共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
We investigate in the context of crowdsourcing how seekers can increase open innovation performance, measured as received solver attention, by making two strategic decisions: selecting innovation tasks that are well suited for crowdsourcing and choosing between the potentials of status signalling through identity disclosure versus enjoying the benefits of anonymity. Drawing on uncertainty reduction theory, we suggest that a well-articulated problem statement reduces uncertainties of potential solvers and increases their willingness to participate. We argue that the ability of seekers to draft high-quality problem statements depends on the distance between the problem domain and their current knowledge stock. An analysis of 637 crowdsourcing projects finds that problem-seeker knowledge distance and received solver attention are curvilinear related such that moderate levels of knowledge distance maximize solver participation. However, high-status seekers who engage in identity-based status signalling are able to benefit from crowdsourcing across all levels of problem-seeker knowledge distance. 相似文献
2.
基于已有研究和实践,首先对"众包"概念内涵进行分析,然后对众包与外包的区别、众包与电子商务的区别进行比较研究,最后对众包参与方的动机及众包的运行机制和模型进行剖析.研究发现:相较于外包,众包依赖于社会差异化、多样化的创新潜力,不受空间和距离的限制,交易成本降低,交易行为更为自由;相较于电子商务,众包主要为非标准化服务,不需要物流体系,消费者也可以是生产者;此外,企业进行众包的动机主要是获取外部资源及开放式创新,并通过选择合适的众包模型来参与众包.未来可从参与者、组织、众包系统3个不同的视角对众包问题进行研究.总之,企业通过众包模式可以减少创新成本,获取持续的竞争优势. 相似文献
3.
《Research Policy》2019,48(7):1758-1770
In recent years, several organizations have opened up their innovation processes to individuals from outside of the organization by means of digital crowdsourcing. The literature on crowdsourcing has emphasized the importance of using digital technology to reach far beyond organizational boundaries and include individuals with (educational) backgrounds that are very different and unrelated to those within the organization in its innovation process. It has been argued that such individuals will contribute novel insights because they consider an organization's innovation challenge from different perspectives. Building on the literature on creativity and absorptive capacity, we instead argue that having a related perspective will positively affect an individual's idea performance, while unrelated perspectives only positively contribute to idea performance in combination with a related perspective. Analyses of 2178 ideas contributed by 948 crowd members to 68 crowdsourced idea challenges show that it is important to consider how (educational) backgrounds can provide individuals with multiple perspectives, which can be either related or unrelated, and study how the interplay of related and unrelated perspectives affects the value of ideas in organizational open innovation initiatives. 相似文献
4.
This paper explores the sources of ideas for innovation in engineering design. It shows that engineering designers involved in complex, non-routine design processes rely heavily on face-to-face conversations with other designers for solving problems and developing new innovative ideas. The research is based on a case study and survey of designers from Arup, a leading international engineering consultancy. We examine the role of different mechanisms for learning about new designs, the motivations of designers, problem-solving and limits to designers’ ability to innovate. We explore how the project-based nature of the construction sector shapes the ways in which designers develop new ideas and solve problems. We suggest that among the population of designers in Arup, there are a number of different design strategies for innovating and that these can have important implications for how design is managed. We locate our approach in the research on innovation in project-based firms, outlining patterns of innovation in firms that survive on the basis of their success in winning and managing projects. 相似文献
5.
在已有研究的基础上,按照动机理论的研究框架,通过问卷调查,采用主成分分析法对网络大众参与众包行为的动机进行实证研究。研究表明,网络大众参与众包行为最主要的动机是内化的外部动机,其次是外部动机,最后是内部动机。原有文献研究认为网络大众参与众包行为的动机是外部动机和内部动机的描述是不完整的,文章研究补充完善了现有文献研究中对网络大众参与众包动机中内化的外部动机分析的缺失。也在一定程度上表明目前多数众包平台运营不佳的原因在于缺乏对于网络大众内化的外部动机的吸引力。根据分析结果,为网络众包发包方企业和众包平台制定相应决策,提高网络大众参与度提供决策参考。 相似文献
6.
