共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 515 毫秒
1.
摘要：专利制度已成为建设创新型国家的重要制度保证,其推动科技进步的作用在实践中已得到充分体现,但二者之间相互依存关系的密切程度还没有定量研究。本文选择专利授权率、发明专利授权量、专利有效累计量等10个专利表征指标,基于面板数据,采用灰色关联分析法定量研究了这些指标与科技进步的关联性。结果表明专利与科技进步有着很大的关联性,并且专利制度的不同运用方式对科技进步的贡献度明显不同,表现为不同的专利指标和科技进步的关联性不一样,其中专利授权率与科技进步关联度最大,而专利授权量、PCT申请量与科技进步的关联度相对较小。
相似文献
2.
论述江苏省专利的总体情况和江苏省科技进步总体状况,并将两者进行对比,选取专利申请量、专利授权量、发明专利申请量和发明专利授权量四个指标,利用SPSS软件计算出其与科技进步水平指数的相关系数,并建立回归模型,以便科学地认识和了解专利作用科技进步的具体途径,科学控制相关因素,实现专利促使科技进步的作用最大化。 相似文献
3.
专利的技术新兴度与其技术影响力间关系研究 《科学学研究》2022,40(6):1034-1043
识别具有发展潜力的新兴技术和最具价值的新兴技术主体已成为各利益相关方关注的重点。美国的FUSE项目提出了“技术新兴度”这一指标,实现了对新兴技术（主体）的定量评估。在此基础上,本文以专利为研究对象,引入文献计量学、计量经济学等相关方法,在对专利的技术新兴度进行计算的基础上,从定量角度探究专利的技术新兴度与其技术影响力间的关系,并使用纳米载药领域的专利数据进行实证分析。研究表明,专利的技术影响力与其技术新兴度间存在显著的正相关关系,即技术新兴度越高的专利可能对后续的技术发展产生更大的影响和推动作用,且这种新兴技术思想（新兴术语）对专利技术影响力的提高作用具有一定的持久性（至少3年）。本研究为新兴技术的定量研究、高质量专利的挖掘以及我国政府或企业相关科技策略的制定提供了重要的参考。 相似文献
4.
针对我国有关专利和科技进步的研究只有定性描述的现状,借助于SPSS软件,利用回归分析法,选取各个省区的专利申请量、专利授权量、专利有效累计量、各地区专利实施许可备案量、专利纠纷立案量等指标数据,计算出其与科技进步水平指数的相关系数,并建立回归模型,以便科学地认识和了解专利作用科技进步的具体途径,科学控制相关因素,实现专利促使科技进步的作用最大化。 相似文献
5.
This paper follows a bibliometric method for nanowire case to make evident the technological trends; to present the relationship between patents; to help the researchers to discover relatively significant patents and to analyse important relationships between patents to identify those with most commercial potential and those which are critical technologies. This research focuses on the nanowire case study due to fact that this field is one of the most mature nanostructures and is one of the highly invested fields in nanotechnology. In terms of methodological approach, this study uses a different patent collection method than previous studies. This new method offers a new taxonomy that could make a significant impact on accurate patent data quests and increase the reliability of the patent analyses. As patent data are valuable sources of technology innovation and for forecasting technical change, this study utilises nanowire patent documents to pick out the technological trends, to identify nanowire technologies which both have the most commercial potential and which are critical at the organisational, national and international levels. 相似文献
6.
本文在理论上分析互联网发展对技术创新的可能影响机制,利用2007—2014年我国230个地级市的面板数据,通过主成分分析法构建了互联网发展指数。并进一步应用工具变量法实证研究了互联网发展对技术创新产生的影响及其内在传导机制。本文采用1984年各城市每百人固定电话数量与电信投资量的交互项作为研究的工具变量。实证表明：（1）无论从专利数据还是城市创新指数来看,互联网发展都显著促进了技术创新;（2）互联网发展加速了专利的折旧速度,有利于提高创新知识的更新速度;（3）互联网发展加快信息的传播,提升了专利的国内外引用,显著增加了创新知识的溢出。本文为我国“互联网＋”行动计划、创新型国家建设奠定了理论与事实基础。 相似文献
7.
