共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
In the economic order quantity （EOQ） model, the decision maker has vague information about holding cost, ordering cost and market demand. With these uncertainties characterized as fuzzy variables, a new formula is developed by analyzing the fuzzy total cost. By comparing with other four EOQ formulas, i.e., using the crisp numbers with the highest membership values in classic EOQ formula, using the expected values of fuzzy parameters in classic EOQ formula, using the fuzzy variables in classic EOQ formula and then calculating the expected value, and calculat- ing EOQ by hybrid intelligent algorithm simulation, the effectiveness of this formula Js illustrated. 相似文献
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IT Project Evaluation and Investment Decision 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
There are many kinds of real options, which are valuable, in each phase of the lifetime of an information technology(IT) project. However, in the current IT investment decision theory, real options that embedded in IT projects are not considered. In this paper, the process of IT project decision and implementation is fully analyzed, the real options that may be embedded in an IT project are identified, and a real option analysis (ROA) method is proposed for evaluation of an IT project under uncertain business environment. ROA employs BlackScholes expansion model and cancels the assumption that the cost of project is certain. The numerical example manifests that the ROA can better evaluate IT project and select the IT investment alternative. Finally, a road map is provided to help selecting the suitable evaluation method to make IT investment decision. 相似文献
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HEYulin ZHENGTaixion 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2002,1(1):7-10
Virtual environment has been widely applied in scientific research and considered as an important tool of exploring science.But constructing a real virtual environment is rather difficult.The difficulty cannot be compared with developing general software,It has a high demand for sofware technology,Obviously traditional methods are not competent for the job.Fortunately with the development of agent-oriented technologies ,all problems seem to be solved.By classifying a virtual environment into four layers corresponding with real world and considering it as a collection of agents,the virtual objects can be mapped into agents and an agent model can be designed.Based on the idea that the state change of a system is caused by that of in dividuals and the mutual effect among them,a theory of agent behavior driven by event and belief is put for ward.Such agent-oriented modeling method can cope with the demand for handling multi-dimension information.It is an effective technique for constructing a large and complex virtual environment. 相似文献
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A model of dynamic programming for repairing strategies of concrete structures during a projected service period is proposed,which takes into account the degradation in strength of components and the probability of accidental load.This model takes the safety grade of a structural system as the state variable of repairing strategies,and incorporates economic factors including expected repair cost,property loss due to structure failure,goods and material loss due to structure failure,loss of production interrupt due to structure failure,and inspection cost in decision making.It is found that the optimal repairing strategies are sensitive to the probability of accidental loads as well as the failure costs.The practicality of the model is demonstrated by an example. 相似文献
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For river basin management, the reliability of the rating curves mainly depends on the accuracy and time period of the observed discharge and water level data. In the Elbe decision support system （DSS）, the rating curves are combined with the HEC-6 model to investigate the effects of river engineering measures on the Elbe River system. In such situations, the uncertainty originating from the HEC-6 model is of significant importance for the reliability of the rating curves and the corresponding DSS results. This paper proposes a two-step approach to analyze the uncertainty in the rating curves and propagate it into the Elbe DSS： analytic method and Latin Hypercube simulation. Via this approach the uncertainty and sensitivity of model outputs to input parameters are successfully investigated. The results show that the proposed approach is very efficient in investigating the effect of uncertainty and can play an important role in improving decision-making under uncertainty. 相似文献
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In fixed order quantity systems,uncertainty in lead time is expressed as a set of scenarios with occurrence probabilities,and the mean and variance in demand distribution are supposed to be changeable according to a known pattern.A new concept of ＂dynamic robust optimal reorder point＂ is proposed in this paper and its value is calculated as a ＂robust optimal reorder point function with respect to reorder time＂.Two approaches were employed in determining the dynamic optimal reorder point.The first is a shortage rate satisfaction approach and the second is a backorder cost minimization approach.The former aims at finding the minimum value of reorder point at each reorder time which satisfies the condition that the cumulative distribution function （CDF） of shortage rate under a given set of scenarios in lead time is greater than or equal to a basic CDF of shortage rate predetermined by a decision-maker.In the latter approach,the CDF of closeness of reorder point is defined at each reorder time to express how close to the optimal reorder points under the set of scenarios,and the dynamic optimal reorder point is defined according to stochastic ordering.Some numerical examples demonstrate the features of these dynamic robust optimal reorder points. 相似文献
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Language is the carrier of culture as it carries the information of particular language and culture of folk custom.Idiom,which is called"custom fossil",is formed during a long course of language application.As an important linguistic phenomenon,id iom acts an important role in cross-cultural communication and cultural information transmission.With the more frequent com munication between the English people and the Chinese people,there is a great demand for more research on English and Chi nese idioms.The paper analyzes the different classifications and characteristics of English and Chinese idioms and explore the fac tors that cause the differences between the two kinds of idioms.The aim of the paper is to help language learners to enhance the effectiveness of cross-cultural communication. 相似文献
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This paper presents a new type of fault current limiter(FCL) based on fast-closing switch,which is composed of a capacitor bank and a reactor in series.The main control component is a fast-closing switch connected in parallel with the capactitors,which is drien by the electromagnetic repulsion force.It can response the order within 1 ms.When fault occurs,the switch closes and the capacitors are bypassed.and the fault current is limited by the reactor,Simulation analysis and experiment show that the electromagnetic repulsion force actuator can meet the demand of fast-closing switch,it is feasible to develop the FCL with low cost and high reliability. 相似文献
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This paper first reveals the non-verbal behavior and then further emphasizes the important of body behavior which can be used in class frequently under the classification of the non-verbal behavior. By analyzing the important role of non-verbal behavior plays in communication, the paper discusses the specific and important part that non-verbal behavior serves, especially in foreign language teaching. The paper concludes that non-verbal behavior can perform as a relation maintainer, a structure maker, and a content container. The further suggestions for teacher to facilitate are proposed. 相似文献
10.
