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1.
A comparative study on the photosynthetic parameters among intergeneric progenies derived from Oryza sativa L.×Sorghum vulgare L., its maternal parent Gui 630 and commercial 3-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63 in pot experiment in greenhouse was conducted. The morphological and photosynthetic characters of canopy leaves and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters including Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, photochemical quenching coefficient and non-photochemical coefficient of canopy leaves of 3 varieties were measured. The results showed the progeny, Yuanyou 1, derived from an intergeneric cross of rice and sorghum possesses better canopy spatial architecture with thicker, heavier and bigger canopy leaf than its maternal parent Gui 630. Higher photosynthetic rate due to higher chlorophyll content, higher primary energy transformation efficiency, potential of PSII and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qE) were also measured in Yuanyou 1. These explain partly why the intergeneric progeny has higher biomass production, and better tolerance to adverse conditions and higher field yields even under stress conditions. 相似文献
2.
在杂交水稻汕优63始稳期，用15mmol／LCa(2 =)喷施叶面，能增加抽穗结实期间主茎旗叶的叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量，提高超氧物歧化酶（SOD）的活性．降低丙二醛（MDA）含量．延缓叶片衰老；同时，Ca(2 )能增加主德的实位数、结实串和千粒重，从而提高谷产量． 相似文献
3.
A field experiment was conducted to study the response of individual leaf spectral reflectance to five levels of nitrogen
fertilizer treatments in rice (Oriza sativa L.) plants. Sampling was combined through a rice canopy at upper, medium and low levels for biomass, nitrogen and water content
measurements with spectral signals from the leaves. The vertical gradients of leaf biomass, nitrogen and water contents were
associated with the nitrogen availability during tillering, panicle formation, initial heading and heading. Rice plants treated
with the lowest rate of N could be characterized with the lowest value of gradient in leaf biomass and leaf water content
and the highest value of gradient in leaf N concentration. A spectral gradient of single reflectance (R), ratio (RVI) and
normalized difference (ND) of two individual reflectances was defined as this yielded a better relationship between the spectral
data and leaf nitrogen concentration. The results suggested the spectral gradients may be used as an improved diagnostic tool
for nitrogen status.
Project (49771056) supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC). 相似文献
4.
利用20个品种(系)探讨了小麦部分生理性状的遗传变异及其与产量的关系.结果表明,除生殖生长期外,其余性状在小麦基因型间均存在显著的遗传差异.生物学产量、叶绿素含量、营养生长期、生殖生长期与营养生长期之比与产量相关显著,且遗传力较高,可作为产量选择的间接指标.高产品种在经济系数、生物学产量、叶绿素含量、叶面积等性状上存在优势,在干物质积累上具有灌浆速度快的特点. 相似文献
5.
杂交水稻华优63后期施氮肥,其穗部和叶片干物重增加,叶鞘和茎秆的干物质运转加快。叶片干重以花前施氮的最高。花前施氮钾,开花期叶鞘干重降低较多;灌浆末期至黄熟期和收割期叶鞘干重下降,分别以花后施氮和花前施氮钾下降也较多。开花期茎秆干重,以花前施氮下降明显,灌浆末期至黄熟期和收割期分别以花后施氮和花前施氮钾降低明显。穗部干重以花后施氮的最高。因此,华优63以花后追施氮肥为好,稻穗增重速度较快,产量较高。文中讨论了水稻生育后期施肥的一些原理和原则,关键在于促进叶片衰退缓慢,茎叶贮存物质迅速向谷粒运输,茎叶不徒长,谷粒产量高。 相似文献
6.
赤霉素对杂交水稻生育后期氮代谢的调控作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杂交水稻(Oryza sativa subsp indica)农艺性状优良,表现了强大的增产优势。杂交水稻的氮代谢与其农艺性状密切相关,然而关于杂交水稻的氮代谢及氮代谢调控的研究较少。赤霉素对植物有着广泛影响,在杂交水稻生育后期用适当浓度的赤霉酸(GA_3)溶液处理,对其同化物的积累和转运及活性氧清除剂的活力等方面都有明显的促进作用(曾富华、罗泽民,1991、1993)。本试验以硝酸还原酶活力(NRA)、谷—丙转氨酶活力(GPTA)等作指标,选用威优35(V35,后健组合)和威优49(V49,早衰组合)为材料,大田小区裁 相似文献
7.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＶｉｓｉｂｌｅａｎｄｎｅａｒｉｎｆｒａｒｅｄｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｓ ｃｏｐｙｗａｓｐｒｏｖｅｄｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓｔｏｏｆｆｅｒｔｈｅｐｏｓ ｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｏｂｔａｉｎｉｎｇａｒａｐｉｄ ,ｎｏｎ ｄｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｖｅｅｓｔｉ ｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｌａｎｔｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓ(Ｔｈｏｍａｓｅｔａｌ.,1 972 ;Ｈｉｎｚｍａｎｅｔａｌ.,1 986;Ｔａｋｅｂｅｅｔａｌ.,1 990 ;Ｆｉｌｅｌｌａｅｔａｌ.,1 995;Ｂｌａｃｋｍｅｒｅｔａｌ.,1 994 ,1 996;Ｌａｄｈａ… 相似文献
8.
