共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
试题命制的理论和技术(一) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大规模教育考试试题命制是以心理学的某些理论假设为基础。与这些理论假设一致的试题定义要求试题应该具备三个要素:测量目标、刺激情境和设问,这三个要素缺失了任何一个,都不能构成完整的试题。根据这些理论假设以及试题定义和要素,本文讨论了命制客观题和主观题的基本要求,客观题包括题干的要求、选项设置的要求以及选项数的问题;主观题包括情境材料的选择、设问、赋分和评分标准制定。 相似文献
2.
《中学政治教学参考》2015,(31)
<正>命制政治主观题有知识、能力和材料立意三种基本方式。三种命题方式的区别在于命题出发点不同,各具优势和特点。其中材料立意方式使命题更加自由,效率更高,缺点是所命试题考查的知识、能力可能会与已命试题相同,我们必须特别注意。笔者试结合自己的命题体会,谈谈命制主观题的四个环节。一、材料的选择和编写是基础一道主观性试题,从结构上看包括二个部分,即材料、设问和答案。试题材料是引出试题设问和答案的基础,因此,一般的政治主观题命题都从试题材料着手。 相似文献
3.
王生 《历史教学(高校版)》2013,(12):52-57
情境是构成历史试题的必备要素,无论客观题还是主观题,都需一定的情境进行承载。本文中的“情境”,乃狭义之说,特指试题的材料（“题干”“素材”）、“引语”和选择题“选项”中的内容,暂不含试题的“设问”（即“问题”,另专文进行探讨）。一道好题目,应有好的情境进行铺陈。试题情境应发挥出应有的功能,即试题情境要能够激活学生对所学知识的深入理解和灵活运用,而不是牵引出对所学知识的简单复述（含“再认”“再现”两个方面）。在高考试题中,也常见一些“伪睛境”,主要体现为以下三种情形： 相似文献
4.
从试题的立意、情境、设问与应答设计等三个方面探讨高考理科试题的命制。能力立意就是要以解决实际问题为目标,强调过程与方法,注意不同能力层次试题命制的要求;情境创设应注意考试目标的适切性、情境的真实性、多样性和教育性;设问与应答设计要明确考试目标、表述无歧义、设问具有层次、答案规范等。 相似文献
5.
一年一度的高考尘埃落定之日,往往是人们对试题评头论足之时。与前几年相比。2013年安徽历史试题在试题题型、题量、命题能力立意取向和凸显地方特色上是平稳的．在试题难易度方面总体而言是平和的,但是在选择题命题手法上略显平淡。而两道主观题客观地说,却如一篇绝妙好词的上阕和下阕,可圈可点之处不少,甚至给人带来几分久盼的惊喜。由此引发我对今年安徽历史主观题及其命制问题的追索：这样的历史题我们的学生经得起“敲打”吗？这些题目的命制又传递了哪些值得关注的信息？试题从选材、设问到答案有没有值得商榷之处？笔者不揣冒昧籍此抛砖引玉,以就教于同行。 相似文献
6.
<正>高考政治主观题解题的关键在于审题,审题的关键在于设问。因此,在政治主观题审题过程中,我们阅读主观题的顺序是先看设问,后看材料,带着问题看材料,使对试题情境的思考有一个主题。因此,要把握情境的主题需要对设问进行科学有效地分析,明确解答政治主观性试题究竟需要从设问部分得到什么。通常政治主观性试题的设问由三个部分组成,即教材知识范围、情境材料范围以及设问模式,应该说这三个部分是解答政治主观性试题在设问部分的"三味真火"。 相似文献
7.
《中学政治教学参考》2015,(31)
<正>不管是选择题还是非选择题,高考政治试题在构成上都包含四个要素:试题情境、试题设问、知识内容和试题立意。在这种"情境一设问知识立意"的结构式试题中,情境是载体和凭据,是决定试题命制成败的前提条件。对试题情境选编的研究一般可从三个维度展开,即情境的呈现、情境的选材、情境的编制。一、情境呈现:落霞孤鹜齐飞试题情境的呈现形式一般有三种:以文字的形式(包括外文和公式、数据等),以图表的形式(曲线图、柱状图、饼状图、表格等),以图像的形式(漫画、实物 相似文献
8.
