＋6st,比较
特化。河口异叶苣苔W．hekouensis的核型是2n=4m+10sm(1sat)+4st,处于二者之间。峨眉异叶苣
苔和原变种白花异叶苣苔的核型差异较大,在外部形态方面二者之间的性状变异也间断较大。本文建 议将该变种从白花异叶苣苔W．tsiangiana中移出自成一种,并和毕节异叶苣苔近缘。 相似文献
6.
我国在苔藓植物细胞学方面的研究尚属空白。本文介绍了藓类植物染色体的研究方
法，首次报道了我国4种藓类的染色体数。研究材料均取各种藓类的幼嫩孢蒴。 本文对孢子
母细胞在减数分裂中期I的染色体进行了观察。 尖叶对齿藓Didymodon constrictus(Mitt．)
Saito．n＝14, 陕西绢藓Entodon schensianus C.Mull．n=10十lm, 尖叶走灯藓Plagiomni-
um cuspidatum(Hedw．)T．Kop．n＝6, 牛角藓Cratoneuron filicinum(Hedw．)Spruc．n＝10。 其中的前两种藓类为首次报道。并对后两种藓类的染色体数也进行了讨论。 相似文献
7.
8.
对海南岛13种菊科植物进行了染色体研究，对其中9种植物进行了核型分析，结果为: 树菊Tithoni-a diversifolia A.Gray，2n=34=26m+8sm（2sat）;鳢肠Eclipta prostrata（L.）L.，2n=22=18m+4sm;金腰箭Synedrella nodiflora（L.）Gaertn.，2n=40=6m+30sm（2sat）+4st;三叶鬼针草黄花类型Bidens pilosa L.（yel-low flower），2n=72=46m+26sm（2sat）;羽 相似文献
9.
本文以根尖细胞为材料，观察了黑藻属Hydrilla植物的染色体核型。 它由两群染
色体组成：1—5 为长染色体，6—8 为短染色体。 染色体基数x=8。轮叶黑藻Hydrilla
verticillata(L. f.)Royle为二倍体；染色体数目为2n=2x=16； 雌雄之间既无染色体数
目的差别，也无异型染色体存在；核型公式为2n=2x=16＝6m+6Sm十4St。 罗氏轮叶
黑藻Hydrilla verticillata var．roxburgbii Casp系同源三倍体； 染色体数目为2n=3x=24；
核型公式为2n=3x=24=9m+9Sm+6St。 相似文献
10.
利用细胞学方法观察统计了中国4种水韭属Isoestes植物的染色体数目。结果发现4个种的染色体基数均为x=11，其中高寒水韭I．hypsophila Hand.-Mazz．为2n=22，为首次报道；台湾水韭 I．taiwanensis DeVol为2n=22；中华水韭I．sinensis Palmer 2n=44为四倍体；而产于云南贵州一带并一直被当作是宽叶水韭I．japonica A．Br．的水韭属植物2n=22，与文献报道的宽叶水韭(2n=66，67，77，87，88，89)完全不同，应重新予以认识和评价。依据本文和其他相关的研究结果，对东亚水韭属植物进行了分类处理。 相似文献
11.
Leonurus japonicus Houtt. [L. heterophyllus Sweet, L. artemisia (Lour.) S. Y.
Hu] is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines used as a remedy for gynaeco-
logical disease since ancient times. A cytological investigation on the species was carried out
and the materials for chromosomal examination were collected from 26 localities in 20 provi-
noes and autonomous regions of this country. The number of chromosomes in root tip cell of
the species was found to be 20 on the whole (Tab. 1:1), agreeing with those reported by Ma and
al.[2] and probably by Chuang and al.[3] as well.
The genus Leonurus L. is variable in its chromosomes with an aneuploidy of x=9, 10 and
12. The present authors would propose that the primitive basic number of chromosome in the
genus is 9, and thus both 10 and 12 are derived, for: (1) among the 9 species (including 1 sub-
species) heretofore cytologically examined, x=9 occurring in 66.7%, x=10 occurring in 22.2%,
while x=12 occurring only in 11.1%; (2) in generaclosely related to the genus under considera-
tion, such as Panzeria, Galeobdolon and Lamium x=9 being the sole basic number.
But L. japonicus exhibits a mixoploidy of 2n=20 (occurring at the rate of 53.30% of the
total amount of cells examined), 2n=18 (30.70%), and 2n=16 (15.99%) in our work. (Table
1). Since the original basic number of chromosome of the genus is 9 as proposed above, 2n=
20 would be considered as a derived one and the occurrence of 2n=18 probably suggests an
early evolutionary trend of 2n=18→20 of the pecies in question. 相似文献
12.
