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1.
Since the assumption of plane sections cannot be applied to the strain of unbonded tendons in prestressed concrete beams subjected to loadings,a moment-curvature nonlinear analysis method is used to develop analytical programs from stress increases in unbonded tendons at the ultimate limit state.Based on the results of model testing and simulation analysis,equations are proposed to predict the stress increase in tendons at the ultimate state in simple or continuous beams of partially prestressed concrete,considering the loading type,non-prestressed reinforcement index βp,prestressing reinforcement index βs,and span-depth ratio L/h as the basic parameters.Results of 380 beams studied here and test results for 35 simple beams obtained by the China Academy of Building Research were compared with those from prediction equations given in codes and other previous studies.The comparison reveals that the values predicted by the proposed equations agree well with experimental results.  相似文献   

2.
An optimal allocation of earth is of great significance to reduce the project cost and duration in the construction of rock-fill dams. The earth allocation is a dynamic system affected by various time-space constraints. Based on previous studies, a new method of optimizing this dynamic system as a static one is presented. In order to build a generalized and flexible model of the problem, some man-made constraints were investigated in building the mathematic model. Linear programming and simplex method are introduced to solve the optimization problem of earth allocation. A case study in a large-scale rock-fill dam construction project is presented to demonstrate the proposed method and its successful application shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.  相似文献   

3.
Numerous experiments have shown that the water flow in fine-grained soils can obey an exponential relationship at small gradients and a linear relationship when the hydraulic gradient exceeds a certain limit. Based on the non-Darcian flow described by exponent and threshold gradient, the theory of 1D consolidation is modified in this paper to consider a linear variation in the vertical total stress with depth and the effect of ramp loading. The numerical solutions were derived in detail by the finite difference method for excess pore water pressure and the average degree of consolidation. Finally, the influence of various parameters on consolidation behavior was investigated. The results show that the rate of consolidation is reduced when non-Darcian flow described by exponent and threshold gradient is adopted in the theory of 1D consolidation. As well the distribution of vertical total stress has a great influence on the dissipation of excess pore water pressure, either for pervious top and pervious bottom (PTPB) or for pervious top and impervious bottom (PTIB). For the case of PTIB, the distribution of vertical total stress in a foundation has a great influence on the rate of consolidation; however, for the case of PTPB, the rate of consolidation is independent of the distribution of vertical total stress. The rate of consolidation is dependent on the ratio of the thickness of a soil layer to the equivalent head of the final average vertical total stress; the greater the value of this ratio, the slower the rate of consolidation. Finally, an increase in construction time reduces the consolidation rate of a foundation. Thus, consolidation behavior of 1D consolidation with non-Darcian flow has been thoroughly acquainted in this paper.  相似文献   

4.
The life of shipboard cables will decrease due to the complex aging processes. In terms of the safety perspective, remaining life prediction of the cable is essential to maintain a reliable operation. In this paper, firstly, based on Arrhenius equation, residual life of new styrene-butadiene cable is calculated; result indicates that the degradation rate which changes with time is proportional to thermal temperature. Then second order dynamic model is adopted into the residual life prediction, combined with the time-temperature superposition method (TTSP), and a new residual life model is proposed. According to the accelerated thermal aging experiment data and Arrhenius equation, TTSP method demonstrates to be an efficient way for life prediction, and life at normal temperature can be estimated by this model. In order to monitor the state of styrene-butadiene cable more accurately, an improved residual life model based on equivalent environment temperature of cable is proposed, and life of cable under real operation is analyzed. Result indicates that this model is credible and reliable, and it provides an important theoretical base for residual life of cables.  相似文献   

5.
Testing is a standard method for verification of software performance.Producing efficinet and appropriate test case is an important aspect in testing.Specification-based testing presents a method to derive test data from software specification.Because of the precision and concision of specification.the test data derived from specification can test the software efficiently and entirely.This paper demonstrates a test class framework(TCF) on a file reading case study,specifiec using Z notation,This class framework defines test case sets,providing structure to the testing process.Flexbility is preserved so that many testing strategies can be used.  相似文献   

6.
In developing distributed systems, conformance testing is required to determine whether an implementation under test (IUT) conforms to its specification. With distributed test architectures involving multiple remote testers, testing approaches may become more complicated because of issues known as controllability and observability problems. Based on a finite state machine (FSM) representation of the system's specification, this paper proposes a new method to generate a test sequence utilizing multiple UIO sequences. The method is essentially guided by the way of minimizing the use of external coordination messages and input/output operations. Experiments are given to evaluate the proposed method.  相似文献   

7.
To retrofit and strengthen existing unreinforced masonry (URM) structures to resist the potential earthquake damages has become an important issue in Australia. In order to secure the performance of URM under seismic loading in the future, a research project was carried out aimed at developing a simple and high strength seismic retrofitting technique for masonry structures. A series of experimental testing on URM walls retrofitted with an innovative technique by cable system have been conducted. The results indicated that both the strength and ductility of the tested speci-mens were significantly enhanced with the technique. An analytical model which is based on Dis-tinct Element Method (DEM) has also been developed to simulate the behaviour of URM walls be-fore and after retrofitting. The model is then further developed by applying a seismic wave to the wall to simulate the wall behavior under earthquake loads before and after retrofitting.  相似文献   

8.
Analysis on Dynamic Performance for Active Magnetic Bearing—Rotor System   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In the application of active magnetic bearings(AMB),one of the key problems to be solved is the safety and stabiltiy in the sense of rotor dynamics,The project related to the present paper deals with the method for analyzing bearing rotor systems with high rotation speed and specially supported by active magnetic bearings,and studies its rotor dynamics performance,including calculation of the natural frequencies with their distribution characteristics,and the critical speeds of the system.one of the targets of this project is to formulate a theory and method valid for the analysis of the dynamic performance of the active magntic bearing-rotor systemby combining the traditional theory and method of rotor dynamics with the analytical theory and design method based on modern control theory of the AMB system.  相似文献   

