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1.
We know that metacognitive students are successful in school (Sternberg Instructional Science 26:127–140, 1998). However, despite the recognition of the role of metacognition in student success, limited research has been done to explore
teachers’ explicit awareness of their metacognition and their ability to think about, talk about, and write about their thinking
(Zohar Teaching and Teacher Education 15:413-429, 1999). Therefore, the current study investigates teachers’ understanding of metacognition and their pedagogical understanding
of metacognition, and the nature of what it means to teach students to be metacognitive. One hundred-five graduate students
in education participated in this study. The data analysis results, using mixed research method, suggest that the participant’s
metacognitive knowledge had a significant impact on his/her pedagogical understanding of metacognition. The results revealed
that teachers who have a rich understanding of metacognition report that teaching students to be metacognitive requires a
complex understanding of both the concept of metacognition and metacognitive thinking strategies. 相似文献
2.
One of the central unresolved conceptual issues that concerns researchers of personal epistemology is the characterization of the intersection between personal epistemology and metacognition. The contested and diverse nature of both constructs makes untangling their connections a complex yet vital task. The purpose of this article is to advance the discussion regarding this intersection by offering a theoretical approach that may serve as a basis for analyzing epistemic thinking and aligning it with current views of metacognition. Based on a synthesis of theoretical and empirical studies, we argue that epistemic thinking is a multifaceted construct with both cognitive and metacognitive aspects. Furthermore, we propose that epistemic metacognition includes several aspects such as metacognitive skills; metacognitive knowledge about persons, strategies and tasks; and metacognitive experiences. The theoretical, methodological, and instructional implications of this approach are explored. 相似文献
3.
The aim of this study was to examine metacognition in computer-supported collaborative problem solving. The subjects of the
study were 13-year-old Finnish secondary school students (N = 16). The Knowledge Forum learning environment was used to support student pairs’ problem-solving task involving polygons
in a geometry course. The data consist of the student pairs’ posted computer notes (n = 95). To examine metacognition in a social context in the networked discussions, the features and patterns of networked
interaction, the metacognitive content of the computer notes and their relations were examined. To examine the features of
networked interaction, the social network analysis measures were used. The patterns of networked interaction were displayed
with the multidimensional scaling technique. In the analysis, metacognitive contents of the computer notes were categorized
as metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive skills, and not metacognitive. Further, with the correspondence analysis, we examined how the student pairs’ metacognitive activity was distributed. The
results of the study revealed that the metacognitive activity varied among participants, although some aspects of metacognition
such as planning were never encountered. It was found that there is a relation between metacognitive activity and the features
of interaction. The student pairs who monitored and evaluated the ongoing discussions had a strategically optimal position
in the communication network. 相似文献
4.
In this study natural-in-action metacognitive activity during the student laboratory in university physics is explored, with
an aim towards quantifying the amount of metacognition used by the students. The study investigates whether quantifying natural-in-action
metacognition is possible and valuable for examining teaching and learning in these contexts. Video recordings of student
groups working during three types of introductory physics laboratories were transcribed and then coded using a coding scheme
developed from related research on mathematical problem solving. This scheme identifies a group’s general behaviour and metacognitive
activity. The study recognizes that reliably identifying metacognition is challenging, and steps are taken to improve reliability.
Results suggest that a greater amount of metacognition does not appear to improve students’ success in the laboratory—what
appears to matter is whether the metacognition causes students to change behaviour. This study indicates that it is important
to consider the outcome of metacognition, not just the amount.
相似文献
| Rebecca Lippmann KungEmail: |
5.
