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本文从三个方面对黄海澄文章提出了商榷意见。第一,黄文认为一切有机生命体都可以成为价值主体。本文认为,作为同客体二项式联结中的主体,必须同客体发生分离而有独立意识,且又融自然属性与社会属性于一体。故只有人才能作价值主体。第二,黄文认为,“目的决定需要”。本文认为目的源于需要,为需要所决定。由于生命体的生成是非生命物质的化学进化,生命体的成长与变异在很大程度上受外界“生境”影响,因而在生命胚胎中不存在先天预成的“目的”。第三,黄文以与事物自控系统目的相符与否区分正负价值。本文则认为,价值的本质是人的主观上合目的需求和客观上合规律事物的契合。因此正负价值的区分应以能否满足人的需求为界限。 相似文献
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孙志娟 《合肥教育学院学报》2010,(3):43-46
长期以来,学术界将伯恩施坦＂运动就是一切,最终目的是微不足道的＂的思想视为社会主义运动是没有任何确定目的的典型,实际上伯恩施坦并不是认为社会主义运动没有确定目的,他对于＂最终目的＂的理解是＂未来社会的具体模式或设想＂,但在他看来这是不可想象的。因而他认为应该关注于日常合法斗争,而不是＂最终目的＂。伯恩施坦认为关于最终目的与运动是分离的,而马克思整个理论的魅力恰恰是发现了资本主义发展的内在逻辑中蕴涵着新社会的因素。伯恩施坦的失误归根到底还在于他对辩证法的蔑视。 相似文献
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吕普生 《教学研究(河北)》2013,(5):1-4,14
在教育思想史上,有关教育目的的讨论主要有建构主义、功能主义和无目的论三种分析路径。建构主义教育观认为教育的目的是实现人自身的价值,它区分为人性发展目的论和幸福至上目的论。功能主义教育观认为教育的目的不在于人自身,而在于教育人所能实现的外在价值,它有可能是实现人的社会化、实现政治整合、经济发展或社会公平等等。教育无目的论认为教育的目的是获得更多更好的教育,在教育之外没有其它目的。尽管这三种分析路径的差异甚大,但它们是可以融通的,其共同指向都应该是“培养完善的人,这就是教育的最终目的。 相似文献
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曹怀瑾同志在《不能把满足扩大再生产的需要排除在社会主义生产目的之外》一文(见《江西师范大学学报》一九八四年第一期)中,认为社会主义生产目的应该把扩大再生产也包括进去。我们认为,这个见解是值得商榷的。 相似文献
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本文通过对斯宾塞《德育》的深入解读以及对相关文献的分析，认为现有研究忽略了对斯宾塞德育目的的研究。本文认为斯宾塞以其社会进化思想、人性、儿童观、教育观为理论基础，提出了自治、独立的德育目的。 相似文献
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十九世纪初,德国教育学家赫尔巴特指出：“道德普遍地被认为是人类最高目的,因此也是教育的最高目的。”在今天,也有人认为,所有的教育都是道德教育。因为有多方面的理由表明,教育从根本上涉及到个体内部价值体系的发展。 相似文献
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姚轩鸽 《陕西理工学院学报(社会科学版)》1991,(3)
马斯洛的伦理思想主要表现为“己他两利主义”。马斯洛一方面认为每个人的行为目的既可能自爱利己,又可能无私利他;另一方面认为道德目的既在于保障社会又在于完善自我。从而主张既无私利他,又自爱利己。 相似文献
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关于活动课的开设目的 在开设活动课的过程中,大家对开设这门课程的目的认识是不尽相同的:有的认为,活动课与原来的第二课堂没有什么两样,这不过是搞搞学科竞赛辅导,读读书报而已;有的认为,活动课就是“专业训练课”,重点是对学生进行体、音、美等专业系统辅导,为升学服务;有的认为,活动课就是学科教学的延续,老师多用来处理作业等等。我们认为,开设活动课的目的应在于弥补学科课程的不足,加强实践环节,扩大学生视野,培养学生的广泛兴趣, 相似文献
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通过调查问卷的方式,分别对甘肃农业大学参与到评教活动中的大二到大四三个年级各个专业的300名学生进行了问卷调查,然后利用SPSS软件对调查问卷进行了分析,分析了该大学网上匿名评教学生性别对评教指标的影响。调查结果表明学生性别在评教目的和评教信度上存在着差异。在评教目的上,绝大部分男生肯定了评教的目的是为了更好地改进教学,为了促进师生间的交流;但大多数女生更倾向于认为评教的目的是为了反映教师的教学效果,甚至认为是为了给教师晋升提供参考依据。在评教信度上,有一半多的女生认为评教的信度很高,而不到30%的男生认为评教信度较高。绝大多数男生认为评教信度并不高。大部分同学认为,学生写的评教意见并不是发自肺腑之言,不是对课堂教学的真实反馈,仅仅是泛泛而谈或信手涂鸦而已。 相似文献
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Özlem Sensoy Carolyne Ali-Khan 《Educational Studies A Journal of the American Educational Studies Association》2016,52(6):506-520
Teachers across all subject areas engage students, in some way, in the study of otherness—other societies, other cultures, other practices. Often teachers and teacher educators attend to teaching about others with strong desires toward social justice as they seek to make a difference and do good. However, with insufficient tools to interrogate their practices and beliefs to think critically what good actually entails, they can unwittingly pave the road to hell. When good intentions are additionally coupled with the bad science of incomplete knowledge, misinformation, and weak arguments, the road can get treacherous. In this article, we examine the road to hell as it winds through teaching about a specific other, Muslims. We examine how good intentions and bad science about Muslims and Islam have worked to cement stereotypes, promote intolerance, shut down learning, and in doing so thwart education for social justice. Peering closely, we examine commonly voiced student conceptions of Muslims/Islam/The East and highlight the good intentions and bad science behind many of the popular discourses that students advance. We then offer strategies for building a different path, by problematizing good intentions and repairing bad science. 相似文献
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任何一种教育现象,孩子越少在其中感觉到教育的意图,它的教育效果就越大。我们把这条规律看作教育技巧的核心,是找到了通向心灵之路的基础。如何把握这条规律,使学生在无意中德、智、体、美、劳各方面都得到发展,对于班主任来说是在教育过程中应该思考和研究的课题。 相似文献
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《大唐中兴颂》是元结晚年的一篇雄文,历来受到人们的推崇。然对其创作意图的评价,自宋以来颇有分歧,或以其高简古雅,得雅颂之遗,或以其暗寓讥讽,承春秋笔法。本文通过梳理宋人的相关议论,并结合元结仕历及其政治、诗学思想加以考索,认为元结撰写此颂的真实意图在于对肃宗盛德大业的由衷赞颂。 相似文献
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Don W. Brown 《College Teaching》2013,61(1):59-61