本文报道了中国苹果属Malus Mill．21种36类型的核型和6个多倍体类型的减数分裂联会构
型。 (木+多)(木+衣)海棠组Sect．Docyniopsis和花楸苹果组Sect．Sorbomalus中的滇池海棠系Ser．
Yunnanenses 属2A型，陇东海棠系Ser．Kansuenses中的变叶海棠M．toringoides和花叶海棠M．
transitoria属2A、2B则，三叶海棠系Ser．Sieboldianae属2B型，苹果组Sect．Malus中的苹果系
Ser．Pumilae和山荆子系Ser．Baccatae除小金海棠M．xiaojinensis 2B型外，均属3B型。减数分
裂观察结果有同源四倍体，节段异源三倍体和异源三倍体类型。本文还讨论了种类间在核型上的差异、栽培种的起源，核型的演化趋势以及无融合生殖类型的分类学处理。 相似文献
13.
Some species of Hemerocallis were cultivated in the campus of Futan Un-
iversity, including the evergreen H. aurantiaca Baker. The original plant of H. auran-
tiaca was introduced from Zhangzhou, southeastern Fukien Province. The karyotype
formula of H. aurantiaca is 2n=33=12m+9sm+3st+3T+6m(sat). The karyotype
differs from those of summer-green or evergreen H. fulva (k(2n)=33=3M+21m+6sm
+3T) and H. fulva var. kwanso (K(2n)=33=3M+l8m+6sm+3st+3T). The vouchers
are kept in FUS. 相似文献
14.
孔药花属(鸭跖草科)的核型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文首次对鸭跖草科孔药花属Porandra Hong进行染色体研究。孔药花P．ramosa Hong和攀缘孔药花P．scandens Hong在染色体的大小、数目和形态上都十分相似，核型公式为2n＝36＝4m+26sm+6st(2sat)，核型类型属于3B。染色体证据支持孔药花属与穿鞘花属Amischotolype和Coleotrype属相近的观点。 相似文献
15.
本文报道了山芹属Ostericum 5种1变种13个居群的核型，其中4种为首次报道。其核型如下：隔山香 O．citriodorum 广东宝安的居群，2n=22=16m+6sm；江西鹰潭的居群，2n=22=14m+6sm+2st；华东山芹 O．huadongensis本所药物园居群，2n=22=16m+6sm；安徽广德的居群，2n=22=16m+4sm+2sm(SAT)；绿花山芹 O．viridiflorum内蒙古额右旗的居群，2n=22=18m+4sm；黑龙江双鸭山居群，2n=22=18m+2sm+2st(SAT)；山芹 O．sieboldii 辽宁庄河居群，2n=22=4sm+16st+2st(SAT)；吉林长白山居群，2n+22+2sm+20st；狭叶山芹 O. sieboldii var．praetieritum 辽宁鞍山的居群，2n=22=2sm+20st；大齿山芹 O.grosseserratum 辽宁庄河居群，2n=18=2sm+16st；江苏宜兴居群，2n=18=2sm+16st；安徽广德居群，2n=18=18st；浙江天目山居群，2n=18=18st。隔山香、华东山芹和绿花山芹具较原始的2A型，山芹和大齿山芹则具较为进化的4A型。此外，大齿山芹具有下行性的染色体基数n=9，这在整个前胡族中都具独特性。根据各居群在种分布区内的核型演化方向及现代地理分布格局并结合形态和孢粉学资料，提出本属的起源是从近缘的当归属起源地横断山区沿着东北和东南两个方向迁移扩散，演化发展形成两个现代次生分布中心，一个是东北向具温带性广布型的分布中心(东北地区)，另一个是东南向具亚热带性特有种型的分布中心(华东地区)，两个分布中心之间有一个分化活跃、演化最高的纽带种一大齿山芹。 相似文献
16.