试题的命制包括目标、情境和任务设计三要素。情境是试题的土壤和载体,是科学知识与实际生活的联结点,其隐含的问题是体现试题立意、进行任务设计的原料。文中从情境特征、情境与问题整合、情境设问三个方面,阐述了初中物理情境性试题的开发。 相似文献
9.
从2021年全国高考命制的几套语文试题看来,高考语言文字运用题分语言文字运用I和语言文字运用Ⅱ两部分考查。有的语言文字运用I采用2(客观题)+1(主观题)形式,语言文字运用Ⅱ采用1(客观题)+1(主观题)形式,如2021年全国语文新高考I卷;有的语言文字运用题采用3+2形式,即语言文字运用I采用三个客观题形式,语言文字运用Ⅱ采用两个主观题形式,如2021年全国语文新高考Ⅱ卷。 相似文献
10.
新一轮课程改革背景下的化学情境化试题指向现实情境中的意义创生和复杂问题解决。它是一种真实性的评价方式,是以整合为目标的关联系统,可为完整的问题解决过程提供空间。化学情境化试题包含背景、目的、条件、任务、问题五个要素,可分为学习/实际再现型、学习/实际关联型、综合应用型、拓展迁移型四种类型。化学情境化试题的命制包括立意、定域、设问三个步骤,即确定试题命制目标,凸显大概念统整思维;创设复杂问题情境,指向素养多重水平;设计适度开放任务,建构合理问题空间。 相似文献
11.
This article deals with the investigation of the psychometric quality and constructs validity of algebra word problems generated by means of a schema-based version of the automatic min–max approach. Based on review of the research literature in algebra word problem solving and automatic item generation this new approach is introduced as a theory-based top–down method of automatic item generation featuring a quality control framework aimed to minimize the construct unrelated variance in the item parameters. The first study deals with the evaluation of an initial set of items. The results are replicated in the second study using a larger item set which also allows the investigation of the construct representation of the generated item. Since construct unrelated variance components (e.g. reading comprehension) have been controlled for in the item generation phase the results revealed some interesting insights into the cognitive processes of the actual mathematization phase of algebra word problem solving. The third study investigated the nomothetic span is using hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis. The results argue for the convergent and discriminant validity of the automatically generated items. Taken together, the results indicate that the automatic generation of construct valid algebra word problems at a high psychometric level is viable. The discussion is thus concerned with the implications of this new approach to item generation for theory development and evaluation as well as practical benefits for educational assessment and the development of intelligent tutoring systems. 相似文献
12.
本文对项目反应理论（IRT）局部独立性问题的主要研究成果进行了文献梳理。在此基础上,阐释局部独立性假设的定义。文章同时就局部独立性与测验维度的关系,局部依赖的甄别与计算、起因和控制程序,以及局部依赖对测量实践的影响进行讨论,并探讨了题组中局部题目依赖问题的解决策略。 相似文献
13.
《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(2):168-193
This article presents a methodology for examining the content and nature of item parcels as indicators of a conceptually defined latent construct. An essential component of this methodology is the 2-facet measurement model, which includes items and parcels as facets of construct indicators. The 2-facet model tests assumptions required for accepting parcels as aggregates of item covariation in representing the latent construct. According to this methodology, parcels are acceptable indicators of the latent construct if the 2-facet model meets parametric assumptions for unidimensionality and if items and parcels have content validity as measures of the latent construct. The proposed methodology is illustrated using a 1-factor model of the Worry construct in the test anxiety measurement tradition 相似文献
14.
