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从社会网络特征即网络关系强度入手,构建结构方程模型研究其对产业集群竞争优势的影响关系。实证研究表明,网络关系强度对产业集群竞争优势有显著的正向影响;网络关系强度通过技术创新对产业集群竞争优势产生的影响大于不通过中介变量产生的直接影响;网络关系强度是影响产业集群竞争优势的四个因素中最为重要的因素。因此,网络结构下的产业集群若能通过提高互惠性,扩大合作交流范围和增加接触的机会来加强网络关系强度,将能更好地提升其整体的竞争优势。 相似文献
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Effective teamwork, knowledge coordination, and knowledge creation are recognized as essential sources of team effectiveness and creativity in modern organizations. Nowadays, social media is significantly modifying the patterns in the use of technology to support knowledge management practices in teams. At the same time, the literature shows that transactive memory system (TMS), which refers to how team members share their distributed knowledge and expertise, is an important factor affecting team performance. However, minimal effort has been made to elaborate on the precise role of social media in supporting TMS for enhancing absorptive capacity (ACAP) and knowledge creation capability (KCC) of the team, which in turn might influence team creative performance (TCP). Therefore, to address this gap in the literature, a theoretical model is developed and validated. Survey data collected from 334 members of 68 knowledge work teams indicated that social media use at work has a positive relationship with TMS and both social media use at work and TMS are positively related to ACAP and KCC of the team. Results further indicated that ACAP positively influenced KCC, and both have a direct relationship with TCP. This study shows that careful investment in social media by an organization can enhance meta-knowledge of “who knows what” within teams. Finally, exploring external knowledge alone is not enough. Instead, organizations must ensure external knowledge is utilized to create new knowledge to improve TCP. 相似文献
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Knowledge teams have emerged in online health communities (OHCs) where physicians collaborate spontaneously with others through the Internet to gather knowledge. Knowledge collaboration (KC) facilitates physicians’ communication and the provision of better services to patients in today's medical environment. However, the underlying mechanism through which KC improves team performance in OHCs is not clear. This study aims to advance understanding of the KC process by exploring the role of the transactive memory system (TMS). Real operation data from 1071 teams in a leading OHC in China used to understand both the antecedent and consequences of the TMS and the interaction effects among different dimensions of TMS. The findings have demonstrated that leader's capital was a critical factor in KC by promoting the effective TMS development and further affect both team's process and outcome performance. Positive moderating effects of coordination on the relationship between credibility and performance are also found. This study reveals for the first time the role of KC in improving performance in online health markets from the TMS perspective. The findings provide theoretical guidance to physician–physician collaborative teams with guidelines on boosting chances for higher performance. 相似文献
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在经济转型与技术创新改革发展新阶段,构建跨功能团队成为组织获得持续竞争优势的关键路径,开发与培养跨功能团队创造力也因此受到学术界与企业界的广泛关注。通过对西安高新技术开发区软件园内27家中小科技型企业的75个跨功能团队的深入调研,将内隐协调引入个体—组织匹配与跨功能团队创造力关系中,探讨个体—组织匹配对跨功能团队创造力的影响机制,并将内部人身份感知作为调节变量进行实证分析。结果表明:个体—组织匹配度越好、内隐协调水平越高,越容易激发跨功能团队创造力;个体—组织匹配通过内隐协调对跨功能团队创造力的影响效果显著;成员内部人身份感知程度越高,内隐协调在个体—组织匹配与跨功能团队创造力之间的中介作用越强。据此,提出了跨功能团队创造力提升的针对性建议。 相似文献
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本文就知识型团队的网络结构、知识整合以及团队绩效之间的关系进行了实证研究.研究表明:知识整合对团队绩效有显著的积极影响;工具性社会网络密度对知识整合有显著的积极影响;工具性社会网络非中心度对知识整合有U型的影响关系;信任对于知识整合具有显著的积极影响;信任在情感性社会网络密度和网络非中心度对知识整合的作用中起到完全的中介作用.在此基础上,提出了对管理实践的启示和建议. 相似文献
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The relational antecedents of project-entrepreneurship: Network centrality, team composition and project performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The relational antecedents of project-based enterprises have not yet received systematic investigation. These ventures are typically created by individual freelancers who are usually embedded in networks of collaborative relationships that convey the information and resources required to carry out new projects. Using a relational perspective of entrepreneurial discovery and team composition, we analyze the performance determinants of project-entrepreneurs, namely the individuals who are responsible for launching and carrying out those projects. We argue that project-entrepreneurs’ performance is related to their degree of centrality within the social network, and their familiarity with the selected project-team as captured by the distribution of ties among team members. We test our hypotheses within the Hollywood Film Industry over the period 1992–2003. The findings point to the existence of diminishing returns to centrality and performance benefits from assembling teams that combine old-timers and newcomers. The theoretical contributions and implications of the study are discussed. 相似文献