Scientific breakthroughs coming from universities can contribute to the emergence of new industries, such as in the case of biotechnology. Obviously, not all research conducted in universities leads to a radical change from existing technological trajectories. Patents and patent dynamics have long been recognized as critical in understanding the emergence of new technologies and industries. Specifically, patent citations provide insight into the originality of a discovery that has received patent protection. Yet while a large body of literature addresses the impact of patent originality on various firm performance measures, we address the question of what conditions drive patent originality in the process of knowledge creation within the university. Using data on patented cancer research, we examine how research context – as reflected by the funding source for each scientist – is associated with patent originality. We find that when university scientists are partly funded by their own university, they have a higher propensity to generate more original patents. By contrast, university scientists funded either by industry or other non-university organizations have a lower propensity to generate more original patents. The significance of our findings in the cancer research setting call for further research on this question in other research fields. 相似文献
8.
Despite the economic significance of patented university research, it is difficult to measure the economic value of academic patented inventions and observe the extent to which universities are able to capture such value through patent licensing. Moving beyond assessing commercialization performance by simple statistics, we propose a new approach to benchmarking university patents and commercialization performance based on comparative corporate patent value. Our procedure involves matching university patents to patents with similar patent characteristics granted to public corporations, then estimating the “potential value” of these university patents by stock market reactions to grants of the matched corporate patents. These estimated values of university patents can significantly explain the technology-level income from licensing by a leading US research university and the annual licensing income of the member universities of the Association of University Technology Managers’ (AUTM). We find that AUTM universities realize an average of 16% of the estimated value of matched corporate patents. We also investigate correlates of university‐level potential patent value and suggest avenues for future research. 相似文献
9.
David Tan 《Research Policy》2010,39(1):89-102
Patent applicants and examiners do not always have the same views about what constitutes a patent's relevant prior art. We propose that the processes of categorization and classification variably shape the interface between applicants and examiners by influencing assessments of similarity between new and existing technologies. Some inventions sit in technological domains that cut across the categorical boundaries implied by examiners’ patterns of specialization. Some sit in domains wherein the classification system that guides examiner searches is more volatile. In either of these circumstances, heightened ambiguity leads to more examiner-added citations on patents that are granted. We test and confirm our predictions in a sample of patents granted to semiconductor firms in 2005. 相似文献
10.
专利收费制度是专利制度正常运行的核心机制之一，该制度通过调整专利行为影响专利制度的运行绩效，研究专利收费制度对专利行为的影响，对中国创新驱动发展战略和知识产权强国建设具有重要意义。通过文献研究发现：专利收费制度对专利申请行为、专利维持行为以及其他专利行为产生负向影响，而且不同国家或者同一国家不同时期的这种影响水平存在一定差异；二是专利收费制度对专利行为的影响值得重视，但同时要注意其影响限度。 相似文献
11.
Julien Penin 《Research Policy》2005,34(5):641-656
Economic studies that aim at comparing the patent system social efficiency versus an ex post reward system rest on an outdated view of patents. They assume that firms use the patent system only in order to be granted a short-term commercial monopoly rent. This assumption is convenient because it allows straightforward comparisons between patents and rewards but it is not confirmed by empirical studies, which stress that in many industries most firms use patents as strategic devices to trade technologies and to ease R&D collaborations. This change leads to rethinking the framework of the patent-reward debate. 相似文献
12.