考虑到平衡计分卡(Balanced Scorecard,BSC)具有平衡组织内外部要素、兼顾结果与驱动结果的因素、综合财务与非财务目标等优势,从战略视角构建基于BSC的众包创新战略地图,从财务、客户、内部流程、学习与成长四个维度识别影响众包创新目标实现的不确定性因素,得到众包创新项目的风险识别体系.提出整合模糊证据推理、灰色关联分析与FMEA模型的众包创新项目风险评价方法,并以海尔HOPE创新生态平台的"全光谱光源植物生长灯"项目开展应用研究.结果表明,接包方机会主义行为,知识产权归属不明,开放性文化冲突三项风险对该项目后续研发过程的影响最大,并提出相应对策,验证模型与方法的可行性与有效性. 相似文献
7.
This study examines how inventors’ breadth and depth of expertise influence innovation in 3M, a company renowned for sustained innovation for over a century. While prior research tends to examine a single indicator – the technical success achieved by the inventor – our study differentiates between three indicators of a successful inventor: (1) the number of inventions generated; (2) the extent to which the inventor has a significant impact in his or her technical domain; and (3) the inventor's career success, in terms of the commercial value they have brought by converting their inventions into products that generate sales for commercial organizations. We found that breadth of inventor expertise relates to the generation of many inventions, but not necessarily to those that are technically influential. Depth of inventor expertise enables individuals to generate technically influential inventions, as measured by patents granted. However, both breadth and depth of expertise are required for innovators to be deemed highly valuable, based on their records of effectively converting inventions into commercially successful products. Our study extends prior research on innovation in two ways. We provide a comprehensive view of how inventors’ expertise influences innovation and also show how inventors with different expertise profiles can contribute in unique ways to their organization. 相似文献
8.
《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103825
Crowdsourcing is a particular form of open innovation (OI) that aims to boost idea-generation in innovation processes. The underlying rationale is that the collective intelligence of a large number of contributors outside the firm’s boundaries increases the likelihood of achieving ‘extreme outcomes’, i.e., high quality ideas with exceptional business potential. Due to the idiosyncrasies that differentiate crowdsourcing from other forms of OI, the findings from prior research on the performance implications of OI cannot be directly extended to crowdsourcing. Similarly, the findings on the effect of internal R&D on firm performance cannot be directly applied to crowdsourcing due to the greater uncertainty in dealing with a crowd of unknown individuals outside the organization whose ideas have to be evaluated and ultimately processed internally. Thus, while crowdsourcing research has recently burgeoned, it is ambiguous as to whether and when crowdsourcing is beneficial for firms. In fact, the overall effect of crowdsourcing on a firm’s future profits has not been thoroughly investigated. To fill this gap, we conducted an event study analyzing stock market reactions to crowdsourcing announcements, a forward-looking market-based measure able to isolate the effect of crowdsourcing on a firm’s future profits, which we refer to as firm stock market performance. Drawing on the resource-based view, we argue that an external crowd can become a valuable resource if the firm is able to extract value from it. Our findings show that two key contingency factors, i.e., brand value and investment opportunities, determine the boundary conditions that enable firms to extract value from the crowd, resulting in a positive stock market reaction to the announcement of a crowdsourcing campaign. In addition to advancing scholarly knowledge on crowdsourcing, our results provide practitioners with relevant indications for profitable crowdsourcing campaigns. 相似文献
9.
针对如何将个体的客观嵌入性和主观利他、利己动机整合到共享参与决策当中的系统分析不足问题,基于资源基础观和社会嵌入理论剖析创客成员在众包社区中的结构嵌入对其创意领地行为形成的影响,并检验利他主义、虚拟声誉关注对以上影响的联合调节作用,以揭示众包创客的众创参与决策过程.结果 显示:(1)众包社区结构嵌入负向影响创客成员的创意领地行为;(2)利他主义和虚拟声誉关注均显著负向调节结构嵌入与创意领地行为的关系;(3)利他主义和虚拟声誉关注在结构嵌入与创意领地行为关系中的联合调节作用显著.研究结论为众包社区的创意资源共享解决以及创客众创参与管理提供如下启示:首先,可以通过多元化渠道和途径加强创客成员的众包社区结构嵌入性;其次,有针对性地了解众包创新目标客户的需求偏好,提供创客创新技术与工具,优化社区创新体验,以有效推动社会创意资源配置效能最大化. 相似文献
10.
