共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Yu-jun CUI Trong Vinh DUONG Anh Minh TANG Jean-Claude DUPLA Nicolas CALON Alain ROBINET 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2013,14(4):244-255
In this study, a fouled ballast taken from the site of Sénissiat, France, was investigated. For the hydraulic behaviour, a large-scale cell was developed allowing drainage and evaporation tests to be carried out with monitoring of both suction and volumetric water content at various positions of the sample. It was observed that the hydraulic conductivity of fouled ballast is decreasing with suction increase, as for common unsaturated soils. The effect of fines content was found to be negligible. For the mechanical behaviour, both monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests were carried out using a large-scale triaxial cell. Various water contents were considered. The results were interpreted in terms of shear strength and permanent axial strain. It appeared that the water content is an important factor to be accounted for since any increase of water content or degree of saturation significantly decreases the shear strength and increases the permanent strain. Constitutive modelling has been attempted based on the experimental results. The model in its current state is capable of describing the effects of stress level, cycle number and water content. 相似文献
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The soil-water retention curve(SWRC)can be used to evaluate the ability of unsaturated soils to attract water at various water contents and suctions. In this study, drying SWRCs for a kind of sandy soil were obtained in the laboratory by using self-modified SWRC apparatus. In addition, the porosity and the pore size distribution of the samples were investigated by a mercury porosimetry test in order to analyze the effect of dry density. Results showed that the soil-water retention of the soil specimens was strongly dependent on the dry density. Under zero suction, soil specimens with a higher dry density exhibited lower initial volumetric water content. The higher the dry density of soil, the more slowly the volumetric water content decreased with the increase of suction. There was a general and consistent trend for a soil specimen to possess a larger air-entry value and residual suction, while smaller slope of SWRC when it had a higher density. This was probably attributed to the presence of smaller interconnected pores in the soil specimen with a higher dry density. The proportion of large diameter pores decreased in comparison to pores with small diameters in the soil tested. The measured total pore volume of the soil specimen, which had a larger dry density, was lower than that of the relatively loose specimens. 相似文献
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Considering the great importance of the elastic shear modulus G0 of unsaturated soils to the serviceability of many geo-structures in geo-energy and geo-environmental engineering, some semi-empirical models have been reported for the G0 of unsaturated soils. Existing models require at least three parameters and the calibration of the model parameters requires extensive time-consuming unsaturated soil tests. In this study, a simple semi-empirical model is proposed for the hysteretic G0 of unsaturated soils, requiring only two parameters. The constitutive variables of the mean Bishop’s stress and a bonding variable are adopted for considering the average stress between soil particles and the additional normal forces between soil particles provided by water menisci. The derived equation is applied to simulate the G0 of unsaturated silts and sands. Comparisons between the measured and calculated results demonstrate that the proposed equation is able to describe the influences of various factors on G0, including mean net stress, suction, wetting-drying, and void ratio. 相似文献
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An improved mathematical model for a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler based on the model developed earlier by the authors was applied to simulate the operation of a 12 MW CFB boiler. The influences of the excess air ratio, primary air ratio, coal particle size distribution, coal properties (ash content and volatile content) and Ca/S ratio on the boiler operation were analyzed. The results showed that the model simulation may be applied to the optimum design and economic operation of the CFB boiler. 相似文献