9.
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars were prestressed for the structural strengthening of 8 T-shaped reinforced concrete (RC) beams of a 21-year-old bridge in China. The ultimate bearing capacity of the existing bridge after retrofit was discussed on the basis of concrete structures theory. The flexural strengths of RC beams strengthened with CFRP bars were controlled by the failure of concrete in compression and a prestressing method was applied in the retrofit. The field construction processes of strengthening with CFRP bars including grouting cracks, cutting groove, grouting epoxy and embedding CFRP bars, surface treating, banding with the U-type CFRP sheets, releasing external prestressed steel tendons-were introduced in detail. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this strengthening method, field tests using vehicles as live load were applied before and after the retrofit. The test results of deflection and concrete strain of the T-shaped beams with and without strengthening show that the capacity of the repaired bridge, including the bending strength and stiffness, is enhanced. The measurements of crack width also indicate that this strengthening method can enhance the durability of bridges. Therefore, the proposed strengthening technology is feasible and effective.  相似文献   

10.
According to Hertz theory, the difference of contact stress for non-circular gears and equivalent gears is compared in the paper, a calculating method of contact stress for non-circular gears by using equivalent gears is researched, and computing formulas of power and rotation speed for equivalent gears are deduced. A numerical simulation of contact stress for non-circular gears has also been conducted based on the finite element method. By the comparison of fitting curves, the feasibility of using equivalent gears instead of non-circular gears to calculate the contact stress is testified.  相似文献   

11.
预应力锚索与钻孔咬合桩结合的桩锚支护体系能有效的降低排桩间漏水,减少搭设和拆除深基坑内支撑工程成本,拓宽机械工作面,确保工程工期,避免角撑、对撑施工。通过具体工程案例,系统论述了预应力锚索与钻孔咬合桩结合的桩锚支护体系工艺流程、施工要点及其监测方法,为其在工程中的应用提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

12.
红柳河特大桥48m简支箱梁预应力质量控制的关键是节段箱梁预制过程中的预应力孔道位置控制和节段拼装过程中的湿接缝预应力孔道位置控制。由于48m箱梁节段拼装预应力筋过长、弯曲较多都会加大预应力筋的孔道摩阻损失,因此,后张法在张拉前测试预应力孔道的摩阻力是确保施工质量的有效措施。预应力孔道的摩阻测试有效验证了孔道位置施工质量,给预应力张拉提供准确的施工参数,确保预应力张拉施工质量。  相似文献   

13.
研制了以空心钢管钢筋混凝土为实验机台座的锚具静载锚固效率实验装置,介绍了该实验数据的采集方法.此试验装置可开展锚具静载锚固效率的教学试验,并多次应用于大跨度预应力桥梁锚具静载锚固效率监测.  相似文献   

14.
钢绞线预应力混凝土在桥梁工程中已普遍使用,作为质量控制双控指标的钢绞线张拉伸长值及锚固张拉力的确定,是大梁张拉成功的关键。本文着重概述了预制大梁施工工艺及过程质量控制的主要环节,供从事钢绞线预应力张拉人员参考。  相似文献   

15.
通过对拉索索力振动法测试计算公式简化分析,引入振动法测试的索力系数,只要在桥梁施工过程中通过压力传感器法或张拉千斤顶法确定各条吊索的索力系数,则振动频率法测试索力的公式变成了仅与拉索振动频率有关,对提高利用振动频率法测索力精度意义很大,尤其是精确测试短索的索力。  相似文献   

16.
从我国预应力混凝土发展的角度,以某学校餐厅兼礼堂预应力框架梁为例,浅谈预应力混凝土的特性,介绍其材料选用、土建施工工艺及张拉施工工艺等,并对其今后发展进行了分析。.  相似文献   

17.
To obtain the relationship between use of installment tensioning technology and the bearing capacity of prestressed concrete beams, tensile and cyclic loading tests are conducted on five rectangular prestressed concreted specimens. Two types of prestressed tensioning methods are adopted in the tests, one uses installment tensioning technology to tension beams on days 4, 12, and 8, 12, respectively, and the other adopts the conventional method to tension the beam on day 28 only. The age of concrete, number of times tensioned, and the prestress value of early tensioning are considered in tests. Results show that use of installment tensioning technology has no effect on the bending failure pattern of prestressed concrete beams, but it reduces prestress loss and increases crack and yield loads.  相似文献   

18.
为了表明扩孔锚杆在软土基坑工程中的应用价值,文章对福建沿海地区的一个软土基坑工程实例进行了分析。结果表明,扩孔锚杆不仅显著提高了其抗拉承载力,而且施工速度快,有利于基坑土方的开挖。因此,扩孔锚杆在施工工期短或不适合布置内支撑的基坑支护工程中具有十分广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

19.
斜拉桥索梁锚固区焊接集中,受力复杂,特别是在运营阶段循环应力作用下的疲劳性能值得关注。本文根据国内某大型斜拉桥中索梁锚固区构造,制作1∶1的索梁锚固区试验模型,进行静力与疲劳试验。根据试验实测数据,研究锚固区关键部位的静力及疲劳受力性能,从而对实桥索梁锚固区结构的可靠性做出评价。  相似文献   

20.
电磁感应检测法是对钢筋混凝土结构中钢筋无损检测的主要方法之一.通过对某高速公路桥梁建设中钢筋保护层现场检测的应用,描述了仪器的检测指标和操作规程,并对检测结果做出分析判断,以期为土木工程质量的检测方法提供一定的指导和借鉴.  相似文献   

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