It is widely recognized that metacognition is an important mediator for successful and high-level learning, especially in
higher education. Nevertheless, a majority of higher education students possess insufficient metacognitive knowledge and regulation
skills to self-regulate their learning adequately. This study explores the potential of reciprocal peer tutoring to promote
both university students’ metacognitive knowledge and their metacognitive regulation skills. The study was conducted in a
naturalistic higher education setting, involving 67 students tutoring each other during a complete semester. A multi-method
pretest–posttest design was used combining a self-report questionnaire, assessing students’ metacognitive knowledge and their
perceived metacognitive skilfulness, with the analysis of think-aloud protocols, revealing students’ actual use of metacognitive
strategies. Results indicate no significant pretest to posttest differences in students’ metacognitive knowledge, nor in their
perception of metacognitive skill use. In contrast, significant changes are observed in students’ actual metacognitive regulation.
At posttest, students demonstrate significantly more frequent and more varied use of metacognitive regulation, especially
during the orientation, monitoring, and evaluation phases. Furthermore, our findings point to an increase in more profound
and higher-quality strategy use at posttest. 相似文献
6.
One could focus on many different aspects of improving the quality of mathematics teaching. For a better understanding of
children’s mathematical learning processes or teaching and learning in general, reflection on and analysis of concrete classroom
situations are of major importance. On the basis of experiences gained in a collaborative research project with elementary
school teachers, several ideas about a professional reflection on one’s own instruction activities are explained. The paper
focuses on joint reflection between teachers and researchers on the participating teacher’s own classroom interaction by means
of concrete examples. It becomes clear that changes of one’s own interaction behavior will take place only in the long-term.
Nevertheless such a joint professional reflection should be an essential component of teachers’ professional knowledge in
a natural way.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
7.
《Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties》2013,18(2):63-70
Abstract Effective metacognition powerfully supports actioning of complex tasks. The complexity of English orthography makes mastery of reading accuracy (word identification) an extremely complex task. At‐risk readers thus are likely to benefit greatly from effective metacognition of reading accuracy. Optimal reading‐accuracy instruction involves development of conceptual, procedural and conditional knowledges, evidenced in concept and skills development, strategy usage and metacognitive actioning. It is considered likely that metacognition of reading accuracy and metacognition of cognitive processing both support reading‐accuracy mastery in children with reading disability. Student metacognition (baseline and learned) and the role of instructional scaffolding as metacognitive supports are considered integral aspects of skill mastery and generalisation. Needs for research on metacognition in reading‐accuracy development are discussed. 相似文献
8.
The development of two observational tools for assessing metacognition and self-regulated learning in young children 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
David Whitebread Penny Coltman Deborah Pino Pasternak Claire Sangster Valeska Grau Sue Bingham Qais Almeqdad Demetra Demetriou 《Metacognition and Learning》2009,4(1):63-85
This paper reports on observational approaches developed within a UK study to the identification and assessment of metacognition
and self-regulation in young children in the 3–5 year age range. It is argued that the development of observational tools,
although containing methodological difficulties, allows us to make more valid assessments of children’s metacognitive and
self-regulatory abilities in this age group. The analysis of 582 metacognitive or self-regulatory videotaped ‘events’ is described,
including the development of a coding framework identifying verbal and non-verbal indicators. The construction of an observational
instrument, the Children’s Independent Learning Development (CHILD 3–5) checklist, is also reported together with evidence
of the reliability with which it can be used by classroom teachers and early indications of its external validity as a measure
of metacognition and self-regulation in young children. Given the educational significance of children’s development of metacognitive
and self-regulatory skills, it is argued that the development of such an instrument is potentially highly beneficial. The
establishment of the metacognitive and self-regulatory capabilities of young children by means of the kinds of observational
tools developed within this study also has clear and significant implications for models and theories of metacognition and
self-regulation. The paper concludes with a discussion of these implications.
相似文献
| David WhitebreadEmail: |
9.