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采用室内湿度配比的方法研究了空气和土壤湿度对南瓜实蝇存活的影响,结果表明土壤相对含水量和空气湿度等有关湿度方面的条件对南瓜实蝇蛹的羽化和成虫的存活有显著影响.相对含水量在20﹪-60﹪之间蛹的羽化率较高,当土壤相对含水量达到100﹪时,南瓜实蝇蛹不能羽化.1日龄蛹经干燥处理8d后羽化率降低至28.89﹪.空气湿度对成虫存活也有显著影响,随着干旱和高湿胁迫时间的延长,成虫的死亡速率逐渐加快,但是干旱条件下的抑制效果更显著. 相似文献
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为探究降雨入渗作用下排水钉的排水性能及其对土体渗流场的影响,通过开展室内试验、建立排水钉数值模型、定义流量函数模拟降雨入渗过程,分析排水钉排水量及土体中体积含水率和孔隙水压力的变化规律。 结果表明:随着降雨时间的增加,排水钉排水量不断增大直至最大值,排水量处于最大值一段时间后,土体表面积水入渗完成,排水量开始大幅减小。 随着降雨入渗的发展,各监测点处体积含水率均达到土体饱和体积含水率,各处孔隙水压力值由负变正,降雨停止后,由于排水钉的排水作用,各处体积含水率均不断减小,最终,各监测点处体积含水率均小于初始状态,孔隙水压力值由正变负。 数值模拟结果能与室内试验结果具有良好的一致性。 研究结果说明排水钉具有良好的排水效果,可有效解决工程中降水的排出问题,能够为工程的排水设计提供借鉴。 相似文献
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压实非饱和土的模量与含水率关系分析(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了客观可靠地评价实际工程中路基压实土的工程性能,在路基填筑设计时考虑了道路实际服务期内气候变化对路基压实土性能的影响. 鉴于含水率测试方法简单且应用广泛,直接采用含水率代替吸力寻求压实非饱和土模量和含水率之间的联系. 采用非饱和土三轴仪对不同初始压实含水率和经历干湿过程后不同含水率土样进行常含水率三轴试验,分析了含水率和围压等对土体模量的影响规律. 研究结果表明: 土体含水率的增加会引起非饱和压实土体模量的降低,且在试验含水率范围内非饱和压实土体模量随含水率呈指数规律变化; 土体模量随围压的增大而增加,但含水率对模量的影响较围压对模量的影响更为显著. 该研究可为服务期内非饱和压实路基土的性能变化评价提供参考. 相似文献
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The interaction between geogrid and soil is crucial for the stability of geogrid-reinforced earth structure. In finite element (FE) analysis, geogrids are usually assumed as beam or truss elements, and the interaction between geogrid and soil is considered as Coulomb friction resistance, which cannot reflect the true stress and displacement developed in the reinforcement. And the traditional Lagrangian elements used to simulate soil always become highly distorted and lose accuracy in high-stress blocks. An improved geogrid model that can produce shear resistance and passive resistance and a soil model using the Eulerian technique, in combination with the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method, are used to analyze the interaction between geogrid and soil of reinforced foundation test in ABAQUS. The stress in the backfill, resistance of geogrid, and settlement of foundation were computed and the results of analysis agree well with the experimental results. This simulation method is of referential value for FE analysis of reinforced earth structure. 相似文献
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O. Roger Anderson 《科学教学研究杂志》1983,20(7):603-620
The rate of information processing during science learning and the efficiency of the learner in mobilizing relevant information in long-term memory as an aid in transmitting newly acquired information to stable storage in long-term memory are fundamental aspects of science content acquisition. These cognitive processes, moreover, may be substantially related in tempo and quality of organization to the efficiency of higher thought processes such as divergent thinking and problem-solving ability that characterize scientific thought. As a contribution to our quantitative understanding of these fundamental information processes, a mathematical model of information acquisition is presented and empirically evaluated in comparison to evidence obtained from experimental studies of science content acquisition. Computer-based models are used to simulate variations in learning parameters and to generate the theoretical predictions to be empirically tested. The initial tests of the predictive accuracy of the model show close agreement between predicted and actual mean recall scores in short-term learning tasks. Implications of the model for human information acquisition and possible future research are discussed in the context of the unique theoretical framework of the model. 相似文献
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膨胀土的水分特征曲线通常是在实验室测得的, 在现场测量膨胀土的吸力不仅费时而且也非常困难. 本文采用人工神经网络技术用现场测得的含水量来预测土的吸力. 网络训练首先采用水分特征曲线相应的试验数据进行监督训练, 然后利用监督训练得到的网络单元的连接权值对现场测得含水量数据进行吸力预测, 预测结果与实测结果相近, 同时并对预测结果进行了分析讨论. 相似文献
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土壤水分调控对冬小麦水分利用特性及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了土壤水分对冬小麦水分利用特性及产量的影响.我国麦区时常出现干旱,由于土壤水分缺少而使根系吸水区域向下扩展,提高了土壤水分的利用率;同时,土壤水分缺少也影响了器官生长,使叶面积减小,群体叶片光合性能下降,土壤水分缺少也使开花后的光合产物减少,灌浆物质不足,从而造成减产. 相似文献
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Thebasicstressvariablesintheconstitutivemodelde velopedbyAlonsoetal[5] aresoilnetstressandsoilmatricsuctions ,whicharedefinedby σ″ =σ -ua (1) s=ua-uw (2 )whereσisthetotalstress,uwistheporewaterpressureanduaistheporeairpressure . Thenetmeanstresspanddeviatoricstressqarede finedas p =σ1+2σ33-ua (3) q =σ1-σ3(4 ) Asgenerallyregarded ,thesoilsuctioniscomposedoftwoparts ,matricsuctionandosmosissuction .TheosmosissuctionisneglectedoriginallyinAlonsoetal′smodelandhe… 相似文献
