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1.
通过肇东市大型沼气项目的论述说明了发展大型沼气工程有利于改善农村能源结构、减少薪柴或秸秆、煤炭等能源的消耗,增加农村能源的供应。  相似文献   

2.
浅谈西藏牛羊粪、薪柴等传统生活能源替代   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
浅谈结合西藏实际,利用技术上成熟可靠、经济上合理可行、群众能够接受的水能、生物质能、太阳能、石油液化气或天然气、地热能等作为西藏牛羊粪、薪柴等传统生活能源的替代形式,改变城乡居民对传统能源的依赖,实现能源结构的转变,促进西藏能源可持续发展.  相似文献   

3.
西藏农牧民住户的能源资源和燃料资源主要有水力、地热、太阳能、风力、秸秆、薪柴、畜粪和煤炭等。西藏农牧民能源供应因能源在区域上分布不均匀、开发条件差、优质能源较少、能源供给困难和能源总体开发利用程度较低等因素的制约,使农牧民群众的日常能源供给仍以传统燃料为主,尤其是西藏农牧区燃料短缺、能源匮乏,农牧民群众一直以薪柴、牛粪等生物质能源作为燃料。  相似文献   

4.
刘悦 《西藏科技》2023,(4):30-34
采用抽样调查,对西藏牧区14个行政村的家庭能源消费现状及存在的问题进行了入户调查。调查数据表明,14个行政村的能源消费平均值为53880.90MJ,其中牛粪占92.36%,煤炭占6.24%,户用太阳能光伏系统电力占1.0%,国家电网电力占0.41%.电力使用率达到100%,成为牧区农村家庭必要能源,其中户用太阳能光伏系统占据主力,太阳能普及率较高,但仅占家庭能源总消费量的0.67%~1.54%.牧区农村家庭对传统生物质能依赖度极高,其次是煤炭,牧区农村家庭能源消费仍处于粗放低效的利用模式,对室内环境污染严重。随着家庭收入的提高,家庭能源消费总量增加,说明牧区农村家庭能源消费尚未达到峰值。为掌握西藏牧区农村家庭能源消费现状,为推动牧区农村家庭能源消费由高碳为主向低碳为主转变,实现清洁能源替代,制定相关政策提供了依据。  相似文献   

5.
农村能源结构由传统生物质能利用为主向现代化方向转化,生物质能发电是这种转化的重要途径.在中国,现阶段主要以秸秆发电、沼气发电与生物质气化发电为主,其中秸秆发电已经有了自己的一方市场,它也是生物质能发电的一种形式,通过在高温高压锅炉中直接燃烧经过预加工的秸秆产生热能,再进一步转化为电能,但在应用过程中仍存在不少问题需要解决,笔者根据多年的实践经验就秸秆发电的结合效益作下详细的阐述.  相似文献   

6.
该文以北京市西南山区蒲洼小流域为研究对象,在调查、收集、实测该小流域综合治理期间其坡地资源利用、生态环境、社会经济等资料的基础上,采用层次分析法和模糊综合评判法,以系统、综合、动态的观点分析了坡地资源合理利用对该小流域生态经济系统的影响.结果表明,示范区农、林、牧用地比例由治理前的1:13:5调整为1:6.0:5.1后,使土地利用率由原来的50.4%提高到97.7%;土壤侵蚀模数由治理前每年的905 t/km2下降到226 t/km2;地表径流量由853.4×104m3减少到542.5×104m3,降低了34.63%;每年可减少径流泥沙2.65 ×104t;水土流失治理率达86.9%.农、林、牧人均纯收入由1990年的347元/人提高到1996年730元/人,提高了110.37%.农村经济总收入1990年为678.7×104元,1996年实现了5 708.3×104元,是1990年的8.4倍.总之,经过5年~6年的治理后,浦洼小流域的生态经济系统水土流失得到治理,径流泥沙大幅减少,土地生产力提高,农民收入增加,抵御自然灾害能力增强,已基本达到了持续、稳定和协调发展的状态,表明优化土地利用、合理调整农村产业结构有利于山区小流域生态经济系统的稳定和持续发展.  相似文献   

