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1.
Charlene Tan 《牛津教育评论》2018,44(3):370-382
This paper compares the educational thought of Paulo Freire and Confucius on what it means to be more fully human. Both Freire and Confucius object to the dehumanisation of human beings through the banking concept of education and other oppressive practices. They argue for the ontological vocation of becoming more fully human through humanisation and humanity (ren) respectively. In terms of differences, Freire’s notion of humanisation seeks to transform human beings from objects to subjects who know and act. Confucius’ concept of humanity, while also stressing autonomy and agency, places moral self-cultivation at its centre. While Freire advocates critical consciousness and social transformation, Confucius propagates dao- or Way-consciousness and self-transformation. The essay concludes by exploring a synthesised conception of humanisation where human beings are subjects who are motivated and guided by humanity (ren). 相似文献
2.
CHARLENE TAN 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2017,51(1):331-343
This article proposes a Confucian conception of critical thinking by focussing on the notion of judgement. It is argued that the attainment of the Confucian ideal of li (normative behaviours) necessitates and promotes critical thinking in at least two ways. First, the observance of li requires the individual to exercise judgement by applying the generalised knowledge, norms and procedures in dao (Way) to particular action‐situations insightfully and flexibly. Secondly, the individual's judgement, to qualify as an instance of li, should be underpinned and motivated by the ethical quality of ren (humanity) that testifies to one's moral character. Two educational implications arising from a Confucian conception of critical thinking are highlighted. First, the Confucian interpretation presented in this essay challenges the perception that critical thinking is absent from or culturally incompatible with Chinese traditions. Secondly, such a conception advocates viewing critical thinking as a form of judgement that is action‐oriented, spiritual, ethical and interpersonal. 相似文献
3.
Yuanbiao Lin 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(13):1180-1191
Drawing textual evidences from the Analects (Lunyu論語) and other Confucian classics, this article attempts to clarify the contents, methods, and ultimately the nature of learning in the eyes of Confucius. The paper set out to argue that a better understanding of the concept of learning by Confucius must be angled on: (i) Confucius’s political aspiration and life pursuit (zhi志) rather than his teaching; (ii) The personal preference (hao好) of Confucius along with his zhi that has motivated his study and practice of the finer aspects of the Zhou legacies. And on the above basis, the paper suggests that: (iii) TO BE one’s mandate self (wei ji爲己) is at the core of Confucius’s concept of learning and that naturally determines the methods and characteristics of learning; (iv) the three opening lines of Lunyu in fact made a statement on the way Confucius learns. 相似文献
4.
《Journal of moral education》2012,41(4):515-516
ABSTRACTIn A Theory of Moral Education, Michael Hand defends the importance of teaching children moral standards, even while taking seriously the fact that reasonable people disagree about morality. While I agree there are universal moral values based on the kind of beings humans are, I raise two issues with Hand’s account. The first is an omission that may be compatible with Hand’s theory; the role of virtues. A role for the cultivation of virtues and rational emotions such as compassion is vital in accounting for the emotional aspect of morality. The second issue pertains to Hand’s foundational premise of human beings’ rough equality. Following Martha Nussbaum, I argue that contractarian approaches must be critically evaluated to ensure the social contract properly includes and accounts for the human dignity of those who are typically excluded from the benefits of society. Hand’s justificatory arguments rely upon a contractarian premise, and the contract itself needs scrutiny and adjustment if it is to support a viable theory of moral education. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of moral education》2012,41(3):168-181
Abstract After some preliminary doubts about Kohlberg's method of assessing moral reasoning, his ‘stage‐structural’ theory is criticized under six heads. (1) The claim that the stages constitute structural wholes, representing unified and differentiated patterns of thought: it is argued that the available evidence, and Kohlberg's own methodology, unambiguously implies a developmental continuum, not discrete stage structures. (2) Invariance, which, after counter‐evidence led to a revision in the theory, has yet to be demonstrated. (3) Cultural Universality: it is argued that, because of an ambiguity in the notion of a universal principle, Kohlberg's arguments against cultural relativism tend, if anything, to support it. (4) Logical Necessity: it is argued that Kohlberg shows at most that the sequence forms a hierarchy, from which neither its logical nor even its psychological necessity follows. (5) Increasing Cognitive Adequacy, with the associated claim that it is cognitive conflict which produces movement from one stage to another: it is argued that the empirical evidence conflicts with the theoretical claims, and that the theoretical arguments establish, at most, an increase in moral understanding, which could well increase, rather than decrease, cognitive conflict. (6) Increasing Moral Adequacy: this claim is as yet unjustified in any of its three possible interpretations. Finally it is suggested that Kohlbergian theory is in danger of becoming, in Lakatos's terms, a degenerating research programme. 相似文献
6.