It is not unusual to find elaborate schemes for compelling and assessing class participation. Although participation can take many forms, in practice it is most synonymous with discussion, which, at its core, is about student engagement. But with what should the students be engaged? When we make class participation a requirement and assess it, students must then produce evidence. But of what? The author examines the intentions behind class participation, considers the means and associated meanings of its implementation, and suggests new ways for professors to think about and justify it, with our productive learning outcomes in mind. 相似文献
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Sandra Leaton Gray 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2004,25(3):323-340
This paper examines notions of ‘educational time’ with particular reference to the work of Basil Bernstein. It focuses closely on the 1967 Plowden report as a particularly appropriate policy case study to demonstrate how different constructions of time can exist within the same document. It then develops educational models originally mapped out by Bernstein, arguing that a full understanding of the areas of consensus and conflict among these models is vital if we are to understand how teaching professionals think about the future. The paper addresses the following questions: How does time affects education? What influence does this have on educational outcomes? How does this relate to public policy initiatives? Assuming a tacit, collective understanding of time and the future can undermine the very policy intentions a government might be seeking to promulgate. 相似文献
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Barbara A. Crawford Michael J. Cullin 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(11):1379-1401
This study investigated prospective secondary science teachers' understandings of and intentions to teach about scientific modelling in the context of a model‐based instructional module. Qualitative methods were used to explore the influence of instruction using dynamic computer modelling. Participants included 14 secondary science prospective teachers in the USA. Research questions included: (1) What do prospective teachers understand about models and modelling in science? (2) How do their understandings change, following building and testing dynamic computer models? and (3) What are prospective teachers' intentions to teach about scientific models? Scaffolds in the software, Model‐IT, enabled participants to easily build dynamic models. Findings related to the process, content, and epistemological aspects of modelling, including: (a) prospective teachers became more articulate with the language of modelling; and (b) the module enabled prospective teachers to think critically about aspects of modelling. Still, teachers did not appear to achieve full understanding of scientific modelling. 相似文献
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J. Bradley Wigger 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(3):325-339
Theory-of-mind research has been carried out for over three decades, examining the ways children understand the minds of others—their perspectives, intentions, desires, and knowledge. Since the early 21st century, theory-of-mind studies have begun exploring the ways in which children think and reason about the minds—not only of ordinary, visible figures such as humans or animals—but of invisible figures such as spirits, angels, imaginary friends, and God. This growing body of research provides insight into children's cognitive development generally, but also into what could be called a “theory of religious mind.” 相似文献
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张敏娇 《洛阳师范学院学报》2012,(12):35-39
20世纪末,在美国国内国际事务日益复杂的大背景下,智库蓬勃发展并且在美国外交决策中担任重要角色。这些智库在具有传统智库特征的同时,也有着自身明显的特色,按职能标准将美国智库分为学术智库、游说智库和合同智库三种。由于美国政府决策的各阶段、各层次决策主体特点的不同,智库有针对性地采取诸如组建专业总统竞选团队、"旋转门"效应、利用大众传媒引导和教育公众、利用人脉和专有渠道举行学术会议、发布会以及午餐会、出版刊物、发布报告提供外交思想和政策建议等方式施加影响。智库对美国外交决策施加多种影响是由美国政治制度、政治传统及智库本身特点决定的。美国智库近年来出现了在数量上不断增加、研究议题多样化、工作网络日益国际化及与政府政策联系日益紧密的趋势,这些趋势使得智库研究外交政策的范围更加广泛。可以预见,美国智库在外交决策研究中的重要性和影响力将在今后进一步增强。 相似文献