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三汪平原湿地对净化环境、控制水土流失、降解有毒废水,维持三江平原区域生态平衡起着重大的作用,它是亚洲东部野生鸟类非常重要的迁徙停歇地和繁殖地,此外,还有大量的昆虫、水生生物资源,生物多样性极其丰富,在国际湿地、水鸟和生物多样性保护方面都具有重要意义。因此对三江平原湿地的保护是十分重要的,也是十分必要的。 相似文献
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湿地素有"地球之肾"之称。与森林、海洋一起并称为全球三大生态系统。湿地是具有较高的生态价值和生产力的区域,是生物多样性最丰富的生态系统,在持续地提供食物、原材料和水资源,控制污染、蓄洪防涝、抗旱、调节区域气候、控制土壤侵蚀、美化环境、保护生物多样性以及发展农业和畜牧业等方面均起着重要作用。它既是天然蓄水库,又是众多野生动物,特别是珍稀水禽的繁殖地和栖息地,它还可以给人类提供水和食物,与人类生存息息相关,在全球湿地生物多样性保护中占据了极其重要的位置。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲是国际重要水鸟停歇地,由于受自然因素和人类活动的影响,该地区水鸟栖息地面积不断减少,生物多样性不断降低。通过引用淡水对栖息地进行恢复,能大大提高水鸟的生境质量,增加水鸟的多样性。然而该地区淡水资源短缺,农业、工业和生活用水量大,生态用水量严重不足,如何因地制宜地利用淡水、海水和废水资源,发挥湿地保护生物多样性及净化环境的功能成为水鸟栖息地恢复的关键问题。本文总结了黄河三角洲的水鸟多样性及其生境需求,归纳了水资源的应用现状。在淡水资源短缺情况下,使用淡水、海水和废水3种不同水源补给湿地时,水鸟及其栖息地的特征和面临的挑战。结合水鸟迁徙、黄河来水的时间特征、水鸟栖息地斑块尺度和区域尺度需求特征、不同水源的用水现状、恢复效果及空间分布特征等要素,提出了综合利用海水、淡水和废水对区域和斑块尺度的生境类型进行配置的生态补水恢复模式,建议斑块尺度重点考虑水深及水面植被比例,区域尺度重点考虑水资源分布及自然和人工不同类型湿地的空间优化配置,最后从多样性维持以及不同水资源综合有效利用方面提出了未来研究展望。本文结果旨在为黄河三角洲湿地恢复和水鸟生物多样性提高提供科学依据。 相似文献
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长期生态学监测和研究揭示了北亚热带森林生物多样性和生态系统的结构功能及维持机制,阐明了干扰对生物多样性和生态系统的影响过程;凝练出神农架自然遗产的全球突出价值,构建的"廊道-踏脚石-关键栖息地"保护体系提升了自然保护地的生态系统原真性和完整性;提出了重点生态功能区生物多样性保护和生态恢复的关键技术体系及应用模式。长期生态学研究为我国亚热带山地森林生态系统研究和生物多样性保护、生态建设和经济社会可持续发展提供基础理论和技术支撑。 相似文献
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青藏高原是我国乃至亚洲的重要生态安全屏障区和全球生物多样性保护的热点地区，保障生态安全是青藏高原生态保护的核心任务。青藏高原物种丰富但受威胁物种多。近15年来青藏高原生态安全屏障生态系统格局稳定，生态系统质量整体趋好，水源涵养、土壤保持和防风固沙服务均得以提升，生态退化趋势得到遏制，自然保护地建设和生态保护建设工程对提升生态屏障功能发挥了关键作用。然而，受气候暖湿化和人类活动影响，青藏高原生态安全屏障仍然面临退化草地面积大，以及冻土面积萎缩、沼泽湿地减少、部分生物栖息地退化、外来物种入侵、局部生态系统退化等生态风险。为了进一步保护青藏高原生态安全屏障功能，建议优化调整自然保护地空间格局，建立以国家公园群为主体的自然保护地体系和加快实施青藏高原生态安全屏障保护修复工程。 相似文献
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滨海湿地具有较高的生物多样性,是重要经济鱼类资源的产卵场、索饵场和越冬场,也为湿地鸟类提供食物和栖息环境,是地球上生态系统服务价值最高的生态系统类型。同时,滨海湿地也是人类活动最为集中的地区之一,已成为全球变化的生态脆弱带和环境变化敏感区。中国科学院黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态试验站(以下简称"黄河三角洲站")围绕我国滨海和河口湿地环境保护与生态建设国家战略科技需求,致力于滨海湿地生态环境保护与可持续发展,以陆-海相互作用过程、湿地保护与可持续利用为主线,基于长期定位监测和野外控制试验,量化了滨海湿地生态系统碳汇现状、规律及其驱动机制,明确了水文过程与水盐运移对滨海湿地碳循环过程的影响;揭示了滨海湿地生态系统结构与功能对气候变化和人类活动的响应与适应规律;构建了退化滨海湿地生态修复技术体系,提出了"健康滨海湿地"理论与技术模式,研发了滨海湿地生态修复关键技术,实现滨海湿地保护与利用的协同发展,丰富和发展具有区域特色的滨海湿地生态学。这些研究成果不仅为黄河三角洲湿地生态保护与修复提供基础数据、科学依据和关键技术,弥补了我国特别是北方河口三角洲湿地长期观测研究的不足,也使得黄河三角洲站成为国内外无可替代的滨海湿地生态系统科学研究基地,为提升我国滨海与河口湿地研究的理论水平和促进区域可持续发展提供重要科技支撑平台。 相似文献
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<正>研发背景随着人类改变自然的能力提升，资源开发趋于规模化，这给全球鸟类栖息地和鱼类繁衍地带来不同程度的影响，主要是因为鸟类、鱼类对栖息地的组成和环境变化非常敏感。鸟类对生态系统的稳定和相对平衡起着一定的调控作用。在自然界中，鸟类可以抑制昆虫的过度繁殖，也可以调节小型动物的数量，在一定程度上对农、林、牧、渔业都有一定的保护作用。我国是世界鸟类种数最多的国家之一，其中具有迁徙习性的鸟类就达800余种，无论是这些迁徙的鸟类还是留鸟，对于一个良好栖息地的需求是同样重要的， 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):212-213
<正>In February 2014,the 30th Chinese Antarctic inland expedition team reported that they have successfully conducted the seeing measurement at the Antarctic Taishan Station using a Differential Image Motion Monitor(DIMM)developed by the Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optic and Technology(NIAOT),Chinese Academy of Sciences.In astronomy,seeing is a physical parameter that describes the irregular movement and blur of the star 相似文献
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XIN Ling 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(4):270-271