7.
王新明 《西藏科技》2007,(10):28-28
长期以来,西藏农牧民用薪柴和畜粪作生活燃料,耗费了大量的劳动力,砍伐植被对青藏高原脆弱的生态环境造成了破坏,西藏传统能源的弊病已经显现,新能源的开发和利用迫在眉睫。沼气生态家园的成功利用示范,对我区开发利用新能源具有重大意义。  相似文献   

8.
李国柱  于歌  卢万合  牛叔文 《资源科学》2012,34(10):1839-1844
我国农村生活能源消费的区域差异明显。研究不同类型村落之间农村能源利用的差异性,有利于加强地方政府农村能源政策实施的针对性,真正做到因地制宜。本文通过问卷调查获取相关数据,研究了陇中黄土丘陵地区农村生活能源消费的村落差异。研究结果表明:陇中地区农村家庭生活能源消费的村落差异明显且具有鲜明的组合特征,即丘陵山区以秸秆为主,煤炭、畜粪、太阳能、薪柴和沼气为辅;半山区以煤炭为主,薪草、秸秆、太阳能和薪柴为辅;川区以煤炭主,薪草、秸秆和太阳能。丘陵山区户均消费秸秆最多,川区最少,半山区居中;丘陵山区冬季取暖以煨炕为主,半山区煨炕和火炉取暖并重,川区以火炉取暖为主。本文针对不同类型村落的用能特点,提出相应的农村能源建设模式,即:以"五配套"为主的丘陵山区模式,以"一池三改"为主的半山区模式,以"四位一体"为主的河谷川区模式,从而为地区发展、环境管理提供政策设计的依据。  相似文献   

9.
生物质能分布式利用发展趋势分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
分布式生物质能源技术对原料种类适应性强,项目规模灵活、可满足特殊用户的需求,在小规模下具有更好的经济性,更易于商业化发展,符合生物质资源特点和我国国情。生物质能分布式利用方式主要包括生物质成型燃料和生物燃气两方面,关键技术包括生物质成型燃料加工及燃烧、大中型沼气工程技术、生物质气化热解及燃气利用等。我国分布式生物质能源技术目前主要处于进行技术完善和应用示范阶段,预计到2030年前大部分关键技术将基本成熟,具备产业化的条件。我国分布式生物质能产业发展的主要方向是传统燃煤燃气替代、城镇/农村清洁生活能源供应和农村生态环境保护,发展重点是服务节能减排战略,利用生物质实现部分替代工业燃料,减少燃煤/燃油带来的污染,同时围绕国家新型城镇化战略,为新农村建设提供可持续的清洁能源,提高农村生态环境保护水平。目前制约分布式生物质能产业发展的最主要瓶颈是经济性和可靠性,国家应在技术创新和政策支持方面增加投入,将生物质能的环境效益和社会效益转化为成本效益,推动生物质能分布式利用产业的发展。  相似文献   

10.
我国农村有机废弃物资源及沼气潜力   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
我国农村每年有各类秸秆6.2×108t,除去40%用于饲料和其他工业原料外,若全部用于沼气发酵,每年可产沼气744×108m3。每年农村可有各种畜禽粪便34.781×108t(TS为20%),可产沼气1536.21×108m3。每年农村有人粪尿1.7×108t,可产沼气88.4×108t3。  相似文献   

11.
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.  相似文献   

12.
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.  相似文献   

13.
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.  相似文献   

14.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.  相似文献   

15.
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China's science enterprise by making S&T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party's Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.  相似文献   

16.
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.  相似文献   

17.
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."  相似文献   

18.
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.  相似文献   

19.
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.  相似文献   

20.
With the support of the National Basic Research Program (dubbed “973” Program), a research project entitled the “dynamic process of China's cryosphere, and the mechanism behind its impact on climate, hydrology and ecology” has recently been launched at the CAS Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CAREERI) in Lanzhou, capital of northwest China's Gansu Province, marking the inception of a systematic and allround exploration of the subject.  相似文献   

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