共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 673 毫秒
1.
[目的/意义]探究差异性任务情境对用户移动诊疗信息搜索行为的影响，并基于对比分析为移动诊疗信息的产品和服务创新提供改进方法和策略。[方法/过程]选取事实型、解释型和探索型3种代表性任务情境，采用"情境实验+问卷访谈"的方法获取研究样本的行为特征数据并辅助以录屏软件全程记录实验过程，通过人工编码、数据清洗和数据预处理等步骤对收集到的问卷文本和视频数据进行处理，获得36个有效样本和108份有效数据并利用SPSS22.0进行Mann-Whitney非参数检验。[结果/结论]差异性任务情境对搜索过程变量均具有显著影响。相对于事实型任务，解释型任务和探索型任务不仅在查询串修改次数、访问网页数和点击链接数上显著更多，而且在搜索策略上也倾向于使用更多的搜索渠道。任务类型对用户在任务完成前后的感知任务难度、感知完成度和客观完成度等指标上有显著影响，其中事实型任务难度最低且客观完成度最高，任务类型对用户的任务认知和感知多渠道搜索有用性无显著影响。 相似文献
2.
We investigated the searching behaviors of twenty-four children in grades 6, 7, and 8 (ages 11–13) in finding information on three types of search tasks in Google. Children conducted 72 search sessions and issued 150 queries. Children's phrase- and question-like queries combined were much more prevalent than keyword queries (70% vs. 30%, respectively). Fifty two percent of the queries were reformulations (33 sessions). We classified children's query reformulation types into five classes based on the taxonomy by Liu et al. (2010). We found that most query reformulations were by Substitution and Specialization, and that children hardly repeated queries. We categorized children's queries by task facets and examined the way they expressed these facets in their query formulations and reformulations. Oldest children tended to target the general topic of search tasks in their queries most frequently, whereas younger children expressed one of the two facets more often. We assessed children's achieved task outcomes using the search task outcomes measure we developed. Children were mostly more successful on the fact-finding and fully self-generated task and partially successful on the research-oriented task. Query type, reformulation type, achieved task outcomes, and expressing task facets varied by task type and grade level. There was no significant effect of query length in words or of the number of queries issued on search task outcomes. The study findings have implications for human intervention, digital literacy, search task literacy, as well as for system intervention to support children's query formulation and reformulation during interaction with Google. 相似文献
3.
4.
Jingjing Liu Nicholas J. Belkin Xiangmin Zhang Xiaojun Yuan 《Information processing & management》2013
This paper examines the changes of information searchers’ topic knowledge levels in the process of completing information tasks. Multi-session tasks were used in the study, which enables the convenience of eliciting users’ topic knowledge during their process of completing the whole tasks. The study was a 3-session laboratory experiment with 24 participants, each time working on one subtask in an assigned 3-session general task. The general task was either parallel or dependently structured. Questionnaires were administered before and after each session to elicit users’ perceptions of their knowledge levels, task attributes, and other task features, for both the overall task and the sub-tasks. Our results support the assumption that users’ knowledge generally increases after each search session, but there were exceptions in which a “ceiling” effect was shown. We also found that knowledge was correlated with users’ perceptions of task attributes and accomplishment. In addition, task type was found to affect several aspects of knowledge levels and knowledge change. These findings further our understanding of users’ knowledge in information tasks and are thus helpful for information retrieval research and system design. 相似文献
5.
John E. Leide Andrew Large Jamshid Beheshti Martin Brooks Charles Cole 《Information processing & management》2003,39(6):923-940
In this article and two other articles which conceptualize a future stage of the research program (Leide, Cole, Large, & Beheshti, submitted for publication; Cole, Leide, Large, Beheshti, & Brooks, in preparation), we map-out a domain novice user’s encounter with an IR system from beginning to end so that appropriate classification-based visualization schemes can be inserted into the encounter process. This article describes the visualization of a navigation classification scheme only. The navigation classification scheme uses the metaphor of a ship and ship’s navigator traveling through charted (but unknown to the user) waters, guided by a series of lighthouses. The lighthouses contain mediation interfaces linking the user to the information store through agents created for each. The user’s agent is the cognitive model the user has of the information space, which the system encourages to evolve via interaction with the system’s agent. The system’s agent is an evolving classification scheme created by professional indexers to represent the structure of the information store. We propose a more systematic, multidimensional approach to creating evolving classification/indexing schemes, based on where the user is and what she is trying to do at that moment during the search session. 相似文献
6.