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创新团队中,成员的交互记忆系统反映了团队成员基于对彼此掌握的知识的认知而形成的分工协作机制,对于团队的创新绩效具有重要影响。而团队成员之间的信任关系与网络嵌入特征则是构成了影响交互记忆系统形成与发展的关键因素。本文在探讨交互记忆系统对创新团队绩效作用效果的基础上,重点分析了信任不对称对交互记忆系统的影响机制,并考虑了以团队及成员的网络嵌入特征表现出的在其中的边界效应。本文选择某高校学生组成的移动应用软件项目设计团队开展实验研究。研究发现：首先,交互记忆系统对创新团队绩效具有显著的积极影响,其作用机制可归纳为团队创造力提升、任务效率改善提高和成员满意度改善三条路径;其次,信任不对称不利于交互记忆系统的形成与发展。信任不对称会触发团队成员的知识隐藏行为,不利于对彼此知识的识别、检索和协调,阻碍交互记忆系统的有效运行;再者,成员之间的社会网络具有显著的边界效应。网络中心性能够显著削弱信任不对称对交互记忆系统的抑制作用,但同时降低了交互记忆系统对团队绩效的积极贡献。本文研究结论不仅能够从交互记忆系统视角拓展了创新团队绩效驱动机制的相关研究,还有利于从网络嵌入视角揭示了交互记忆系统驱动创新团队绩效的边界条件,对于提升团队和企业创新绩效具有重要的实践意义。 相似文献
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Minna JanhonenAuthor Vitae Jan-Erik JohansonAuthor Vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(3):217-225
This study aims to find out how different processes of knowledge management and patterns of social networking affect team performance. Our data on teams originate from a sample of different organizations from a variety of both public and private industries in Finland (76 teams; 499 employees). One of the main deficiencies in the current literature on knowledge and networks is that they tend to concentrate on specific types of teams in a single organization context. Our aim was to put the team phenomenon into an everyday context by analysing the interplay of knowledge creation and social networks in teams which function on a permanent basis in a variety of industry contexts. Both knowledge creation and social networking contributed to performance, but the results showed that whereas team members see the knowledge conversion processes as central to performance, top management emphasize the importance of social networks in value creation. In our examination, lively interaction between team members, combined with team leaders’ intra-organizational networks, contributed to team performance. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the composition of creative teams of academic scientists engaged in inventive activity. Our data provides a unique opportunity to explore the links between team composition and commercialization outcomes. We find that there are coordination costs associated with reaching across academic departments and organizational boundaries to build teams. However, we also find evidence of benefits due to knowledge diversity, particularly in the cases of truly novel combinations. In support of internal cohesion arguments, we find that performance improves with the experience of the team. In line with arguments regarding the value of diverse external networks, we find that teams that are composed of members from multiple institutions - focal university, other research institution, and/or industry - are more successful in generating patents, licenses, and royalties. Finally, we find that the presence of prior social ties supporting links with external team members positively influences commercial outcomes. We find that there is no benefit to proximity in team configuration. 相似文献
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在中国转型经济背景下,构建了企业外部社会联系(商业联系和政治联系)对其自主创新影响的作用机理和理论框架,并应用多元层次回归模型对270家中国企业进行实证研究,得出结论:社会联系的两个子维度对自主创新的影响不同,即商业联系和自主创新之间存在倒U型关系,政治联系与自主创新之间存在正相关关系;知识创造在商业联系与自主创新之间存在部分中介作用,在政治联系与自主创新之间存在完全中介作用。这对企业利用外部社会联系促进知识管理,从而提升企业自主创新具有重要的理论和实践意义。 相似文献
