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自我刺激行为是自闭症谱系障碍儿童典型发展的问题行为之一,常常表现为啃咬自己、撞击物品或他人、反复摇晃身体等。这些问题行为不仅有可能威胁到他们自身或者其他人的身体安全,同时也会影响他们与其他人保持良好的社会交往关系,阻碍他们学习新的知识和技能,因此,对自闭症谱系障碍儿童的自我刺激行为进行干预十分必要。目前常用的自我刺激行为的干预方法主要有：感觉消退、匹配性刺激替代法、过度矫正、积极行为支持、强化、感觉统合训练和早期预防7种。对自闭症谱系障碍儿童的自我刺激行为进行有效干预,可以帮助自闭症谱系障碍儿童学会用恰当的行为方式表达需求,从而更好地适应学习和生活。 相似文献
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通过家长问卷筛查自闭症谱系障碍儿童是为常见,然运用问卷来区分功能则,本研究欲探索其可能性.结合我国社会文化编制了用于甄别自闭症谱系障碍儿童和区分其功能的家长访谈问卷,并运用该问卷对全国11个城市的2901名1-6岁普通儿童和119名自闭症谱系障碍儿童家长进行了实际调查.调查结果表明,运用该问卷既可甄别又可有效地区分自闭症谱系障碍儿童不同功能.说明运用家长问卷甄别与区分自闭症谱系障碍儿童的功能具有可行性. 相似文献
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本实验比较了12位自闭症谱系儿童和12位年龄及非语言智商匹配的聋童、12位年龄及语言智商匹配的智力障碍儿童手势模仿能力.研究发现:(1)自闭症谱系儿童手部模仿能力明显落后于聋童,略高于智力障碍儿童;(2)身体部位定向的困难可能是自闭症谱系儿童无意义手势模仿的主要障碍;(3)运用自我一他人投射理论可以有效地解释自闭症谱系儿童的模仿缺陷和特异性的错误类型. 相似文献
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《宁波教育学院学报》2020,(3):113-118
儿童广泛性发育障碍,又称自闭症(孤独症)谱系障碍,是一组以交流语言障碍和行为异常为特征的发育障碍性疾病。早期干预是目前被认为最有效的治疗方案。语言干预在早期干预中占有重要地位。提高自闭症谱系障碍儿童的语言使用能力有利于其与外界进行交流与沟通。通过分析总结出适用于自闭症儿童在幼儿园环境中进行语用干预的基本模式。结果表明,语用干预的实施有利于自闭症谱系儿童接受融合教育,最终实现各方面能力的全面进步,迈出融入社会的第一步。 相似文献
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专业康复训练,可以补偿和改善学龄前自闭症谱系障碍儿童的身体功能,提高其生活、学习质量,帮助其融入社会。山东省淄博市周村区特殊教育中心与两所幼儿园合作开展学龄前自闭症系障碍儿童融合教育的研究,通过具体案例,进行双模块课程设计实践研究,寻求学龄前自闭症谱系障碍儿童的问题行为的解决策略,做沟通幼儿园教师和家长的桥梁。实践证明,康教结合的训练模式是有效的。 相似文献
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《陕西教育学院学报》2017,(1):58-62
乐高团体疗法是根据自闭症谱系障碍儿童身心发展的优弱势专门设计的干预方法。它通过对团体成员的游戏经验与偏好、游戏发展层次、同伴关系发展等方面进行评估,在此基础上进行角色的分配,制定干预计划,实施干预流程。大量的研究表明,乐高团体疗法是一种对自闭症谱系障碍儿童的社交技能的提升、刻板行为的改善及象征性游戏能力的发展等方面有显著的成效的干预方法。 相似文献
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Trauma-related sleep difficulties are quite common and their functional and clinical importance are increasingly recognized. High rates of sleep problems have been documented among trauma-exposed adults, particularly those diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, research with trauma-exposed children is relatively limited. Research specifically with child samples is critical due to the numerous developmental and functional implications that may result from sleep impairment. Characteristics of the traumatic event may play a key role in understanding sleep difficulties, yet, these associations are not well understood among trauma-exposed children. The current study therefore investigated whether aspects of the traumatic event (i.e., type, nature, chronicity, age of onset, removal from home, and complex trauma) were related to higher levels of sleep disturbances among 276 treatment-seeking children ages 6–18 years (M = 10.88, SD = 3.39; 63.4% female; 62.7% Black). Sleep problems were common in this sample. Domestic and community violence exposure were associated with higher levels of select sleep difficulties, as were interpersonal trauma, chronic trauma, a trauma that began early in life, and complex trauma. Nonetheless, type of trauma and characteristics of the traumatic event were largely unrelated to sleep problems on either caregiver’s or children’s reports. Removal from the home was not linked with sleep impairment. Although findings signify the relevance of sleep disturbances among trauma-exposed children, trauma characteristics may have limited influence on sleep problems. 相似文献
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This study examines how everyday discrimination is associated with 6-day trajectories of sleep/wake problems, operationalized as sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction, among 350 diverse adolescents (Mage = 14.27, SD = 0.61, 69% female; 22% African American, 41% Asian American, 37% Latinx; 24% multiethnic/racial; across participating schools, 72% of students eligible for free/reduced price lunch) in the Northeastern United States. Adolescents encountering discrimination experienced changes in sleep/wake problem trajectories (i.e., significant increases in same-day sleep/wake problems), whereas adolescents reporting no discrimination experienced no changes in trajectories (Cohen’s ds = .51–.55). Multiethnic/racial (compared to monoethnic/racial) adolescents experiencing everyday discrimination reported greater same-day sleep/wake problems, yet steeper decreases in sleep/wake problems suggesting stronger impact coupled with faster return to baseline levels. 相似文献
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Dallas R. Jensen 《Journal of College Counseling》2003,6(1):25-34
College students' sleep habits are changing dramatically, and related sleep problems are increasing. The author reviews the current literature on sleep problems, focusing on the college student population. An explanation of the basics of sleep is provided as a base for understanding sleep disorders. The unique challenges of college settings are discussed as they apply to understanding sleep problems, and suggestions are made for professionals who work with college students. 相似文献
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《Early education and development》2013,24(4):311-322