Challenging the “deficit model” of innovation: Framing policy issues under the innovation imperative
As innovation is increasingly becoming an imperative for policymakers around the globe, there is a growing tendency to frame policy problems as problems of innovation. This logic suggests that we are unable to address grand societal challenges and ensure economic competitiveness because our societies, institutions, scientific activities or individual predispositions are not sufficiently geared towards innovation. In this paper, we analyze this “deficit model” of innovation in which a lack of innovation is routinely invoked as the main obstacle to social progress. Drawing parallels to research on the deficit model of public understanding of science (PUS), we develop a theoretical framework that captures the dynamics and normative implications of deficit construction, highlighting five salient dimensions: problem diagnoses, proposed remedies, the role of expertise, implied social orders, and measures of success. We apply this framework to three empirical case studies of recent innovation strategies in Luxembourg, Singapore, and Denmark. Attention to this deficit framing around innovation is important, we argue, because it is an essential part of how innovation transforms societies in the 21st century: not only through new technological possibilities or economic growth, but also by shaping public discourse, narrowing policy options, and legitimizing major institutional interventions. The implied pro-innovation bias tends to marginalize other rationales, values, and social functions that do not explicitly support innovation. It further delegates decisions about sweeping social reconfigurations to innovation experts, which raises questions of accountability and democratic governance. Experiences from the history of PUS suggest that, without a dedicated effort to transform innovation policy into a more democratic, inclusive, and explicitly political field, the present deficit logic and its technocratic overtones risks significant social and political conflict. 相似文献
11.
本文基于工作投入和自我效能理论，对影响网络众包参与者创造力的关键路径进行分析，构建了网络众包参与者创造力影响因素模型。运用SEM模型对Kaggle网络众包竞赛平台的600位众包数据分析家的问卷调查数据进行实证检验，研究发现：（1）网络众包参与者的自我效能和工作投入都可以直接影响个人的创造力水平；（2）工作投入中的情感投入和认知投入对创造力有正向影响，而生理投入有负向影响；（3）自我效能中的领域任务自我效能和互动学习自我效能对创造力都有正向影响；（4）工作投入中的情感投入和认知投入在自我效能与创造力之间有中介作用；（5）自我效能中的领域任务自我效能和互动学习自我效能在工作投入与创造力之间也有中介作用。 相似文献
12.
Jeremy Howells 《Research Policy》2005,34(8):1220-1234
This paper investigates the issue of innovation policy within a regional context. It is presented that the perspective one takes is important both in how one interprets the processes and relationships involved, but also in the way one identifies barriers and problems in policy formation and how one resolves them. The paper explores a number of contrasting perspectives in relation to innovation policy and the regions and seeks to highlight the implications of this both for policy, but also in the development of our conceptual understanding about innovation and geography. 相似文献
13.
The recent policy debates about orientating research, technology and innovation policy towards societal challenges, rather than economic growth objectives only, call for new lines of argumentation to systematically legitimize policy interventions. While the multi-level perspective on long-term transitions has attracted quite some interest over the past years as a framework for dealing with long-term processes of transformative change, but the innovation systems approach is still the dominant perspective for devising innovation policy. Innovation systems approaches stress the importance of improving innovation capabilities of firms and the institutional settings to support them, but they are less suited for dealing with the strategic challenges of transforming systems of innovation, production and consumption, and thus with long-term challenges such as climate change or resource depletion. It is therefore suggested to consider insights from transition studies more prominently in a policy framework that is based on the innovation systems approach and the associated notion of ‘failures’. We propose a comprehensive framework that allows legitimizing and devising policies for transformative change that draws on a combination of market failures, structural system failures and transformational system failures. 相似文献
14.
15.
Crowdsourcing is a powerful method that leverages human intelligence to solve problems in the medical, linguistics, machine learning, and in a considerable number of other fields of study. This systematic review aims to understand how crowdsourcing projects are designed and executed in the state-of-the-art, considering the following dimensions: Task execution, quality management, and platform usage. Our results summarized trends of the important aspects of a crowdsourcing project, such as crowd and task types, crowdsourcing platforms, and activities used to manage the quality; we also addressed functions and limitations in traditional crowdsourcing platforms, the definition of a crowdsourcing workflow, and the lack of standardization when developing a crowdsourcing project. As future works, we wish to design a conceptual model that represents the important elements of a crowdsourcing project and their relationships, also, we wish to do further researchers focusing on how the quality mechanisms listed in this work should be used in crowdsourcing projects to get reliable results. 相似文献
16.