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In this study, we explore the coordination performance of the geographically distributed software development teams by exploring OSS (Open Source Software) development dataset available through SourceForge.com. OSS team structures have traditionally been geographically dispersed and therefore, the coordination of post release activities such as testing efforts have been carried out by means of communication via electronic forms, such as email or message boards and forums. In our current communication-enriched environment, best practices for coordination are adopted by all software projects yet some still fail to achieve their target performance. Does team structure have any bearing on the performance outcome of the project? How does the communication between teams and their external parties affect ultimate success or failure of projects? We seek to answer above questions by applying existing theories and analytical methods from social networks for exploring the coordination performance of defect management activities found in OSS projects. We propose social networks based theoretical model for exploring distributed coordination structure and apply that for the case of OSS defect management process for exploring the structural properties, which induce the greatest coordination performance. The outcome of our suggest that there is correlation between certain network measures such as density, centrality and betweenness and coordination performance measures of defect management systems such as quality and timeliness. 相似文献
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创业者的社会网络关系与自我效能感是影响初创企业绩效的重要因素.本研究通过调查问卷方式收集中国企业孵化器在孵企业及创业者数据,运用结构方程模型,对科技创业者的社会网络关系强度、创业自我效能感与科技型初创企业绩效之间关系进行了实证研究.研究发现:科技创业者的强关系对初创企业绩效具有显著的正向影响;弱关系对初创企业绩效的影响并不显著;强关系与弱关系对创业自我效能感均有显著的正向影响;科技创业者的创业自我效能感对初创企业绩效具有显著的正向影响. 相似文献
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Xiaogang Chen Xue Li Jan Guynes Clark Glenn B. Dietrich 《International Journal of Information Management》2013
The extant studies have not empirically examined the possible team cognitive mechanisms that facilitate knowledge sharing in OSS teams, even though knowledge sharing is a cognitive task and an OSS team is a complex cognitive system. To fill this research gap, we adopt the perspective of transactive memory system (TMS) to explore the relationships among TMS, knowledge sharing, communication quality, and technical achievement of OSS teams. By analyzing data from 95 OSS projects with the partial least squares (PLS) method, our study demonstrates that several TMS dimensions have positive impacts on knowledge sharing behaviors and communication quality. Moreover, communication quality positively influences technical achievement of OSS teams. These findings provide useful implications for literature and practice. 相似文献
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摘要：当代企业的发展越来越依赖于创新型员工与创新型团队,影响团队创新绩效的主要因素一直是研究者关注的热点。本文以企业中的工作团队为研究对象,将团队创新气氛因素纳入到团队层次目标取向对创新绩效影响的研究中。通过对70个团队样本(70个团队主管,352个团队成员)的调查分析,得出实证研究结果：团队目标取向与主管目标取向的各维度对团队创新绩效会产生不同的影响,团队创新气氛在该影响过程中扮演了部分中介功能;团队学习目标取向与主管回避失败取向对团队创新绩效具有交互作用。最后讨论了本研究的结论、局限性及展望。 相似文献
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Abstract A critical success factor for businesses in the twenty‐first century will be their ability to meet the environmental demands for complex coordination of action and rapid adjustments to volatile markets and global competition. Business teams are effective mechanisms for addressing the need for dynamic, flexible organizations that can effectively cope with complexity and turbulence. Business teams are not a new phenomenon, but there is a new element in the equation: the use of information technologies (IT) to leverage team effort. Information technologies can enhance team performance through support of interaction processes by providing two types of functionality: coordination support and task execution support. An agenda for action for moving forward a team‐based organization and use of information technologies for support of business teams is provided. 相似文献
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企业网络与组织间学习的关系链模型 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
提出了企业网络与组织间学习的关系链模型,该模型包括两个方面：企业网络形成的组织间学习观和企业网络的组织间学习功能。前者包括企业竞争优势的知识驱动、企业缄默知识的高转移障碍以及企业网络转移缄默知识的有效性和高效性。后者包括企业网络的知识平台效应、学习途径关系及其提供的学习保障机制。 相似文献
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运用自组织理论和利益相关者理论来描述科技型中小企业技术创新绩效在资本结构与企业社会资本关系研究中的中介作用,通过实证研究,得出以下结论:(1)科技型中小企业资本结构与技术创新绩效具有负相关关系;(2)科技型中小企业技术创新绩效对企业社会资本中的强关系和弱关系具有正向促进作用,对弱关系的正向促进作用强于对强关系的正向促进作用;(3)科技型中小企业技术创新绩效在资本结构对企业社会资本网络关系影响中起完全中介作用. 相似文献
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草地租赁是中国牧区草地流转的主要途径。探讨影响牧户草地租赁行为的因素,健全和完善草地租赁市场,对于维持草原生态平衡、提高牧户收入、促进牧区繁荣和稳定,具有重要意义。本文基于青海省门源县4个村的实地调研数据,构建牧户社会网络,以强关系和弱关系两类社会网络结构特征指标,代替传统的个体社会资本指标,利用Heckman两阶段模型,实证检验社会网络对牧户草地租入倾向和强度的影响。结果表明：①建立在血缘、地缘、亲缘等关系基础上,具有潜在规则约束力的强关系,显著提高了牧户草地租入倾向和租入强度;②反映牧户在村集体内的权利、地位,高效率传递非冗余、异质性信息的弱关系,有助于打破草地租赁市场的“隐形壁垒”和“准入限制”,也能够显著提高牧户草地租入倾向和租入强度。政府应积极培育牧民专业合作社与畜牧业生产企业,定期举办各类民族传统文化活动,营造互信互助互惠的牧区文化环境,充分发挥社会网络在发展草地租赁市场和实现牧区乡村振兴中的作用。 相似文献