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1.
In this study we attempt to answer two questions: Is there a natural way to classify projects and what are the specific factors that influence the success of various kinds of projects? Perhaps one of the major barriers to understanding the reasons behind the success of a project has been the lack of specificity of constructs applied in project management studies. Many studies of project success factors have used a universalistic approach, assuming a basic similarity among projects. Instead of presenting an initial construct, we have employed a linear discriminant analysis methodology in order to classify projects. Our results suggest that project success factors are not universal for all projects. Different projects exhibit different sets of success factors, suggesting the need for a more contingent approach in project management theory and practice. In the analysis we use multivariate methods which have been proven to be powerful in many ways, for example, enabling the ranking of different managerial factors according to their influence on project success.  相似文献   

2.
It is often argued that the core of organizational success is efficient collaboration. Some authors even posit that efficient collaboration is more important to organizational innovation and performance than individual skills or expertise. However, the lack of efficient models to manage collaboration properly is a major constraint for organizations to profit from internal and external collaborative initiatives. Currently, much of the collaboration in organizations occurs through virtual network channels, such as e-mail, Yammer, Jabber, Microsoft Teams, Skype, and Zoom. These are even more important in situations where different time zones and even threats of a pandemic constrain face-to-face human interactions. This work introduces a multidisciplinary heuristic model developed based on project risk management and social network analysis centrality metrics graph-theory to quantitatively measure dynamic organizational collaboration in the project environment. A case study illustrates the proposed model's implementation and application in a real virtual project organizational context. The major benefit of applying this proposed model is that it enables organizations to quantitatively measure different collaborative, organizational, and dynamic behavioral patterns, which can later correlate with organizational outcomes. The model analyzes three collaborative project dimensions: network collaboration cohesion evolution, network collaboration degree evolution, and network team set variability evolution. This provides organizations an innovative approach to understand and manage possible collaborative project risks that may emerge as projects are delivered. Organizations can use the proposed model to identify projects' critical success factors by comparing successful and unsuccessful delivered projects' dynamic behaviors if a substantial number of both project types are analyzed. The proposed model also enables organizations to make decisions with more information regarding the support for changes in observed collaborative patterns as demonstrated by statistical models in general, and linear regressions in particular. Further, the proposed model provides organizations with a completely bias-free data-collection process that eliminates organizational downtime. Finally, applying the proposed model in organizations will reduce or eliminate the risks associated with virtual collaborative dynamics, leading to the optimized use of resources; this will transform organizations to become more lean-oriented and significantly contribute to economic, social, and environmental global sustainability.  相似文献   

3.
R&D项目选择模型和终止模型的比较   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
R&D项目的选择与终止是R&D管理中的两个重要问题。如何在众多的项目中选择一个或者多个,使其为企业带来最好的回报,最大限度的推动企业的发展,对企业领导和决策层来说是一个重要但又十分棘手的问题。同样,项目的中止也是一个十分棘手的问题,失败的项目往往会拖得很久而毫无结果,这无形中给企业带来了巨大的损失。如何及时的中止某些项目、减少项目的失败给企业带来的损失,是一个值得研究的课题。就项目本身来说,虽然项目的中止对技术的成功或失败影响甚小,但对客户、领导乃至项目小组来说,及时的从中吸取经验教训,则肯定是大有裨益的。文章首先分别给出了R&D项目选择模型和终止模型,然后对这两种模型进行了比较,分析了它们的实质性区别。  相似文献   

4.
软件的过程改进是一项长期系统的工程,急于求成必将导致失败。没有目标步骤地进行过程改进,只会浪费时间和增加项目的成本而不会取的很好的效果。如果我们把软件过程改进看做一个系统的工程项目,像其他项目一样,对它做详细的规划,确定项目改进的目标范围、按照一定的改进战略和具体的实施步骤进行,这样必将取得良好的效果。对软件的过程改进关键步骤方面进行研究。  相似文献   

5.
软件项目中普遍存在着很大的潜在风险和失败可能性,因此必须通过对风险的控制和管理来提高软件项目的成功概率。通过识别和评价软件项目的主要风险因素,找到提高项目目标实现度的有效途径,来提高我国软件项目的成功率和企业竞争力。  相似文献   

6.
基于开源软件项目发起人个体行为视角,以全球最大的开源软件代码托管平台GitHub上的8053组开源软件项目为研究对象,并随机收集了333位项目发起人问卷数据,探索项目发起人对项目绩效的影响及其作用机理,以及知识共享在二者之间的中介作用.研究发现:(1)开源软件项目发起人作为特殊开发者,其参与动机、个人价值观、个人影响力和创新意识对项目绩效具有显著正向影响,其中前两者比后两者的重要性更大;(2)开源社区内的知识共享对项目绩效起到了部分中介作用,高效的知识共享与清晰的知识流转过程对于项目最终质量起着至关重要的作用.研究表明,开源软件项目发起人对于促进开源社区的知识共享与提高项目绩效起到重要的影响作用,而知识共享在项目发起人与项目绩效之间具有中介效应.  相似文献   

7.
基于系统动力学理论,探究组织公民行为(Organizational Citizenship Behavior,OCB)对重大工程项目成功系统的影响,并提出有效的管理策略以提升重大工程项目成功的可能性.模拟结果表明,单项政策分析中,政治擢升的驱动效应比企业发展动机的驱动效应对OCB的提升以及项目成功的影响更大;而混合政策比单项政策对项目成功的提升效果更加显著,并且混合政策中通过对变量的数值组合设置更进一步揭示政治擢升的驱动效应对于项目成功的重要性.  相似文献   

8.
软件规模估计是CMMI成熟度三级项目策划过程域的基础,是影响软件项目成败的关键因素之一。合理的软件规模估计是保证软件项目符合预算和进度要求的前提条件。描述了基于CMMI模型的软件项目估计,提供了5种软件规模估计方法及相关过程,并对各种方法的应用范围进行了分析。提出的5种软件规模估计方法为制定合理可行的软件开发计划提供了有力的支持。  相似文献   

9.
项目教学法在Flash动画教学中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
项目教学是基于生产实践的教学模式,目的是让学生在独立或协作完成某一任务中去学习和应用知识。Flash动画教学引进项目教学模式,将改变传统教学中重理论轻实践的现象,培养学生的各种能力使其能够符合企业的需要和社会发展的需求。  相似文献   

10.
This study investigates the antecedents and consequences of team learning, which is composed of information acquisition, dissemination, and implementation, in information technology (IT) implementation projects. By investigating 129 IT implementation project teams, we found that (1) information acquisition and information dissemination have a positive impact on project outcomes, such as speed-to-users, lower implementation cost, and operational effectiveness, and (2) team behavior and enabler variables, such as teamwork, team communication, interpersonal trust between team members, team commitment, and senior manager support, positively influence team learning. We also found that team anxiety moderates the relationship between team learning and project outcomes.  相似文献   

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