Peter Nenniger 《Educational Psychology Review》2006,18(3):233-237
The comment starts with a review of the authors’ four phase model of SRL as metacognitive, motivated, and strategic where it is suggested to complete the model with aspects of motivation, emotion, and attribution. Furthermore, integrating theories about “online motivation” within the model’s internal regulatory part and framing it with elements of interest theory could increase the explanatory power in view of the dynamics in the regulatory component. The authors’ critics of methodological shortcomings and their preference of “in vivo” indicators about learners’ tactics is acknowledged although their meaning of “validity” needs further elaboration, especially with regard to a precise definition of adequate parameters that depict significant characteristics of traces and of time-related changes. With respect to the Learning Kit Project, a parallel on-line measure of concurrent motivational and emotional states is suggested as well as an emphasis on regulatory aspects having their source in dynamic interactions between cognition, motivation, and emotion. Regarding the accompanying software, considering the difference in perspectives, roles, and needs of teachers and researchers and to integrate project and software into a more explicit instructional concept could help to realize its promising and challenging target even more efficiently. 相似文献
10.
In two semester-long studies, we examined whether college students could improve their ability to accurately predict their
own exam performance across multiple exams. We tested whether providing concrete feedback and incentives (i.e., extra credit)
for accuracy would improve predictions by improving students’ metacognition, or awareness of their own knowledge. Students’
predictions were almost always higher than the grade they earned and this was particularly true for low-performing students.
Experiment 1 demonstrated that providing incentives but minimal feedback failed to show improvement in students’ metacognition or performance.
However, Experiment 2 showed that when feedback was made more concrete, metacognition improved for low performing students although exam scores
did not improve across exams, suggesting that feedback and incentives influenced metacognitive monitoring but not control. 相似文献
11.
Posing questions about an article might improve one’s knowledge—a cognitive function, or monitor one’s thought processes—a
metacognitive function. This study focuses on guided question posing while using a metacognitive strategy by 12th grade honors
chemistry students. We investigated the ways by which the metacognitive strategy affected students’ skills to pose complex
questions and to analyze them according to a specially designed taxonomy. Our learning unit, Case-based computerized laboratories, emphasizes learning through chemical case studies, accompanied by tasks, that call for posing questions to which the answer
cannot be found in the text. Teachers equipped their students with a metacognitive strategy for assessing the quality of their
own questions and characterizing them according to a three-component taxonomy: content, thinking level, and chemistry understanding
levels. The participants were 793 experimental and 138 comparison chemistry students. Research instruments included interviews
and case-based-questionnaires. Interviews with students revealed that using the metacognitive strategy the students had been
taught, they were capable of analyzing the questions they generated with the taxonomy. The questionnaires showed that students
significantly improved their question posing skill, as well as the complexity level of the questions they posed. A significant
difference was found in favor of the experimental group students. Stimulating students to generate complex questions with
a metacognitive strategy in mind enabled them to be aware of their own cognitive process and to self-regulate it with respect
to the learning task. 相似文献
12.
Paulette Rozencwajg 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2003,18(3):281-294
The aim of this study on 42 seventh graders (ages 12–13) was to determine whether and to what extent students’ metacognitive
level is linked to their conceptualization and performance in problem solving at school, especially science problems. This
hypothesis is supported by a number of studies showing that metacognition is a factor in learning. Two indexes were devised
for the study: an index of metaknowledge about classroom learning, and an index of metacognitive monitoring in relation to
task difficulty on a non-academic problem. These two indexes were related to the students’ intelligence test scores and solving
strategies on electricity problems. The results showed that (1) the metaknowledge level was more closely tied to crystallized
intelligence (Gc), and (2) metacognitive monitoring was more closely associated with fluid intelligence (Gf). Moreover, both
metacognitive indexes were strongly linked to scientific problem-solving strategies (correlations around .50). 相似文献
13.
14.
Dr. June Trop 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》1995,6(1):53-56
Conclusion The journal writing activity was an opportunity for Tom and his classmates to personalize a constructivist vision of teaching
and learning, a step Gallagher’s (1993) teachers identified as the beginning of their transition to a constructivist practice.
The efficacy of the journal writing activity may be attributed to its capacity to engage students in metacognitive thinking.