本文报道了当归属Angelica及3个近缘小属12种植物的核型，其中10种为首次报道。带岭当归A．dailingensis 2n＝22＝20m+2sm(SAT);丽江当属A．likiangensis 2n＝22＝18m+4sm; 青海当归A．nitida 2n＝22＝14m+4sm+4sm(SAT);林当归A．silvestris 2n＝22＝16m+4sm(SAT)+2st(SAT);紫花前胡A．decursiva 2n=22＝16m+4sm+2sm(SAT);秦岭当归A．tsinlingensis 2n＝22＝18m+4sm; 阿坝当归A．apaensis 2n＝22＝14m+6sm+2st(SAT);隆萼当归A．oncosepala2n＝4x＝44＝28m+12sm+4st，三小叶当归A．ternata 2n=22＝10m+8sm(SAT)+4st(SAT);柳叶芹Czernaevialaevigata 2n=22＝14m+6sm+2sm(SAT);短茎古当归Archangelica brevicaulis 2n＝22＝8m+2m(SAT)+4sm+4sm(SAT)+4st；高山芹Coelopleurum saxatile 2n＝28＝12m+6sm+10st。除带岭当归核型为1A型和高山芹为2B型外，其余种类均为2A型。根据染色体长度比和平均臂比绘制了本次和我们过去已报道的当归属及近缘属23种植物的核型散点图。据核型类型和近端着丝点的有无，把当归属20个种的核型分3组。并结合外部形态、花粉类型和地理分布，探讨了各近缘属的系统演化关系。 相似文献
17.
新种R．shuichengensis L，Liao有两种核型类型，即基本型2n=2x=16=4m+2sm+10st(2SAT)；杂合型2n=2x=16=4m+2sm+9st(1SAT)+1t(1SAT)，其核型和近缘种R．trigonus Hand．- Mazz.核型相似，但其随体染色体短臂比后者更小而不同。新变种R．silerifolius var．dolicanthus L. Liao核型(2n=2x=16=4m+2sm+10st(2SAT)与原变种Var．silerifolius不同。根据形态和染色体的特征，我们认为本文中两个新分类群和R．Trigonus是国产毛茛组中x=8至x=7的过渡类群。 相似文献
18.
四川宝兴地区几种豆科植物的染色体 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
洪德元 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(4):301-305
Meiosis and/or mitosis of six species of Fabaceae (Leguminosae) from
Baoxing County, Sichuan, China, were investigated. The voucher specimens are con-
served in PE. Eight pairs (n=8) and 10 chiasmata in meiosis of pollen mother cells
have been observed in Medicago lupulina L. (Pl. 1, A-C). Meiotic observation on
pollen mother cells in Lotus tenuis W. et K. shows 6 bivalents (n=6) in MI and 9 chias-
mata in diakinesis (Pl. 1, D-E). In this species 12 somatic chromosomes (2n=12) in
anther wall cells have also been observed. The chromosomal formula may be expressed
as 2n=12=8m+2sm+2smSAT (Pl. 1, F-G). In pollen mother cells of Vicia tetrasperma
(L.) Schreb., 7 bivalents in MI and 7 chromosomes in A II have been observed (Pl. 2,
A-B). From A II (Pl. 2, B, the inset on the right) the chromosomal formula, n=7=
2m+2sm+lstSAT+2t, may be constructed. Only three chromosomes in this karyotype may
be found to have counterparts in the one reported by Srivastava (1963), which shows
striking differences between these two karyotypes. Meiotic MI shows 7 pairs (n=7)
in Vicia hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray. Vicia sativa L. is very variable in its chromosomes.
Our observation shows 6 pairs (n=6) in MI and in diakinesis in pollen mother cells.
In Vicia villosa Roth, all the previous chromosome reports are 2n=14 or n=7, but the
result of our work shows that somatic chromosomes are 2n=12 in anther wall cells
(Pl. 3, D, E). The karyotype in our material (Pl. 3, E) is that the longest pair of chro-
mosomes are metacentric, the pairs 2-4 are terminal, 5 are metacentric and last pair
are submetacentric, differing vastly from the idiogram (Pl. 3, F) presented by Yama-
moto (1973). Therefore both the chromosome number and structure in our material
are greatly different from those in all the previous reports.
The evolutionary trends of chromosomes in the genus Vicia is discussed in the
work. Srivastava (1963) holds that the primitive basic number of chromosome in the
genus is 6 and thus both 5 and 7 are derived. The present author would propose ano-
ther possibility that 7 is the original basic number and the other numbers are derived
ones. First, as shown in Table 1, x=7 occurs in 47 per cent of species in the genus,
but 6 only in 28 per cent. Secondly, x=7 is predominant in the perennial and primitive
section Cracca. Thirdly, in genera related to the genus under consideration, such as
Lens, Pisum and Lathyrus, x=7 is also the predominant basic number. Fourthly, ac-
cording to Raven (1975) 7 is the primitive basic number in the angiosperms and x=
7, 8 and 9 are the predominant in the angiosperms. 相似文献