Amassive overhaul is coming to the Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS）. To straighten its ＂fragmented, inefficient research＂, the academy has decided to restructure its 104 institutes for better teamwork. 相似文献
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SONG Jianlan 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(4)
<正>DNA demethylation in mammalian zygotes,a biochemical process through which the parental genomes let go the epigenetic marks from their"past lives"to obtain totipotency,has long fascinated biologists:how does it happen?A joint team at the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences tells a surprising story. 相似文献
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China is one of the fastest growing economies worldwide. Are science and research also in the fast lane? We talked with LUO Yuan, scientist at the Institute of Coal Chemistry in Shanxi, and Axel Mosig, Professor at Ruhr University in Bochum, who has first-hand experience working and living in China. 相似文献
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Joachim Trümper 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(2):201-201
<正>"In 1979 two Chinese scientists joined our institute in the framework of the historical CAS-MPG agreement.This marked the beginning of a longstanding fruitful collaboration.Many visitors followed and contributed to our scientific programs.–My first visit to China took place in 1981–with stays at CAS institutes in Bejing,Nanjing,Shanghai and Kunming,where I received unforgettable impressions of 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>May 15,2014Publicly funded scientific research is an important means for the society to create knowledge,support innovation,and promote growth.Research articles from such research are knowledge resources to be shared by all.Their open access will facilitate the dissemination and utilization of knowledge,turn the knowledge produced by public investment effectively into innovation and development capabilities of the society,ensure that public knowledge benefi ts all,and strengthen the innovation driven development strategy.Therefore,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)issues at the present stage the following open access policy for articles from publicly funded scientifi c research projects:CAS requires its researchers and graduate students to 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>Between February and March of 2013,the source of avian-origin H7N9 human infection was discovered in Shanghai and Anhui,China.Prior to this,H7N9 has only exhibited characteristics of a low pathogenic avian infl uenza virus,carried by chickens with no known cross-species transmission.By the end of August 2013,Chinese mainland reported a total of 134 confi rmed cases of H7N9 human infections across12 provinces and 42 cities,resulting in 45 deaths.In October and November,Zhejiang Province found three new cases and Guangdong found one case of human infection,suggesting the possibility of a comeback in the fall and winter seasons.Researchers led by Prof.GAO Fu(George Fu Gao)at the Institute of Microbiology,CAS and Beijing Institutes of Life Science,have made progress on understanding 相似文献