Confucianism has been widely perceived as a major moral and cultural obstacle to the donation of bodies for anatomical purposes. The rationale for this is the Confucian stress on xiao (filial piety), whereby individuals' bodies are to be intact at death. In the view of many, the result is a prohibition on the donation of bodies to anatomy departments for the purpose of dissection. The role of dissection throughout the development of anatomy within a Confucian context is traced, and in contemporary China the establishment of donation programs and the appearance of memorial monuments is noted. In reassessing Confucian attitudes, the stress laid on a particular interpretation of filial piety is questioned, and an attempt is made to balance this with the Confucian emphasis on a moral duty to those outside one's immediate family. The authors argue that the fundamental Confucian norm ren (humaneness or benevolence) allows for body donation as people have a moral duty to help others. Moreover, the other central Confucian value, li (rites), offers important insights on how body donation should be performed as a communal activity, particularly the necessity of developing ethically and culturally appropriate rituals for body donation. In seeking to learn from this from a Western perspective, it is contended that in all societies the voluntary donation of bodies is a deeply human activity that is to reflect the characteristics of the community within which it takes place. This is in large part because it has educational and personal repercussions for students. Anat Sci Educ 11: 525–531. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of moral education》2012,41(1):15-25
Abstract Competition in education, school sport in particular, remains a controversial issue. The author recognizes that competition is a contested concept and examines both the ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ critiques against the moral desirability of having competitive sport as a part of the compulsory curriculum. The questions of selfishness and of winning are discussed, before the role of the teacher is examined. The author concludes that competitive sport is not per se a form of mis‐education. It can be rather, if taught with understanding and skill, a form of education in which moral values are not only inherently demanded but are encouraged in practice. 相似文献
8.
王晋建 《连云港职业技术学院学报》2008,21(2):49-50
孔子是有记载以来第一个把《诗经》作为教材用于私人学校的,《诗经》在孔子的心目中有着极为重要的地位,他认为通过学习《诗经》可以提升自己的道德修养,并借以考察社会、批评朝政,做一名合格的政治家或外交家。孔子对《诗经》社会功用的论述,影响了一代又一代的知识分子,并已作为儒家学说重要的理论组成部分而流传至今。 相似文献
9.
《Journal of moral education》2012,41(4):449-464
During its evolution Chinese moral education has developed pronounced ideological aspects. This stems from traditions of first equating politics with morality, phrasing them both in the same language, and then of encouraging correct moral and political relations and behaviours through education. This trend dates back three thousand years to Zhou Gong and continued through Confucius and his followers. From 1949, through the Cultural Revolution and the present transition to a market economy, a similarly unified approach to political, ideological and moral education has been effected through the organizational medium of deyu. As well as providing a historical overview, this paper examines the ideological function and political structure of deyu and the changes that are occurring within it. In the light of current changes in China, deyu is now starting to shift its focus away from ideological education and towards citizenship education. This reflects important changes in core values, to include individualism, economic initiative and consumerism, all of which confront Chinese society and education with distinct challenges and opportunities, and suggest even further reform of deyu during the 21st century. 相似文献
10.
《Journal of moral education》2012,41(3):159-166
Abstract In The Moral Development of the Child Piaget proposes a sketch of a developmental account of moral judgments, and the sequence of stages which he there proposes have been widely taken to provide a basis for any adequate developmental account. However, if Piaget's work on cognitive development is taken as providing a standard by which to judge such theories it is doubtful that moral development can be accounted for through the use of the equilibrium concept. The very notion of ‘a moral judgment’ with which Piaget works imposes severe restrictions on the adequacy of the theory, leading him necessarily to ignore important issues. Furthermore, there seems to be no underpinning available to secure the necessary order of the stages, and as a matter of fact some children seem to show evidence of a capacity to make advanced moral judgments at an early age. It is argued, therefore, that the search for developmental structures of this kind should be abandoned. 相似文献
11.
Andrea Delaune 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2019,51(7):721-730
AbstractEarly childhood practice in Aotearoa New Zealand is guided by Te Whāriki, a curriculum which is rich in moral concepts. While there are opportunities for early childhood educators in Aotearoa New Zealand to reflect upon moral concepts in their educational settings, it is the position of this paper that critical engagement with these concepts is hindered by two major factors: lack of exposition on the moral concepts maintained within the English version of the early childhood curriculum document, and a historical gendered divide between theory and practice in early childhood education Aotearoa New Zealand. To address these concerns, the author draws from the philosophical writings of Iris Murdoch with particular focus upon her concept of attention. The theoretical plurality in Te Whāriki and the maternal image of the early childhood teacher are discussed. The author articulates the opportunities offered by Murdoch’s vision to view the curriculum and the early childhood teacher anew. 相似文献
12.
Mordechai Gordon 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(7):704-714
Drawing on Nietzsche’s insights as well as those of his critics, this article explores the dangers and limitations of the antiquarian type of historical investigations. The author begins his analysis by closely examining Nietzsche’s conception of antiquarian history and explaining why he finds this mode of historical investigation so troubling. Next he shows that the problem that Nietzsche associates with the antiquarian type of historicizing can be seen in a contemporary genealogical investigation: Daniel Mendelsohn’s book The Lost. Returning to Nietzsche, he then analyzes the meaning and value of his notion of the ‘power of forgetting’ and argues that it can serve as an antidote to some of the dangers of antiquarian history. In the final part of this article the author examines how the power of forgetting might be educationally valuable. 相似文献
13.