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Numerical Analysis of Soil Plug Inside Suction Foundations During Suction Penetration by Discrete Element Method 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
The phenomenon of the soil plug usually rising inside the suction foundations during suction penetration was quantitatively described and predicted. The formation process of the soil plug was simulated and calculated by DEM （discrete element method） model. The seepage flow, the self-weight of soil, the friction on the chamber wall as well as the suction inside the chamber are considered as the main external forces in the process. The results are compared with a set of laboratory model tests performed by using three soil types （sand, silty clay and clay） in the Bohai Sea area. The heights of soil plug from numerical estimations are lower than those from model test results, mainly because the suction pressure and friction resistance are applied in an ideal way under the numerical simulation. 相似文献
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Mechanical model of domestic gas explosion load 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
With the increase of domestic gas consumption in cities and towns in China,gas explo-sion accidents happened rather frequently,and many structures were damaged greatly.Rational physical design could protect structures from being destroyed,but the character of explosion load must be learned firstly by establishing a correct mechanical model to simulate vented gas explo-sions.The explosion process has been studied for many years towards the safety of chemical in-dustry equipments.The key problem of these studies was the equations usually involved some ad-justable parameters that must be evaluated by experimental data,and the procedure of calculation was extremely complicated,so the reliability of these studies was seriously limited.Based on these studies,a simple mathematical model was established in this paper by using energy conservation,mass conservation,gas state equation,adiabatic compression equation and gas venting equation.Explosion load must be estimated by considering the room layout; the rate of pressure rise was then corrected by using a turbulence factor,so the pressure-time curve could be obtained.By using this method,complicated calculation was avoided,while experimental and calculated results fitted fairly well.Some pressure-time curves in a typical rectangular room were calculated to inves-tigate the influences of different ignition locations,gas thickness,concentration,room size and venting area on the explosion pressure.The results indicated that: it was the most dangerous con-dition when being ignited in the geometry centre of the room; the greater the burning velocity,the worse the venting effect; the larger the venting pressure,the higher the peak pressure; the larger the venting area,the lower the peak pressure. 相似文献
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Cover systems are used to prevent water infiltration into a waste body. They also play an important role in controlling landfill gas transport from the waste body to the atmosphere. It is important to assess the flux of landfill gas at the surface of a cover system by considering the coupled effects of rainwater infiltration and gas transport in the cover soils. We have developed a 1D mathematical model for coupled transient gas and water transport in unsaturated cover soils. The coupled model was solved by the finite element method. Results obtained by the proposed model agreed well with experimental data. Based on the proposed solution, the influences of gas pressure, gas permeability, and the thickness of the cover soils on soil gas concentration profiles were investigated. The difference in soil gas concentration reached up to 31% as the thickness of cover increased from 1 to 2 m. Gas concentration at a depth of 0.2 m decreased by 6% as the amplitude of atmospheric gas pressure fluctuation increased from 20 to 100 Pa. The gas concentration increased by only 3% when gas permeability increased by a factor of 2 for a relatively long period of gas migration (e.g., 60 h) under the given conditions. Results suggest that both diffusion and advection should be considered when estimating gas transport in unsaturated cover soils. The numerical model can be used in the design of cover systems in relation to gas breakthrough time, breakthrough concentration, and flux. 相似文献
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主要用迭代法产生并绘制最具代表性的分形结构——扩散限制凝聚模型,模拟植物的生长,动态观察粒子生长的过程,并借助数学建模中解曲线拟合问题的思想方法,最终建立了2个比较合理的模拟植物生长的三次多项式模型与指数函数模型,较好地预测植物的生长趋势,实现对植物生长的实时监控和估测。 相似文献