With the advent of various services and applications of Semantic Web, semantic annotation has emerged as an important research topic. The application of semantically annotated ontology had been evident in numerous information processing and retrieval tasks. One of such tasks is utilizing the semantically annotated ontology in product design which is able to suggest many important applications that are critical to aid various design related tasks. However, ontology development in design engineering remains a time consuming and tedious task that demands considerable human efforts. In the context of product family design, management of different product information that features efficient indexing, update, navigation, search and retrieval across product families is both desirable and challenging. For instance, an efficient way of retrieving timely information on product family can be useful for tasks such as product family redesign and new product variant derivation when requirements change. However, the current research and application of information search and navigation in product family is mostly limited to its structural aspect which is insufficient to handle advanced information search especially when the query targets at multiple aspects of a product. This paper attempts to address this problem by proposing an information search and retrieval framework based on the semantically annotated multi-facet product family ontology. Particularly, we propose a document profile (DP) model to suggest semantic tags for annotation purpose. Using a case study of digital camera families, we illustrate how the faceted search and retrieval of product information can be accomplished. We also exemplify how we can derive new product variants based on the designer’s query of requirements via the faceted search and retrieval of product family information. Lastly, in order to highlight the value of our current work, we briefly discuss some further research and applications in design decision support, e.g. commonality analysis and variety comparison, based on the semantically annotated multi-facet product family ontology. 相似文献
7.
Prior research in the social search space has focused on the informational benefits of collaborating with others during web and workplace information seeking. However, social interactions, especially during complex tasks, can have cognitive benefits as well. Our goal in this paper is to document the methods and outcomes of using social resources to help with exploratory search tasks. We used a talk-aloud protocol and video capture to explore the actions of eight subjects as they completed two “Google-hard” search tasks. Task questions were alternated between a Social and Non-Social Condition. The Social Condition restricted participants to use only social resources—search engines were not allowed. The Non-Social Condition permitted normal web-based information sources, but restricted the use of social tools. 相似文献
8.
[目的/意义]文章旨在探究诸如任务等影响游客社会化搜寻的因素，为旅游机构利用社交服务网站开展营销活动，成功激发游客的出游行为提供决策参考。[方法/过程]本研究基于实验法，考察任务不确定性（确定性任务vs.不确定性任务）、感知可用信息缺失（高vs.低）和时间距离（长vs.短）对游客社会化搜寻动机的影响。[结果/结论]结果显示：1）相对于确定性任务，不确定性任务下，游客的社会化搜寻动机大；2）相对于感知可用信息缺失程度低，感知可用信息缺失程度高下游客的社会化搜寻动机大；3）相对于时间距离长，时间距离短下游客的社会化搜寻动机大；4）时间距离能调节任务不确定性与游客社会化搜寻动机之间的关系，感知时间距离短，任务不确定性对游客社会化搜寻动机无影响；感知时间距离长时，不确定任务下社会化搜寻动机强，确定性任务下社会化搜寻动机弱。 相似文献
9.
Effective knowledge management in a knowledge-intensive environment can place heavy demands on the information filtering (IF) strategies used to model workers’ long-term task-needs. Because of the growing complexity of knowledge-intensive work tasks, a profiling technique is needed to deliver task-relevant documents to workers. In this study, we propose an IF technique with task-stage identification that provides effective codification-based support throughout the execution of a task. Task-needs pattern similarity analysis based on a correlation value is used to identify a worker’s task-stage (the pre-focus, focus formulation, or post-focus task-stage). The identified task-stage is then incorporated into a profile adaptation process to generate the worker’s current task profile. The results of a pilot study conducted in a research institute confirm that there is a low or negative correlation between search sessions and transactions in the pre-focus task-stage, whereas there is at least a moderate correlation between search sessions/transactions in the post-focus stage. Compared with the traditional IF technique, the proposed IF technique with task-stage identification achieves, on average, a 19.49% improvement in task-relevant document support. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for knowledge-intensive work tasks. 相似文献
10.
[目的/意义]随性休闲搜索具有与工作任务情境下以结果为导向的搜索行为不同的规律，探索休闲情境中的搜索行为特征对于信息系统功能的优化，从而为用户日常信息搜索提供更有效的支持具有重要的意义。[方法/过程]论文以采莓模型为基础，采用基于观察实验的日记研究法，招募23位实验参与者进行了为期一周的视频搜索实验，通过文本分析和数据建模，从查询变化、思考、信息/文档、结束4个方面分析了随性休闲搜索行为的特征。[结果/结论]随性休闲搜索中用户需求及其变化带来了查询改变；用户对信息保持着开放选择，从自身情感体验进行搜索评价。随性休闲搜索是一个顺其自然的信息接受和利用过程，也是一项带来快乐体验的休闲活动。 相似文献
11.
回顾了与信息搜寻(information seeking)和搜索(information search)环境(context)及情境(situation)相关的研究,阐述人们对环境和情境的理解。作为环境或情境的重要要素,工作任务(work tasks)已成为信息行为相关研究的起点。文章论述了工作任务的定义,并将相关研究概括为直接研究和间接研究,以帮助理解该领域的研究途径和方式,促进其在中国的发展。 相似文献
12.