分析中国医药领域专利知识吸收和扩散演化规律及知识吸收对知识扩散影响,有助于快速选择并吸收相关资源,为加大基础研究投入强度提供数据支撑,为科技资源整合策略提供支持。本文以2000—2014年美国专利商标局收录的中国医药领域2326件专利及其引用的43 822篇专利文献、35 573篇论文文献为研究对象,从专利知识吸收及知识扩散两个角度出发,采用多元方差分析、零膨胀负二项回归及多元线性回归进行多维度分析。结果表明：专利知识吸收逐年增加,但知识扩散并未形成稳定趋势;不同时间段内知识吸收及扩散各测度指标显著不同;专利文献知识吸收数量、质量及论文文献知识吸收质量均对专利知识扩散产生负向影响;吸收论文知识构件对专利知识扩散产生正向影响;吸收论文数量与知识扩散广度、强度负相关;吸收专利知识构件与知识扩散广度正相关,但与知识扩散强度与速度均无相关关系;专利及论文文献知识吸收新颖性对知识扩散广度、强度及速度均无影响。 相似文献
13.
We examine patent licensing business models of non-practicing entities that generate revenue by selling, licensing, or litigating patents. They may also pursue R&D activities, invent new technologies, or provide services to inventors or product companies. We describe their business models and patent market behavior and then compare their litigation strategies against product companies using a matched sample of highly comparable patents. The main differences among patent licensing firms stem from their technological capabilities, patent portfolio sizes, and external relationships. We find that licensing firms with technological capabilities often pursue litigation until decision and engage in forum shopping. In contrast, litigation incidence, parties involved, and outcomes are primarily determined by patent characteristics, not entity types. Licensing business models drive the acquisition of certain types of patents that influence the outcomes of the patent system. We argue that patent policy should strengthen mechanisms to discover invention quality rather than focus on the amount of litigation or types of entities. 相似文献
14.
Matthew S. Clancy 《Research Policy》2018,47(1):252-265
I develop a model of innovation where new technologies are combinations of pre-existing technological components. The model captures two opposing forces. The best ideas are used up (knowledge is exhaustible). However, as firms learn which technologies can be combined, new ideas become feasible (knowledge accumulates). I test the model with more than 80 years of US patent data. Technological components are proxied by 13,517 patent office technology classifications. These are reused and recycled in 10,000 distinct three-component sets. Consistent with a learning/fishing-out dynamic, I show patenting in one set of components is correlated with a subsequent increase in similar patents (sharing two of three components), but a subsequent decrease in identical patents (sharing all three components). I use patent renewal data to show my results are not driven by changes in demand for various technology bundles. My results suggest the positive impact of learning on subsequent patenting is larger than the negative impact of fishing out. 相似文献
15.
16.
随着我国发明专利申请数量的迅猛增加,如何通过事前和事后指标测度并识别技术和经济价值高的突破性技术发明就成为学术界面临的焦点问题。针对我国专利普遍缺乏引文信息的现状,本文利用专利的国际专利分类（IPC）信息构建两两专利相似度指标,并引入时间维度对过去、当前以及未来三个时间段的专利相似度比较,测度专利的新颖性、独特性和影响力,从而构建突破性技术发明的综合识别方案。然后,以纳米技术为例,利用美国专利商标局（USPTO）在1975-2015年的授权发明专利数据进行实证检验。结果表明：（1）基于专利IPC四位和六位分类的相似度指标分别可以识别出6.23%和5.06%的纳米技术专利为突破性技术发明;（2）基于专利相似度识别的突破性技术发明与基于专利被引数识别的突破性技术发明具有显著的正相关关系,但是,两类识别方法得到的结果中仅有不足总样本的0.5%是相同的,表明以往单纯依赖专利被引数据识别突破性技术发明可能存在一定偏差;（3）对突破性技术发明来源特征的实证检验表明,基于专利相似度和基于专利被引数的突破性技术发明的发明人和组织来源特征基本一致,而发明层面的知识来源特征呈现不一致的结果,进一步反映出两类识别方案的差异性。本文基于专利相似度构建的突破性技术发明识别方案既为企业在实践中挖掘和利用高价值的发明专利提供参考,也对未来突破性技术发明相关研究达成一致结论具有重要意义。 相似文献
17.