Research findings: In order to assess the relations between sleep problems and temperament in infants, temperament ratings of 63 toddlers who presented with night waking problems were compared to those of 35 non-referred toddlers. An objective method to assess sleep patterns was used to validate the distinct sleep patterns of the two groups prior to the comparison of the temperament scales. Measures included: Toddler Temperament Questionnaire (TTQ) and the child's scales of the Parental Stress Index (PSI). On the TTQ, Night Wakers were rated as having lower sensory thresholds compared to the controls. Night Wakers were also rated as less adaptive than the controls. On the PSI, Night Wakers were rated as more distractible; less reinforcing; less adaptive and more demanding. Practice or policy: The results suggest that sleep disturbances in early childhood are closely associated with negative maternal perceptions of child temperament. It is proposed that early detection and treatment of sleep problems during early childhood may prevent some of the associated negative behavioral consequences. 相似文献
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Research findings: In order to assess the relations between sleep problems and temperament in infants, temperament ratings of 63 toddlers who presented with night waking problems were compared to those of 35 non-referred toddlers. An objective method to assess sleep patterns was used to validate the distinct sleep patterns of the two groups prior to the comparison of the temperament scales. Measures included: Toddler Temperament Questionnaire (TTQ) and the child's scales of the Parental Stress Index (PSI). On the TTQ, Night Wakers were rated as having lower sensory thresholds compared to the controls. Night Wakers were also rated as less adaptive than the controls. On the PSI, Night Wakers were rated as more distractible; less reinforcing; less adaptive and more demanding. Practice or policy: The results suggest that sleep disturbances in early childhood are closely associated with negative maternal perceptions of child temperament. It is proposed that early detection and treatment of sleep problems during early childhood may prevent some of the associated negative behavioral consequences. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to examine the associations between sleep and neurobehavioral functioning (NBF) in school-age children. These variables were assessed for 135 unreferred, healthy school children (69 boys and 66 girls), from second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade classes. Objective assessment methods were used on the participants in their regular home settings. Sleep was monitored using actigraphy for 5 consecutive nights; and NBF was assessed using a computerized neurobehavioral evaluation system, administered twice, at different times of the day. Significant correlations between sleep-quality measures and NBF measures were found, particularly in the younger age group. Children with fragmented sleep were characterized by lower performance on NBF measures, particularly those associated with more complex tasks such as a continuous performance test and a symbol-digit substitution test. These children also had higher rates of behavior problems as reported by their parents on the Child Behavior Checklist. These results highlight the association between sleep quality, NBF, and behavior regulation in child development; and raise important questions about the origins of these associations and their developmental and clinical significance. 相似文献
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Mannering AM Harold GT Leve LD Shelton KH Shaw DS Conger RD Neiderhiser JM Scaramella LV Reiss D 《Child development》2011,82(4):1252-1266
This study examined the longitudinal association between marital instability and child sleep problems at ages 9 and 18 months in 357 families with a genetically unrelated infant adopted at birth. This design eliminates shared genes as an explanation for similarities between parent and child. Structural equation modeling indicated that T1 marital instability predicted T2 child sleep problems, but T1 child sleep problems did not predict T2 marital instability. This result was replicated when models were estimated separately for mothers and fathers. Thus, even after controlling for stability in sleep problems and marital instability and eliminating shared genetic influences on associations using a longitudinal adoption design, marital instability prospectively predicts early childhood sleep patterns. 相似文献
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大学生睡眠质量及影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解大学生睡眠质量状况及影响因素,为有针对性地实施健康教育和指导提供参考依据,采用分层整群抽样方法,以匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表和自行设计调查表作为调查工具,对丽水学院抽取的1420名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果显示：大学生PSQI平均分为6．50±1．78,睡眠障碍者（PSQI≥8）324人,检出率为23．62％,男、女生睡眠障碍检出率分别为21．13％、25．87％,女生明显高于男生;睡眠质量问题在性别、城乡、学科、年级间都存在差异,女生的睡眠质量明显不如男生（P〈0．01）、来自农村生源学生不如城镇生源学生（P〈0．05）、文科类学生明显不如理科类学生（P〈0．01）、大一大四学生明显不如大二大三学生（P〈0．001）。睡眠质量问题主要表现在日间功能障碍、睡眠时间、睡眠质量、入睡时间等4个方面。有睡眠障碍大学生自评影响其睡眠质量因素,列前4位分别是睡眠环境、上网时间、作息规律和学习压力。认为大学生睡眠质量问题较为严重,学校领导和相关教师应给予高度关注。 相似文献
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Walter Buboltz Jr. Steve M. Jenkins Barlow Soper Kevin Woller Patrick Johnson Theresa Faes 《Journal of College Counseling》2009,12(2):113-124
This study represents an expansion of previous research investigating the prevalence of sleep difficulties in college students. Sleep quality and sleep habits were assessed via self‐report questionnaires. Poor sleep quality was reported by 22.6% of participants, whereas 65.9% replied that they experienced occasional sleep problems. More than half of the respondents noted feeling tired in the morning. Implications for counselors and their institutions are discussed. 相似文献