The genetic basis of heterosis was studied through mid-parent, standard variety and better parent for 11 quantitative traits in 17 parental lines and their 10 selected hybrids in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The characters were plant height, days to flag leaf initiation, days to first panicle initiation, days to 100% flowering, panicle length, flag leaf length, days to maturity, number of fertile spikelet/panicle, number of effective tillers/hill, grain yield/10-hill, and 1000-grain weight. In general the hybrids performed significantly better than the respective parents. Significant heterosis was observed for most of the studied characters. Among the 10 hybrids, four hybrids viz., 17A×45R, 25A×37R, 27A×39R, 31A×47R, and 35A×47R showed highest heterosis in 10-hill grain yield/10-hill. Inbreeding depression of F2 progeny was also studied for 11 characters of 10 hybrids. Both positive and negative inbreeding depression were found in many crosses for the studied characters, but none was found significant. Selection of good parents was found to be the most important for developing high yielding hybrid rice varieties. 相似文献
9.
ALAM M.F. KHAN M.R. NURUZZAMAN M. PARVEZ S. SWARAZ A.M. ALAM I. AHSAN N. 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2004,(4)
INTRODUCTIONAlthoughriceisanaturallyself-pollinatedcrop,strongheterosisisobservedintheirF1hybrids.HeterosisorhybridvigorismanifestedasimprovedperformanceforF1hybridsgeneratedbycrossingtwoinbredparents.Heterosiscanbedefinedquan-titativelyasanupwarddeviationofthemid-parent,basedonthemeanvaluesofthetwoparents(JohnsonandHutchinson,1993).Heterosismaybepositiveornegative.Dependinguponbreedingob-jectives,bothpositiveandnegativeheterosisareusefulforcropimprovement.Ingeneral,positiveheterosisisd… 相似文献
10.
以中乐油2号和蓉油11号油菜为材料,通过盆栽试验,研究渍害胁迫及恢复进程中油菜幼苗叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)光化学特性的变化.结果表明:随着渍害胁迫的加剧,两品种油菜叶片初始荧光(F0)、非光化学淬灭系数(qN)不断上升,最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量(Yield)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)不断下降,说明随着渍害胁迫的加剧,PSⅡ部分反应中心受到破坏,光合电子传递受阻,光能转换效率下降,发生明显光抑制;从第13d起进行恢复处理,所有叶绿素荧光参数均有所恢复,但仍未达到对照水平.可见,当渍害胁迫超出了油菜机体自我调节的阈值时,油菜叶片的部分光合机构发生不可逆的破坏,最终影响油菜的正常生长. 相似文献
11.
The genetic basis of heterosis was studied through mid-parent, standard variety and better parent for 11 quantitative traits
in 17 parental lines and their 10 selected hybrids in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The characters were plant height. days to flag leaf initiation, days to first panicle initiation, days to 100% flowering,
panicle length, flag leaf length. days to maturity, number of fertile spikelet/panicle, number of effective tillers/hill,
grain yield/10-hill, and 1000-grain weight. In general the hybrids performed significantly better than the respective parents.
Significant heterosis was observed for most of the studied characters. Among the 10 hybrids, four hybrids viz., 17A×45R, 25A×37R,
27A×39R, 31A×47R, and 35A×47R showed highest heterosis in 10-hill grain yield/10-hill. Inbreeding depression of F2 progeny was also studied for 11 characters of 10 hybrids. Both positive and negative inbreeding depression were found in
many crosses for the studied characters, but none was found significant. Selection of good parents was found to be the most
important for developing high yielding hybrid rice varieties.
Project supported by the Foundation of Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology, People's Republic
of Bangladesh 相似文献
12.
21个杂交水稻品种主要农艺性状与产量的灰色关联度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用灰色关联度分析方法,研究分析了21个水稻杂交品种的主要农艺性状与产量、主要农艺性状之间的关系。结果表明,产量与农艺性状的关联度大小依次为:生育期千粒重株高一次分枝数穗长有效穗数着粒密度穗粒数抗倒伏系数穗实粒数生物产量。因此,在选育水稻品种时,应注意选择生育期较长、粒重及株高较高、一次分枝数较多、穗长较长的品种。 相似文献
13.
Improved yield and Zn accumulation for rice grain by Zn fertilization and optimized water management 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yu-yan WANG Yan-yan WEI Lan-xue DONG Ling-li LU Ying FENG Jie ZHANG Feng-shan PAN Xiao-e YANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2014,15(4):365-374
研究目的：在生产高度集约化体系下,研究节水灌溉措施及锌肥对水稻产量及锌积累量的影响。创新要点：目前关于干湿交替能否对水稻增产仍存在争议,对锌含量及生物有效性也鲜有报道。因此,针对这些问题,本文系统地研究影响水稻产量及品质的两大限制性因素,即锌肥和灌溉方式对稻米锌生物有效性的影响。研究方法：采用盆钵试验模拟大田锌肥及水分管理方式,两种基因型、两种锌肥种类、两种水分管理,三个重复控制误差。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定微量元素锌含量,以精米中植酸含量表征锌生物有效性。重要结论：干湿交替在增加了稻米产量、锌含量及积累量方面效果显著。干湿交替结合土施硫酸锌肥可以作为水稻生产体系中获得高产、高锌、高生物有效性的农艺措施。 相似文献
14.