高校科技成果是地方和国家科技进步、经济发展的重要推动力,高校科技成果的转化基础和转化水平可以较好地反应高校科技成果的转化实力。通过湖南高校专利信息的客观分析结果揭示的专利质量了解湖南高校的科技成果转化基础,通过产学研合作情况、有效专利实施率等了解其转化水平。发现湖南高校96%的专利权利要求数量不到10项、有效专利的专利保护范围偏小、96%的失效专利因未缴年费而终止、专利代理质量未进行统一管理、有效专利实施率偏低。高校传统的被动式、登记式的科研管理模式,以及仅注重科技成果转化利益分配的机制并不利于培育市场需要的高质量专利,也不利于形成促进科技成果转化的生态系统。应用型项目应推动"市场后拉式"的研发模式,专利资助政策向有转化前景的高质量专利倾斜,各高校应建立基于专利全生命周期的科技成果转化机制提升高校专利质量、提高科技成果转化水平。 相似文献
18.
专利市场是经济活动中效率最为低下的市场之一。一方面,专利属于无形资产,很难评判其价值。另一方面,由于信息不对称,市场参与双方（发明人和使用者）均面临很大的搜寻和交易成本。然而较少有文献实证记录这些市场摩擦所带来的后果。本文记录中国个人专利申请的一个特别现象：与企业专利相比,个人专利被广泛认为质量较差;然而另一方面,个人专利在授权后的维持时间却长于企业专利。本文认为专利市场摩擦可以一定程度上解释该现象：由于搜索成本和信息不对称,相对于企业来说,个人发明人需要更长时间才能将其专利许可或转让给可以商业化的公司。个人发明人往往需要这些转让收益来收回发明的投资成本,为此他们会努力寻求潜在的授予方,而不得不维持专利到更长的时间。 本文提供一些实证证据来支持这个假说。在专利质量比较过程中,本文基于中国国家知识产权局的数据库,整理并建立了中国专利申请的详细数据并构建了若干质量指标。同时,作者利用谷歌专利数据库补充了专利权利要求项数量和专利引证这两个指标,为中国专利质量分析、知识传递与溢出提供了重要的数据来源。 相似文献
19.
不同于以往运用CITESPACE软件主要依据被引频次、中介性、突现性等指标识别互联网+、智能制造等前沿技术领域和核心技术领域,从投入产出分析的视角,以专利为研究对象,即引用其他专利是投入或消耗,而发表的专利是产出,运用投入产出方法分析新能源的前沿技术领域和核心技术领域,最后通过敏感性分析得到新能源各个领域对整体新能源领域的影响程度。文章的专利数据来源于德温特专利数据库(Derwent Innovation Index,DII),利用Python编程语言提取出专利的PN字段和CP字段信息,并在SQL数据库进行匹配,从而得到一种能源领域引用另外一种能源领域的专利数量。在此基础上构建专利引用矩阵,通过技术感应力系数的测算得出海洋能是新能源开发和研究的前沿技术领域,影响力系数的测算得出太阳能技术领域属于新能源技术领域的核心技术领域且太阳能技术领域专利数量变化对整个新能源领域专利变化影响程度最大。 相似文献
20.
We develop a valid definition of technological radicalness which states that a successful radical invention is: (1) novel; (2) unique; and (3) has an impact on future technology. The first two criteria allow us to identify potentially radical inventions ex ante market introduction; adding the third condition, we can ex post determine if an invention served as an important change agent. Empirically testable condition selected 6 of 581 tennis racket patents granted between 1971 and 2001. Two of the identified patents - the oversized and the wide-body rackets - are considered radical inventions by industry experts. Applying our definition and operationalization would allow researchers to achieve greater generalizability across studies, avoid endogenous definitions of radicalness, and study predictors of market success for radical inventions. 相似文献