The practice of stratified English teaching is determined by the features of vocational education. In addition, it is an inexorable trend of current higher education reform, and also a fundamental demand of higher vocational education and quality-oriented education. This thesis argues for the need of stratified English teaching in high vocational colleges. 相似文献
11.
The newsvendor problem is a classic problem of decision making under risk that is taught in traditional Operations and Supply Chain Management classes as a single‐period inventory problem. We discuss the following three pedagogical points of interest to any instructor tasked with teaching this topic: a) why the newsvendor model is relevant in this day and age; b) how to make better sense of the newsvendor problem for students; and c) how to easily implement and administer an active learning exercise in either a traditional classroom, or an online setting. This active learning exercise is a quick, effective, and meaningful way of demonstrating a variety of concepts related to the newsvendor problem that include: a) the rational economic method of calculating optimal order quantity, b) the inherent risk in forecasting and ordering decisions as they relate to surpluses and shortages; and c) the cognitive limitations in decision making that often result in irrational but predictable decision‐making behavior as demonstrated by empirical research on newsvendor behavior. This exercise can help instructors and students transition into broader discussions on human behavior, cognitive limitations, and perceptions of risk. Overall, it should provide the student with an improved understanding of the operational and behavioral issues associated with decision making under risk. 相似文献
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消费者是供应链的最终环节,也是关键的环节,从一定程度上影响供应链所有成员的行为。基于此建立的供应链中考虑消费者低碳偏好的两阶段动态博弈模型,表明不同决策机制下制造商的单位碳排放减少量对供应链成员决策的不同影响。消费者的低碳偏好会影响不同决策模式下的供应链的绩效,即两种决策机制下的碳减排水平相同,但集中决策下的收益和产量均高于分散决策情形;消费者低碳偏好增加或者减排成本影响因子下降,都将使得供应链各成员的利润增加,从而进一步促进企业投人更多的资源进行减排。 相似文献
15.
西安市入境游客旅游决策行为实证分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岳冬菊 《西安文理学院学报》2011,(4):101-104
通过问卷调查和访谈方式,从旅游动机、旅游偏好、出游方式、信息来源、旅游决策行为影响因素等方面分析了西安市入境游客的旅游决策行为特征及规律,期望为西安旅游市场拓展、旅游形象设计、旅游产品多样化等提供参考依据. 相似文献
16.
Higher education employees often participate in university-sponsored defined contribution pension plans that place the investment
decision responsibility upon them. In order to examine investment decision-making behavior with retirement savings plans we
investigated attitude-mediated, individual difference determinants of risky decision-making behavior in employer-sponsored
defined contribution retirement plans. Using a field survey of 795 higher education employees, who participated in one of
four defined contribution savings plans, we tested a risk taking model using data on the employees’ investment allocations
in their defined contribution savings plan. We found that an attitudinal preference toward risk and a perception of opportunity
served as mediators for the relationships among employees’ dispositional characteristics and their retirement savings behavior.
We also found that investment knowledge directly affected risk taking behavior. Implications of the results for higher education
institutions are discussed.
Funding for this study was provided by TIAA-CREF and is gratefully acknowledged by the authors. 相似文献
17.
在引入租赁的报童模型及其利润函数的基础上,给出了加性需求下引入租赁的报童模型的平均利润函数和一个基本定理,并通过算例进行了验证。 相似文献
18.
本文以单供应商为领导层,两零售商为从属层,建立了需求不确定情况下两零售商基于古诺竞争的二层报童问题模型,再根据下层问题的特点将其转化为单层问题,然后进行近似处理,并利用遗传算法给出了近似求解方法。最后给出了算例和灵敏度分析。 相似文献
19.
多属性决策的主客观结合特征向量方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了结合主观和客观信息的模糊多属性决策问题,其中主客观信息分别由属性权重的两两比较矩阵和决策矩阵组成.提出一种结合主观和客观信息的特征向量决策方法,给出了2种求解基于主客观特征向量法的模糊多属性决策方法.这种方法通过求解2个线性目标规划模型得到最优属性权重,然后,通过对决策信息进行简单的加权集结,得到所有方案的排序结果.最后,通过一个算例说明了该方法的实用性和有效性.结果表明,该方法要比其他主客观结合多属性决策方法简单. 相似文献