15.
The rice water weevil (RWW) Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Knsehel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an invasive insect pest office Oryza sativa L. in China. Little is known about the interactions of this weevil with indigenous herbivores. In the present study, adult feeding and population density of the weevil, injury level of striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepi-doptera: Pyralidae) and pink stem borer Sesamia inferens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to rice, as well as growth status of their host plants were surveyed in a rice field located in Southeastern Zhejiang, China, in 2004 with the objective to discover interspecific interactions on the rice. At tillering stage, both adult feeding of the weevil and injury of the stem borers tended to occur on larger tillers (bearing 5 leaves) compared with small tillers (bearing 24 leaves), but the insects showed no evident competition with each other. At booting stage, the stem borers caused more withering/dead hearts and the weevil reached a higher density on the plants which had more productive tillers and larger root system; the number of weevils per tiller correlated nega-tively with the percentage of withering/dead hearts of plants in a hill. These observations indicate that interspecific interactions exist between the rice water weevil and the rice stem borers with negative relations occurring at booting or earlier developmental stages of rice. 相似文献
16.
Fu-min Wang Jing-feng Huang Qi-fa Zhou Xiu-zhen Wang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(12):953-963
The objectives of the study were to select suitable wavebands for rice leaf area index (LAI) estimation using the data acquired over a whole growing season, and to test the efficiency of the selected wavebands by comparing them with feature positions of rice canopy spectra. In this study, the field experiment in 2002 growing season was conducted at the experimental farm of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Measurements of hyperspectral reflectance (350-2500 nm) and corresponding LAI were made for a paddy rice canopy throughout the growing season. And three methods were employed to identify the optimal wavebands for paddy rice LAI estimation: correlation coefficient-based method, vegetation index-based method, and stepwise regression method. This research selected 15 wavebands in the region of 350-2500 nm, which appeared to be the optimal wavebands for the paddy rice LAI estimation. Of the selected wavebands, the most frequently occurring wavebands were centered around 554, 675, 723, and 1633 nm. They were followed by 444, 524, 576, 594, 804, 849, 974, 1074, 1219, 1510, and 2194 nm. Most of them made physical sense and had their counterparts in spectral known feature positions, which indicates the promising potential of the 15 selected wavebands for the retrieval of paddy rice LAI. 相似文献
17.
本文通过对常规中稻和杂交中稻（对照）在接近杂交稻的栽培条件下进行比较试验,对其产量、分蘖、成穗及抗病性等效应加以分析,以探求常规中稻按优化栽培的高产途径。 相似文献
18.
杂交水稻叶片衰老与膜脂过氧化作用的关系 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
杂交水稻汕优63主茎在抽穗后10d，其叶片自上而下表现出叶绿素和蛋白质含量下降．光合作用速率降低．丙二醇和脂质红过氧化物含量明显增加．SOD活性则为倒三叶＞倒四叶＞倒二叶＞旗叶．实验结果表明：叶片自下而上顺序衰老．叶片衰老与膜脂过氧化作用密切相关． 相似文献
19.
以威优64、陆青早1号为材料,免耕提高了植株和功能叶的含氮量、总糖量及可溶性糖的含量,增强了NR的活力,促进了碳水化合物的运转,说明提高茎鞘物质的“再积累”现象和库容量是提高免耕水稻产量的主要原因。 相似文献
20.
Qi-fa Zhou Zhan-yu Liu Jing-feng Huang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(6):465-470
The main objective of this work was to compare the applicability of the single leaf (the uppermost leaf L1 and the third uppermost
leaf L3) modified simple ratio (mSR705 index) and the leaf positional difference in the vegetation index between L1 and L3 (mSR705L1-mSR705L3) in detecting nitrogen (N)-overfertilized rice plants. A field experiment consisting of three rice genotypes and five N fertilization
levels (0, 75, 180, 285, and 390 kg N/ha) was conducted at Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China in 2008. The hyperspectral
reflectance (350–2500 nm) and the chlorophyll concentration (ChlC) of L1 and L3 were measured at different stages. The mSR705L1 and mSR705L3 indices appeared not to be highly sensitive to the N rates, especially when the N rate was high (above 180 kg N/ha). The
mean mSR705L1-mSR705L3 across the genotypes increased significantly (P<0.05) or considerably from 180 to 285 kg N/ha treatment and from 285 to 390 kg N/ha treatment at all the stages. Also, use
of the difference (mSR705L1-mSR705L3) greatly reduced the influence of the stages and genotypes in assessing the N status with reflectance data. The results of
this study show that the N-overfertilized rice plants can be effectively detected with the leaf positional difference in the
mSR705 index. 相似文献