王成军 《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012,38(5):19-22
孔子在叙述其生平经历时,把自己描画成为一个发愤忘食、乐以忘忧的仁者形象,且突显其人生理想状态:而立、不惑、知天命、耳顺、随心所欲。孔子是中国口述自传第一人。我们认为,中国自传的叙事传统之一,尤其是中国式自传的叙事形式修辞之一实渊源于孔子,即重视叙述自我反省后的道德修养,而不太在意对自我生平中的事件叙述。孔子从不纯粹叙述事件本身,而是隐含或明言其叙事目的。因此可以说,正是孔子的自我口述叙事,开启了陶渊明《五柳先生传》等类型的自传叙事模式,其自传诗学影响深远。不得不承认,《论语》中大量的语料是孔门弟子及其再传弟子等传记叙述者对孔子形象的他画,而可以归结到孔子自我描画的文字着实不多,甚至我们必须明晓本文中的孔子自画文字,也是通过孔子弟子转述而形成的。一个特别重视史官传记文化的中国,如此稀缺对自我生平叙述的经典,不得不说是源自孔子及其所创造的儒家文化的负面影响。 相似文献
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15.
孔子有众多的门人弟子,他们各有各的特点、长处和优势。门人弟子在孔子生前和逝后对孔子多所助益,他们尊师重道,给孔子以精神鼓舞;他们照顾孔子日常起居生活,使孔子安心从事各种活动;他们维护孔子威信、宣传孔子,扩大孔门弟子集团,使孔门团结;他们提升孔子学问道德;他们慷慨资助、并跟随、保护孔子周游列国宣传思想学说;他们辅助孔子设坛教学、为政治国、整理典籍;他们践行孔子为政治国理念、传播孔子学说,发展儒家学派。门人弟子对孔子的助益是多方面的,是相当之大的,可以说没有这些助益孔子是不可能闻名当时,也难以蜚声后世的。一言以蔽之,孔子的炼成,儒家的形成,儒学的盛行,孔子门人弟子功莫大焉。 相似文献
16.
《Journal of moral education》2012,41(2):95-99
Abstract: Elsewhere, the author has argued that the liberal theory of moral education is both morally dangerous and philosophically mistaken. The moral educator cannot be morally neutral, but must be morally committed, even if he is to attempt to teach children how to think for themselves about moral questions, or develop their autonomy, rather than indoctrinate them. This position implies that the moral educator must be a moral authority. The author defends this claim against subjectivists who deny the existence of moral authority by arguing that the possibility of moral judgment creates the possibility of moral authority. 相似文献
17.
孔子思想的内容十分丰富,其中＂仁、智、勇＂三达德是其思想的重要方面,而这三达德中又蕴涵着权变意识。孔子一向主张具体问题具体分析,具体情况具体对待,办事灵活不教条,不死板,不究死理,不固执,不拘泥,随机应变;他的这种权变意识处处渗透在＂仁、智、勇＂三达德重要思想当中。孔子权变意识与三达德之间的关系,如能得到深入研究,孔子的基本思想便可以得到更深入的研究。本文仅就权变意识与＂仁、智、勇＂之间的关系,作一个浅显的探析。 相似文献
18.
孔子德育方法论:"下学而上达"的内涵及影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
王志彦 《河北师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2007,9(3):31-34
孔子以德育方法论“下学而上达”为指导,在德育活动中取得了显著的成效。后世学者、教育家不仅在理论上不断对“下学而上达”思想进行阐述,既探讨了“下学而上达”的内涵,又探讨了“下学”与“上达”的关系,而且还在教育实践中贯彻实行了“下学而上达”的思想。在现代社会的德育活动中,“下学”可以理解为个体与环境的互动和个体的道德实践,“上达”则理解为形成符合时代要求的高尚道德品质。研究孔子德育方法论“下学而上达”的内涵,能够为当前如何解决德育实效性问题提供有益的思路。 相似文献
19.
萧作永 《云南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2006,38(1):97-101
孔子的“克己复礼”,是一个明显具有政治内涵的命题;孔子对周礼有突破,但也有保留。《“克己复礼”的百年误读与思想真谛》一文,将“克己复礼”归为纯粹的修身之学,且只讲孔子对周礼的颠覆,而不提孔子对周礼的保留态度,这就有可能导致对孔子思想的新的误读,不利于批判地继承优秀的民族文化传统。 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Vocational Education & Training》2012,64(10):63-67
‘We may assert that thought is possible without language, but that the educator would be well advised to assume that it is not.’ (From Thought and Language, P. B. Ballard.)
‘A man to be greatly good must imagine intensely and comprehensively; he must put himself in the place of another and of many others; the pains and pleasures of his species must become his own. The great instrument of moral good is the imagination.’ (From A Defence of Poetry, P. B. Shelley.)
‘A school's motto might well be: “To hell with thought! How do you feel?”’ (From Hearts not Heads in the School, A. S. Neill.)
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