根据Wilson理论,本文将研究生信息行为分为信息查询、信息利用和信息交流3个方面,构建了任务复杂性对信息行为影响的结构方程模型及相关假设。通过调查问卷收集数据,用Lisrel 8.70软件验证了结构方程模型及研究假设。研究发现任务复杂度对信息查询途径和信息利用行为有显著性影响。 相似文献
13.
14.
针对隐性知识的隐蔽性、非结构化等特点,借鉴经验学习和知识转移理论,从任务视角出发用仿真方法研究了任务分配策略、任务到达速率、不同复杂任务比重对隐性知识学习的作用机制。仿真结果表明,以知识增长为目的的学习策略最有利于隐性知识学习;以当前时间成本最小化为目的的策略会引起原有知识的损失;随机分配策略对隐性知识学习无显著作用。任务到达速率衡量了员工的任务压力,适当增加员工任务压力能够极大地促进隐性知识学习。不同复杂任务的比重通过影响整体任务复杂度而作用于隐性知识学习,且任务复杂度与隐性知识学习之间呈现倒U型关系,无论各种任务之间的比重如何,只要整体任务复杂度维持在适中水平,就可以显著促进隐性知识学习。 相似文献
15.
This paper reports on the findings from a longitudinal case study exploring Kuhlthau’s information search process (ISP)-model in a group based academic setting. The research focus is on group members’ activities and cognitive and emotional experiences during the task process of writing an assignment. It is investigated if group members’ information behavior differ from the individual information seeker in the ISP-model and to what extent this behavior is influenced by contextual (work task) and social (group work) factors. Three groups of LIS students were followed during a 14 weeks period in 2004/2005 (10 participants). Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed, such as demographic surveys, process surveys, diaries and interviews. Similarities in behavior were found between group members and the individual in Kuhlthau’s ISP-model with regard to the general stages of information seeking, the cognitive pattern associated with focus formulation and the tendency towards an increase in writing activities while searching activities decreased. Differences in behavior were also found, which were associated with contextual and social factors beyond the mere search process. It is concluded that the ISP-model does not fully comply with group members’ problem solving process and the involved information seeking behavior. Further, complex academic problem solving seems to be even more complex when it is performed in a group based setting. The study contributes with a new conceptual understanding of students’ behavior in small groups. 相似文献
16.
Jiqun Liu Yiwei Wang Soumik Mandal Chirag Shah 《Information processing & management》2019,56(3):1010-1025
An individual's Web search behavior can be influenced by a number of factors, including features and functions of a search engine as well as search education. In contrast to the long-lasting attention to the algorithm and interface dimensions of search, there is a lack of research concerned with the potential effects of user education on search behavior. To address this gap, we ran a three-session field-lab-combined study to examine the effects of user education from two distinct sources – peer advice and cognitive authority (operationalized as video-based student's advice and expert's advice respectively) – on Web search behavior in two different search task scenarios (i.e., factual specific and factual amorphous tasks). We also tested if these behavioral effects persist for a short period of time when the explicit search tips are removed. Using 185 task session data generated by 31 participants in two field and one lab sessions, this study demonstrates that: (1) both peer advice and cognitive authority are effective in stimulating immediate behavioral changes in Web search; (2) the immediate behavioral impact of search advice is broader in factual amorphous task than in factual specific task; (3) framing search tips as the advice from cognitive authority is more likely to generate continuing, short-term effects on Web search behaviors. This research has implications for the design of task-aware user education as well as the study of users’ interactions with IR systems in general. 相似文献
17.
18.
[目的/意义]近半个世纪以来,研究者在信息查询系统分面导航的设计和评价中积累了丰富的研究成果,但这些成果却一直处于分散杂乱状态,不能很好地指导信息查询系统的设计。[方法/过程]本文采用文献调查法和文献分析法,根据影响信息查询系统可用性的情境框架,从系统、任务、用户等方面对这些成果进行分析综合。[结果/结论]由此组织成一个支持信息查询系统分面导航设计的知识体系并就其设计提出相关建议。 相似文献
19.
Collaborative information behavior is an essential aspect of organizational work; however, we have very limited understanding of this behavior. Most models of information behavior focus on the individual seeker of information. In this paper, we report the results from two empirical studies that investigate aspects of collaborative information behavior in organizational settings. From these studies, we found that collaborative information behavior differs from individual information behavior with respect to how individuals interact with each other, the complexity of the information need, and the role of information technology. There are specific triggers for transitioning from individual to collaborative information behavior, including lack of domain expertise. The information retrieval technologies used affect collaborative information behavior by acting as important supporting mechanisms. From these results and prior work, we develop a model of collaborative information behavior along the axes of participant behavior, situational elements, and contextual triggers. We also present characteristics of collaborative information system including search, chat, and sharing. We discuss implications for the design of collaborative information retrieval systems and directions for future work. 相似文献