That is, the students had an opportunity to think about their ideas rather than merely with them (Kuhn, Amsel, & O’Loughlin,
1988). Indeed, various researchers have associated metacognition with cognitive development, meaningful learning, and conceptual
change (e.g., Champagne, Gunstone, & Klopfer, 1985; Kuhn et al., 1988; Pintrich, Marx, & Boyle, 1993).
Also, sharing journal entries fostered a sense of community, a support that seems to be essential for teacher change (Shaw
& Etchberger, 1993; Taylor, 1993). In fact, students reported the activity to be a “great way to get to know others” and “a
way of reducing isolation” because” certainly, a whole class of teachers is better than just one.”
Although the purpose of the activity was to promote constructivist pedagogy, it accomplished so much more. It stimulated imaginative
questions such as What is the purpose of teaching physics? When is it to review many areas? When is it to understand how physics
works in some special instances?
In addition, journal writing “was an excellent way to bring about closure.” “It was relaxing … kind of like cool down exercises
after a heavy aerobic workout.” 相似文献
15.
Antti Savinainen Jouni Viiri 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2008,6(4):719-740
The Force Concept Inventory (FCI) is a multiple choice test designed to monitor students’ understanding of the conceptual
domain of force and related kinematics (Hestenes et al. Physics Teacher 30:141–158 1992; Halloun et al., 1995, Online at http://modeling.asu.edu/R&E/Research.html). It has gained wide popularity
among both researchers and physics instructors in the United States and elsewhere. The FCI has also been criticized, and its
validity as a measure of the coherence of a student’s understanding of the force concept has been questioned. In this paper
we provide a characterization of students’ conceptual coherence and a way to evaluate it using the FCI. We divide students’
conceptual coherence into three aspects: representational coherence (the ability to use multiple representations and move
between them), contextual coherence (the ability to apply a concept across a variety of contexts), and conceptual framework
coherence (the ability to fit related concepts together, i.e. to integrate and differentiate between them). Postinstruction
FCI results and interview data from two Finnish high school groups (n=49 total) are discussed; the data provide evidence that the FCI can be used to evaluate students’ conceptual coherence—especially
contextual coherence—of the force concept. 相似文献
16.
Cecile Ouvrier-Buffet 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2006,63(3):259-282
The definition of ‘definition’ cannot be taken for granted. The problem has been treated from various angles in different
journals. Among other questions raised on the subject we find: the notions of concept definition and concept image, conceptions of mathematical definitions, redefinitions, and from a more axiomatic point of view, how to construct definitions.
This paper will deal with ‘definition construction processes’ and aims more specifically at proposing a new approach to the
study of the formation of mathematical concepts. I shall demonstrate that the study of the defining and concept formation
processes demands the setting up of a general theoretical framework. I shall propose such a tool characterizing classical
points of view of mathematical definitions as well as analyzing the dialectic involving definition construction and concept
formation. In that perspective, a didactical exemplification will also be presented. 相似文献
17.
Components of Conceptual Ecologies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hyun Ju Park 《Research in Science Education》2007,37(2):217-237
The theory of conceptual change is criticized because it focuses only on supposed underlying logical structures and rational
process processes, and lacks attention to affective aspects as well as motivational constructs in students’ learning science.
This is a vast underestimation of the complexity and diversity of one’s change of conceptions. The notion of conceptual ecology
provides a context for understanding individuals’ conceptual change learning, as it is the environment through which all information
is interpreted. This research investigated how high school students’ statements, made in answering questions, reflect selected
components of their conceptual ecologies. Data for this study was collected from six interviews in which seven students took
part. The data also include the science teacher’s profiles of each student, the students’ personal journals, their assignments,
and their examinations and answers in class. The analysis presented will here include only those components that were represented
in the discourse of the seven high school students who were interviewed. When students were asked questions, there was evidence
of the engagement of the various components of conceptual ecologies. These components include: epistemological commitments,
metaphysical beliefs, the affective domain and emotional aspects, the nature of knowledge, the nature of learning, the nature
of conceptions, and past experience. Evidence from this study suggests that these components might function as constraints
to learning. This study contributes to the field by expanding our knowledge of the components of high school students’ conceptual
ecologies through its definition of the categories and themes associated with those components. In examining across the range
of components, the study illustrates the variety and sources of science conceptions within high school students’ conceptual
ecologies. 相似文献
18.