企业RD创新需要有效利用内外部创新资源,基于众包竞赛模式的企业RD创新能够充分挖掘和激发大众的创新智慧,助力企业RD创新,已受到企业界的广泛重视。考虑RD创新模式溢出效应的不同情况下,针对企业创新模式及其投入策略选择,以及众包竞赛模式下企业间完全竞争和合作时的决策问题,建立了相应的博弈模型,分析了企业的决策对RD创新水平的影响。研究表明:较仅依靠内部资源的RD创新(A策略)收益,企业通过设置合理的奖金并结合内部创新和众包竞赛模式(B策略)是占优策略;B策略下,企业间处于完全竞争或合作的状态时,溢出效应的不同对众包竞赛模式创新能力的贡献度造成了影响;此外,企业收益、RD创新水平、消费者剩余及社会福利均与众包竞赛模式的贡献度正相关。最后以宝洁公司采用B策略对RD进行创新的案例验证了相关结论。 相似文献
17.
《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103789
This paper analyses Amsterdam’s Startup-in-Residence (SiR) programme as new type of policy to engage startups in the development of urban innovation through a challenge-based public procurement of innovation (PPI) process. The programme is being mimicked by other cities and government agencies, but so far there has not been a rigorous, theoretically-informed analysis of the approach. In this paper, we specify and focus on the role of city-based, public-affiliated intermediaries as initiators, moderators and influencers of conversations between startups and the local government. The main contribution of SiR as a PPI intermediation programme has been to launch new types of fruitful conversations on several levels, that lead to institutional innovations rather than direct solutions for urban problems or startup development. In this sense, SiR fulfils a role inquiring and ascribing urban challenges with values and notions of “worth” that preceded and shaped innovation directions. We also suggest that engaging startups is effective for only a limited bandwidth urban challenges; different types of intermediation are required to foster collaborative innovation in more complex settings. 相似文献
18.
网络众包(Crowdsourcing)模式开启了微观个体参与创新的时代,突显了大众智慧的商业价值,通过移动互联端到端的连接方式搭建了大众参与的创新平台,实现了协同自组织的新型网络工作环境。本文通过与传统组织形式的比较,基于"RPV模型"(Resource,Process,Value)理论的组织特点,分析了网络众包模式中互补共生的运营方式和基于知识服务的协同自组织过程,使个体在协同创新的系统中找到参与的位置,通过系统协调形成多目标经济活动的次优组合,并探讨分析了个体与利益相关者如何通过协同的方式和途径创造群体价值,实现"产消合一"的服务体系,塑造众包数字化生存和信息时代全新的工作形态。 相似文献
19.
New types of knowledge, and new ways of organising the production of it, may emerge as knowledge producers respond to the challenges posed by a changing society. This paper focuses on the core knowledge of one such emerging field, namely, innovation studies. To explore the knowledge base of the field, a database of references in scholarly surveys of various aspects of innovation, published in “handbooks”, is assembled and a new methodology for analysing the knowledge base of a field with the help of such data is developed. The paper identifies the core contributions to the literature in this area, the most central scholars and important research environments, and analyses - with the help of citations in scholarly journals - how the core literature is used by researchers in different scientific disciplines and cross-disciplinary fields. Based on this information a cluster analysis is used to draw inferences about the structure of the knowledge base on innovation. Finally, the changing character of the field over time is analysed, and possible challenges for its continuing development are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Utilizing the assumptions of the Resource-based theory, this study examined how and why new, rare, and inimitable resources in the form of information proactiveness motivation influence operational firm performance. We hypothesized open innovation as a mediator between information proactiveness motivation and operational firm performance. We also hypothesized the interactive effects of an individual’s creative cognitive style and information proactiveness motivation on open innovation whereas climate for innovation and open innovation jointly influence operational firm performance. A temporally segregated data (n = 260) was collected in three-time intervals from employees working in the banking sector of Islamabad, Pakistan. Utilizing the PROCESS approach, the findings of the study indicate that open innovation mediates the relationship between information proactiveness motivation, and operational firm performance. Moreover, the creative cognitive style was found to moderate the relationship between information proactiveness motivation and open innovation whereas climate for innovation emerged as a moderator between open innovation and operational firm performance. This research focused on unique information and contextual resources which directly and indirectly play significant roles in promoting the firm's open innovation and subsequent operational firm performance. 相似文献