难度不是试题的固有属性,而是考生因素与试题特征之间互动的结果。很多试题分析者倾向于将试题难度偏高的原因仅仅归结于学生未掌握相关知识或技能,而忽视试题本身的特征。通过分析60道难度在0.6以下的高考英语试题,探究其难度来源。结果显示,除考生因素外,难题或偏难题的难度来源也与命题技术有关,比如答案的唯一性与可接受性、考查内容超纲、考点设置与评分标准欠妥等方面的问题。为此,提出考试机构应提高命题水平,加强试题质量监控,确保大规模考试科学选拔人才。 相似文献
15.
Stefanie A. Wind 《Educational Measurement》2017,36(2):50-66
Mokken scale analysis (MSA) is a probabilistic‐nonparametric approach to item response theory (IRT) that can be used to evaluate fundamental measurement properties with less strict assumptions than parametric IRT models. This instructional module provides an introduction to MSA as a probabilistic‐nonparametric framework in which to explore measurement quality, with an emphasis on its application in the context of educational assessment. The module describes both dichotomous and polytomous formulations of the MSA model. Examples of the application of MSA to educational assessment are provided using data from a multiple‐choice physical science assessment and a rater‐mediated writing assessment. 相似文献
16.
开展学业水平考试命题质量评估的困境与对策——基于初中学业水平考试命题质量评估的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对1999年以来我国中考命题质量评估历程的分析,揭示开展学业水平考试命题质量评估的困境成因在于:缺乏命题质量评估界定,缺乏命题质量标准,缺乏命题质量评估主体标准,评估实践的“只技术”思维,缺乏命题质量评估文化。在此基础上,提出3条解困对策:建立学业水平考试命题容错制度,依法治考,专业化与标准化双管齐下。 相似文献
17.
Changes to the design and development of our educational assessments are resulting in the unprecedented demand for a large and continuous supply of content‐specific test items. One way to address this growing demand is with automatic item generation (AIG). AIG is the process of using item models to generate test items with the aid of computer technology. The purpose of this module is to describe and illustrate a template‐based method for generating test items. We outline a three‐step approach where test development specialists first create an item model. An item model is like a mould or rendering that highlights the features in an assessment task that must be manipulated to produce new items. Next, the content used for item generation is identified and structured. Finally, features in the item model are systematically manipulated with computer‐based algorithms to generate new items. Using this template‐based approach, hundreds or even thousands of new items can be generated with a single item model. 相似文献
18.
F. G. Macomber 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(4):353-358
Quite often in data reduction, it is more meaningful and economical to select a subset of variables instead of reducing the dimensionality of the variable space with principal components analysis. The authors present a neglected method for variable selection called the BI-method (R. P. Bhargava &; T. Ishizuka, 1981). It is a direct, simple method that uses the same criterion—trace information—used in ordinary regression analysis. The authors begin by discussing the nature and properties of the BI-method and then show how it is different from other existing variable selection methods. Because the BI-method originally was applied to small datasets that had little or no relevance to psychology or education, the authors apply it to large datasets with relevance to the psychological and educational literature. Of particular interest was the application of the BI-method to select a subset of items from a large item pool. Two practical psychometric examples with 49 and 108 items, respectively, showed that item subsets selected with the BI-method reflected the underlying structure of the whole item pool and that the scales based on those item subsets showed good reliability and predictive validity. The appropriateness of this item selection method within the context of the domain-sampling model is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Testing organization needs large numbers of high‐quality items due to the proliferation of alternative test administration methods and modern test designs. But the current demand for items far exceeds the supply. Test items, as they are currently written, evoke a process that is both time‐consuming and expensive because each item is written, edited, and reviewed by a subject‐matter expert. One promising approach that may address this challenge is with automatic item generation. Automatic item generation combines cognitive and psychometric modeling practices to guide the production of items that are generated with the aid of computer technology. The purpose of this study is to describe and illustrate a process that can be used to review and evaluate the quality of the generated item by focusing on the content and logic specified within the item generation procedure. We illustrate our process using an item development example from mathematics drawn from the Common Core State Standards and from surgical education drawn from the health sciences domain. 相似文献