《Africa Education Review》2013,10(4):614-637
AbstractThis article focused on the concept of metacognition. Some theoretical models of metacognition were discussed to provide a general framework to understand the relationship between the different aspects or components of this phenomenon. The study also looked at five metacognitive strategies that enhance learning in schools, namely: (1) graphic organizers; (2) metacognitive scaffolding; (3) reciprocal teaching; (4) explicit instruction; and (5) collaborative learning. The work also briefly highlighted the problems of metacognitive strategies used in Nigerian schools. We noted that all learners do not engage spontaneously in metacognitive thinking unless they are explicitly encouraged to do so through carefully designed instructional activities. The study therefore recommended effective practice of scaffolded instruction on metacognitive strategies use in Nigerian schools and other countries in the world. 相似文献
19.
A constructivist framework was used in conjunction with an interpretive methodology to investigate the effect of an intervention using the metaphor “learning is constructing” on students' metacognition and learning processes. The metaphor was used to communicate with students regarding learning processes consistent with constructivism. Students were initially found to be generally non‐metacognitive regarding their learning processes. Despite some students possessing metacognitive knowledge consistent with a constructivist learning orientation, their pre‐intervention views and preferences in relation to teaching and learning were predominantly consistent with transmission models. The effect of the intervention on students' metacognition was variable. Some students became increasingly metacognitive and reported evidence of revision of their learning processes. Others reported little or no effect. The effects of the intervention can be partially explained by considering changes to students' metacognition as conceptual change. However, this study also shows that contextual factors are key determinants of students' propensity to enhance their metacognition and learning processes. This study highlights the potential of using metaphor as a means to assist teachers and students develop a shared language of learning in classroom settings. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 222–259, 2001 相似文献
20.
The theoretical distinctions between metacognition, self-regulation and self-regulated learning are often blurred which makes
the definition of co-regulation in group learning situations even more difficult. We have started to explore co-regulation
in the context of decision making in simulated emergencies where medical teams work together to manage patient cases. Our
earlier work has described the relationship between collaborative decision-making in this context as well as discourse patterns
that emerge in a simulated medical emergency (Lu & Lajoie, 2008). This paper examines the interactions that occur during this simulation that reflect the relationship between co-regulation
and medical decision-making. There are two collaborative learning conditions, a traditional situation where the instructor
facilitates collaboration by using a whiteboard to document the group’s construction of a medical argument (the traditional
whiteboard condition, TW). The second condition uses technology to facilitate the collaboration, where individuals use laptops
and an interactive whiteboard (IW) where they can interact with the problem list as it is being created. Our assumption was
that the IW would facilitate communication beyond the teacher–student, to include student–student both within and between
the various subgroups. The IW group could document their medical arguments by using a structured template for constructing,
annotating and sharing arguments. We found that participants in the IW condition differed from the TW condition in that they
engaged in more adaptive decision-making behavior early on in the intervention. Similar overall levels of metacognitive activity
were found in both conditions but the pattern and timing of metacognitive categories varied. Specifically, the IW group engaged
in more planning and orienting than the TW group at the outset of the problem. Early engagement and co-regulation occurred
in the IW group which led to shared understandings and subsequently to effective patient management in latter sessions (11.5%
vs. 3.6% in TW). Technology supported greater metacognitive activity overall (44% vs 29% in the non supported group). Furthermore,
technology facilitated greater planning (23% vs. 10%) and orienting (10% vs 1%) early in the medical problem solving activity.
We refer to specific indicators in the discourse that help operationalize the concept of co-regulation. 相似文献